Toxicology

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Molnupiravir: First Approval

Yahiya Y. Syed

Summary: Molnupiravir is an orally-administered antiviral drug that inhibits the replication of COVID-19 virus by inducing viral error. It has received approval in the UK for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 and emergency use authorization in several countries.

DRUGS (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Complex molecular mechanism of ammonia-induced apoptosis in chicken peripheral blood lymphocytes: miR-27b-3p, heat shock proteins, immunosuppression, death receptor pathway, and mitochondrial pathway

Jingyang Zhang, Jiawen Cui, Yueyang Wang, Xu Lin, Xiaohua Teng, You Tang

Summary: This study established an ammonia poisoning model of chicken PBLs and explored the mechanism of ammonia-induced apoptosis in chicken PBLs. The results showed that miR-27b-3p participated in apoptosis through targeting the TNF-α/TNFR1/Caspase-8 and Bid/Cytc/Caspase-9 pathways in ammonia-treated chicken PBLs. In addition, ammonia exposure led to immunosuppression and activated HSPs.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Umbelliferone delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting ferroptosis through activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway

Tong Jin, Cheng Chen

Summary: The findings suggest that umbelliferone has a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and attenuating high glucose-induced ferroptosis.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) induced lipid metabolism disorder in liver via activating the LXR/SREBP-1c/PPARa/? and NF-?B signaling pathway

Yue-Qiang Huang, Yi-Xi Tang, Bai-Hao Qiu, Milton Talukder, Xue-Nan Li, Jin-Long Li

Summary: DEHP exposure can cause liver damage in quails, resulting in lipid metabolism disorders and inflammatory response.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Biochar Adsorbents for Arsenic Removal from Water Environment: A Review

Arun Lal Srivastav, Tien Duc Pham, Sylvester Chibueze Izah, Nirankar Singh, Prabhat Kumar Singh

Summary: Arsenic intake can lead to various human health disorders, while biochar is an effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent for water purification. By modifying the surface of biochar, its adsorption capacity for arsenic can be significantly increased due to its high porosity and reactivity.The mechanisms of arsenic adsorption include complex formation, electrostatic behavior, and ion exchange.

BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase: A Curated Database of Ecologically Relevant Toxicity Tests to Support Environmental Research and Risk Assessment

Jennifer H. Olker, Colleen M. Elonen, Anne Pilli, Arne Anderson, Brian Kinziger, Stephen Erickson, Michael Skopinski, Anita Pomplun, Carlie A. LaLone, Christine L. Russom, Dale Hoff

Summary: ECOTOX is a curated compilation of ecotoxicity data that supports chemical safety assessments and ecological research. The latest version provides ecotoxicity data for over 12,000 chemicals and ecological species, aiding in the assessment, management, and research of environmental chemicals.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Toxicology

Hormesis in photosystem II: a mechanistic

Michael Moustakas, Julietta Moustaka, Ilektra Sperdouli

Summary: Hormesis in photosystem II is a dose or-time-response relationship that disrupts homeostasis, triggered by the non photochemical fluorescence quenching mechanism to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. A basal level of ROS is necessary for optimal plant growth, while a low increased level of ROS is beneficial for triggering hormetic responses.

CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Lipotoxicity-induced mtDNA release promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating the cGAS-STING pathway in obesity-related diabetes

Xiu Mei Ma, Kang Geng, Betty Yuen-Kwan Law, Peng Wang, Yue Li Pu, Qing Chen, Hui Wen Xu, Xiao Zhen Tan, Zong Zhe Jiang, Yong Xu

Summary: The cytosolic mtDNA-induced cGAS-STING activation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related DCM. Increased mtDNA in the cytosol is a result of excessive mitochondrial ROS production, leading to the activation of the cGAS/STING system and subsequent inflammation and apoptosis. Inhibition or knockdown of STING can effectively block the progression of DCM.

CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY (2023)

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Article Marine & Freshwater Biology

Biodegradable and conventional microplastics posed similar toxicity to marine algae Chlorella vulgaris

Yuanyuan Su, Zhiruo Cheng, Yipeng Hou, Shengyou Lin, Liu Gao, Zezheng Wang, Ruiqi Bao, Licheng Peng

Summary: It has been demonstrated that conventional and biodegradable microplastics have toxic effects on algae in marine ecosystems. Microplastics inhibit algae growth but also stimulate the production of stress defense mechanisms. The physicochemical properties and chemical changes of microplastics play significant roles in their inhibitory effects.

AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Polystyrene microplastics affect learning and memory in mice by inducing oxidative stress and decreasing the level of acetylcholine

Shuwei Wang, Qi Han, Zhaolan Wei, Yunyi Wang, Jing Xie, Mingqing Chen

Summary: This study found that exposure to microplastics can impair learning and memory functions by inducing oxidative stress and decreasing acetylcholine levels. Treatment with the antioxidant Vitamin E can restore the learning and memory abilities of mice.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Toxicology

Chronic exposure to polystyrene microplastics induced male reproductive toxicity and decreased testosterone levels via the LH-mediated LHR/cAMP/PKA/StAR pathway

Haibo Jin, Minghao Yan, Chun Pan, Zhenyu Liu, Xiaoxuan Sha, Chengyue Jiang, Luxi Li, Mengge Pan, Dongmei Li, Xiaodong Han, Jie Ding

Summary: Chronic exposure to microplastics can lead to reproductive abnormalities in mammals, including changes in testicular morphology, abnormal spermatogenesis, and interference with hormone secretion in the serum.

PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Hydrolytic transformation mechanism of tetracycline antibiotics: Reaction kinetics, products identification and determination in WWTPs

Shao-Fen Zhong, Bin Yang, Qian Xiong, Wen-Wen Cai, Zheng-Gang Lan, Guang-Guo Ying

Summary: This study investigated the hydrolytic transformation of four tetracycline antibiotics under different environmental conditions and identified their transformation products in wastewater treatment plants. The results showed that hydrolysis rates were influenced by environmental conditions and temperature, with some hydrolysis products exhibiting higher predicted toxicity than their parent compounds. These findings suggest that the hydrolysis products of tetracycline antibiotics should be included in environmental monitoring and risk assessment.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Resveratrol protected acrolein-induced ferroptosis and insulin secretion dysfunction via ER-stress- related PERK pathway in MIN6 cells

Xinhao Zhang, Liping Jiang, Huangben Chen, Sen Wei, Kun Yao, Xiance Sun, Guang Yang, Lijie Jiang, Cong Zhang, Ningning Wang, Yan Wang, Xiaofang Liu

Summary: Acrolein, a common food and environmental pollutant, induces ferroptosis in pancreatic beta cells, leading to dysfunction. Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a critical role in acrolein-induced ferroptosis. Resveratrol can alleviate ER stress and protect pancreatic cells from acrolein-induced damage.

TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

A novel paraoxon imprinted electrochemical sensor based on MoS2NPs@MWCNTs and its application to tap water samples

Omer Saltuk Bolukbasi, Bahar Bankoglu Yola, Havva Boyacioglu, Mehmet Lutfi Yola

Summary: Organophosphorus pesticides pose serious threats to human health and ecological balance. This study presents a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on a nanocomposite for selective determination of these pesticides in tap water.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

TMT induces apoptosis and necroptosis in mouse kidneys through oxidative stress-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome

Xiao-Jing Liu, Yu-Qi Wang, Shao-Qian Shang, Shiwen Xu, Mengyao Guo

Summary: This study demonstrates the toxic effects of trimethyltin chloride on mouse kidneys and its mechanism, including the activation of NF-kappa B pathway and induction of apoptosis and necroptosis through inflammasomes.

ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY (2022)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Removal of Arsenic by Wheat Straw Biochar from Soil

Abhishek Kumar, Tanushree Bhattacharya

Summary: Biochar prepared from wheat straw at different pyrolysis temperatures showed smooth and porous surface with abundant functional groups. The maximum arsenic removal of 83.7% was achieved under optimized conditions. Various studies indicated the feasibility of arsenic removal through physisorption, chemisorption, ion exchange, and diffusion mechanisms.

BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Faricimab: First Approval

Matt Shirley

Summary: Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that targets and inhibits both VEGF-A and Ang-2. It has received approvals for the treatment of nAMD and DME in the USA and is currently undergoing clinical development in other countries.

DRUGS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Quercetin and naringenin abate diethylnitrosamine/acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats: the roles of oxidative stress, inflammation and cell apoptosis

Osama M. Ahmed, Adel A. Ahmed, Hanaa Fahim, Mohamed Y. Zaky

Summary: This study demonstrates that quercetin and naringenin may alleviate hepatocarcinogenesis through enhancement of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and apoptotic actions.

DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Heavy metal and metalloid-induced reproductive toxicity

Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, Kaviyarasi Renu, Balachandar Vellingiri, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan

Summary: Studies have shown that heavy metals and metalloids have severe adverse effects on the human reproductive system, potentially leading to infertility. Moderate to minute quantities of lead may affect several reproductive parameters and even semen quality. Ecological and industrial exposures to heavy metals and metalloids have disastrous effects on the reproductive system.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

DEHP-induced mitophagy and mitochondrial damage in the heart are associated with dysregulated mitochondrial biogenesis

Hao Zhang, Yi Zhao, Jia-Gen Cui, Xue-Nan Li, Jin-Long Li

Summary: This study investigated the mechanism by which DEHP causes heart damage in quail. The results showed that DEHP induced heart damage and mitochondrial damage, which were associated with dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis.

FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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