Virology

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Review Virology

Association between human herpesvirus infection and cervical carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Han Zhang, Shunli Cai, Yuan Xia, Yangxuan Lin, Guozhong Zhou, Yinghui Yu, Min Feng

Summary: This study provides evidence that overall HHVs infection increases the risk of CC incidence, with EBV and HSV-2 being potential targets in the development of new interventions or therapeutic strategies for cervical lesions.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Virology

Differential inhibition of intra- and inter-molecular protease cleavages by antiviral compounds

Jennifer S. Doherty, Karla Kirkegaard

Summary: Enteroviruses encode protease active sites that can cleave viral polyprotein either intra- or inter-molecularly. This study evaluates the cleavage patterns and effects of antiviral agents on enteroviral cleavage. The results show that targeting intra-molecular cleavage can inhibit drug-resistant variants and that the efficacy of antiviral drugs varies in blocking intra-molecular cleavage. Additionally, defective 2A protease activity can suppress the growth of wild-type virus in enteroviral species.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

Interactions between DC-SIGN and the envelope protein from Dengue and Zika viruses: a structural perspective based on molecular dynamics and MM/GBSA analyses

Bruno Stein Barbosa Menechino, Rodrigo Bentes Kato, Helena Cristina Ferreira Franz, Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva, Marcus Corat, Daniel Ferreira de Lima Neto

Summary: This study investigated the interaction between the envelope proteins of ZIKV and DENV with the DC-SIGN receptor. The results suggest a better competitive interaction between ZIKV and the DC-SIGN receptor, especially in the CRD portion.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Immunology

Development of a Recombinant Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibodies Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Yu Zhang, Zongxi Han, Huixin Li, Shengwang Liu

Summary: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an economically important disease agent in chickens. The N protein, abundantly expressed during IBV infection, can induce a strong immune response. The rN160 ELISA, based on the N protein, is a rapid, simple, and sensitive method for detecting group-specific IBV antibodies.

VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Immunology

Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors Modulate Adaptive Immune Responses in Head and Neck Cancer

Sangeetha K. Nayanar, V. G. Deepak Roshan, Shruthi Surendran, Goran Kjeller, Bengt Hasseus, Daniel Giglio

Summary: The role of HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is minor, and p16 is not a good biomarker for HPV positivity in Kerala, India. Intracellular Toll-like receptors are correlated with the degree of inflammation in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Review Immunology

Viral Biology and Immune Privilege in the Development of Extrahepatic Manifestations During Hepatitis E Virus Infection

Javier Orozco-Cordoba, Camila Mazas, Gisela Du Pont, Edmundo Lamoyi, Graciela Cardenas, Nora A. Fierro

Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the replication factors of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in diverse organs and the associations between HEV infection and various extrahepatic manifestations. It reveals that HEV may replicate directly in peripheral tissues and highlights the crucial role of immune response in the development of the disease.

VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

HIV co-receptor tropism usage: first report from the Iranian patients

Farzaneh Ghasabi, Ava Hashempour, Nastaran Khodadad, Shokufeh Akbarinia, Mohammadreza Heydari, Zohre Foroozanfar

Summary: The HIV-V3 sequence plays a role in determining the tropism of HIV, but no consistent sequence can explain the tropism of R5 or X4 virus. This study found that R5 tropic viruses were predominant in the samples studied, but X4 tropism may increase the risk of treatment failure. There was good agreement between the DNA/RNA tropism results.

FUTURE VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Immunology

Seroprevalence of Measles in Pairs of Mothers and Newborns in Southern Greece

Afroditi Barmpakou, Maria Mavrouli, Aikaterini Pana, Eleni Kourkouni, Ioannis Panagiotou, Nikolaos Spanakis, Athanasios Michos

Summary: Maternal IgG antibodies provide protection against measles virus for newborns. A study in Greece found that a significant number of mothers and newborns did not have protective serology against measles. There was a positive linear association between maternal and neonatal antibodies. Increasing vaccination coverage in women of reproductive age is important to prevent future measles epidemics.

VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

Optimizing ancestral trait reconstruction of large HIV Subtype C datasets through multiple-trait subsampling

Xingguang Li, Nidia S. Trovao, Joel O. Wertheim, Guy Baele, Adriano de Bernardi Schneider

Summary: Large datasets and sampling bias pose challenges for phylodynamic reconstructions, especially when data are obtained from heterogeneous sources and/or convenience sampling. This study evaluates the impact of unbalanced sampled distribution on the reconstruction of HIV-1 subtype C dynamics using a comprehensive subsampling strategy. The results show that subsampling with all available traits, particularly using multigene datasets, can obtain the most suitable dataset for ancestral trait reconstruction. The study also demonstrates that sampling bias is inflated when vital information for a trait is missing or of poor quality.

VIRUS EVOLUTION (2023)

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Article Virology

KPNA2 suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting and degrading virus envelope protein through selective autophagy

Qi Gao, Zhijun Weng, Yongzhi Feng, Ting Gong, Xiaoyu Zheng, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong

Summary: Based on the study of host factors interacting with PEDV structural proteins, KPNA2 was found to suppress PEDV replication and may play a role in the host antiviral response against PEDV.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

Amino acid substitution L232F in non-structural protein 6 identified as a possible human-adaptive mutation in clade B MERS coronaviruses

Ray T. Y. So, Daniel K. W. Chu, Kenrie P. Y. Hui, Chris K. P. Mok, Marcus H. H. Shum, Sumana Sanyal, John M. Nicholls, John C. W. Ho, Man-chun Cheung, Ka-chun Ng, Hin-Wo Yeung, Michael C. W. Chan, Leo L. M. Poon, Jincun Zhao, Tommy T. Y. Lam, Malik Peiris

Summary: This study identified an amino acid substitution (nsp6 L232F) in clade B MERS-CoV that is more common in human infections and confers higher replication ability in the human respiratory tract. This mutation is associated with the transmission of the virus from camels to humans, highlighting the importance of MERS-CoV as a zoonotic threat and the need for continued surveillance in camels and humans.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

Classical swine fever virus NS5A protein activates autophagy via the PP2A-DAPK3-Beclin 1 axis

Jinfu Sun, Haixiao Yu, Yingnan Wang, Liming Li, Jinqi Zhu, Ping Ma, Zezhong Feng, Changchun Tu

Summary: The paper shows that CSFV NS5A mediates the dissociation of PP2A from Beclin 1 and the association of PP2A with DAPK3 through interaction with PPP2R1A and DAPK3. This activates autophagy via the PP2A-DAPK3-Beclin 1 axis, contributing to viral replication. These findings provide insights into the development of antiviral strategies.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

A multi-epitope/CXCL11 prime/pull coronavirus mucosal vaccine boosts the frequency and the function of lung-resident memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and enhanced protection against COVID-19-like symptoms and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection

Latifa Zayou, Swayam Prakash, Nisha Rajeswari Dhanushkodi, Afshana Quadiri, Izabela Coimbra Ibraim, Mahmoud Singer, Amirah Salem, Amin Mohammed Shaik, Berfin Suzer, Amruth Chilukuri, Jennifer Tran, Pauline Chau Nguyen, Miyo Sun, Kathy K. Hormi-Carver, Ahmed Belmouden, Hawa Vahed, Daniel Gil, Jeffrey B. Ulmer, Lbachir Benmohamed

Summary: This study found that a prime/pull coronavirus vaccine strategy increased the frequency of functional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells in the lungs, resulting in low viral titer and reduced COVID-19-like symptoms.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

Development of a neutralization monoclonal antibody with a broad neutralizing effect against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Hae Li Ko, Deuk-ki Lee, Younghyeon Kim, Hui Jeong Jang, Youn Woo Lee, Ho-Young Lee, Sang-Hyuk Seok, Jun Won Park, Jin-Kyung Limb, Da In On, Jun-Won Yun, Kwang-Soo Lyoo, Daesub Song, Minjoo Yeom, Hanbyeul Lee, Je Kyung Seong, Sungjin Lee

Summary: We developed a potent SARS-CoV-2 antibody, SKAI-DS84, through phage display screening. This antibody exhibited broad neutralizing effects against wild-type and various variants of SARS-CoV-2. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed its ability to reduce viral replication and improve lung pathology. SKAI-DS84 targets quaternary epitopes formed by the interaction between receptor-binding domains (RBDs).

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Immunology

Chemical Complementarity of Tumor Resident, Adaptive Immune Receptor CDR3s and Previously Defined Hepatitis C Virus Epitopes Correlates with Improved Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Joanna J. Song, Andrea Chobrutskiy, Boris I. Chobrutskiy, Konrad J. Cios, Taha I. Huda, Rachel A. Eakins, Michael J. Diaz, George Blanck

Summary: In this study, a chemical complementarity scoring algorithm was used to investigate the relationship between adaptive immune receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironments and disease outcomes. The results indicated that CDR3 sequences can serve as biomarkers for patient stratification in HCC and as guides for therapeutic development.

VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Immunology

Relationship Between Human FCγRIIA rs1801274 G Allele and Risk of Death Among Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Nazanin Moghaddam, Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi, Sina Moghaddam, Fatemeh Sakhaee, Iraj Ahmadi, Enayat Anvari, Abolfazl Fateh

Summary: This study found a potential correlation between the G allele of FCγRIIA rs1801274 and the mortality rate of COVID-19 among different variants of SARS-CoV-2.

VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

Comparing COVID-19 and influenza: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, outcomes and mortality in the ICU

Quentin Pangot, Francois Labaste, Vincent Pey, Chloe Medrano, Adam Tuijnman, Stephanie Ruiz, Jean-Marie Conil, Vincent Minville, Fanny Vardon-Bounes

Summary: This study compared the clinical profiles, care procedures, and mortality outcomes of ICU patients with influenza and COVID-19. Despite differences in clinical presentation and prognostic factors, the mortality rates at 90 days were similar between the two groups after adjusting for confounding factors.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Virology

Clinical and molecular characteristics of the 2022 Enterovirus-D68 outbreak among hospitalized children, Ohio, USA

Raquel Giacomelli Cao, Asuncion Mejias, Amy L. Leber, Huanyu Wang

Summary: This study describes the clinical and molecular characteristics of the post-pandemic 2022 Enterovirus-D68 outbreak in children evaluated at a pediatric hospital in Columbus, Ohio. The majority of identified EV-D68 cases presented with respiratory symptoms and required admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Additionally, two patients were found to have acute flaccid myelitis attributed to EV-D68.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2023)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Artificial intelligence: Machine learning approach for screening large database and drug discovery

Prachi P. Parvatikar, Sudha Patil, Kedar Khaparkhuntikar, Shruti Patil, Pankaj K. Singh, R. Sahana, Raghavendra Kulkarni, Anjanapura Raghu

Summary: This article discusses the importance of virtual screening in drug discovery and the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in this field. Despite the existing obstacles, these technologies have great potential for discovering treatment methods.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2023)

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Article Virology

HMGB1 Release Induced by EV71 Infection Exacerbates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via VE-cadherin Phosphorylation

Qiao You, Jing Wu, Ye Liu, Fang Zhang, Na Jiang, Xiaoyan Tian, Yurong Cai, Enhui Yang, Ruining Lyu, Nan Zheng, Deyan Chen, Zhiwei Wu

Summary: Our study found that EV71 infection leads to the release and translocation of HMGB1. Released HMGB1 acts as an inflammatory mediator in EV71 infection and disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by enhancing VE-cadherin phosphorylation and reducing its overall levels. Additionally, released HMGB1 induces the activation of astrocytes. Neutralization of HMGB1 can reverse the increase in endothelial permeability.

VIRUS RESEARCH (2023)

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