Respiratory System

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Article Respiratory System

2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension

Marc Humbert, Gabor Kovacs, Marius M. Hoeper, Roberto Badagliacca, Rolf M. F. Berger, Margarita Brida, Jorn Carlsen, Andrew J. S. Coats, Pilar Escribano-Subias, Pisana Ferrari, Diogenes S. Ferreira, Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani, George Giannakoulas, David G. Kiely, Eckhard Mayer, Gergely Meszaros, Blin Nagavci, Karen M. Olsson, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Jennifer K. Quint, Goran Radegran, Gerald Simonneau, Olivier Sitbon, Thomy Tonia, Mark Toshner, Jean Luc Vachiery, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Marion Delcroix, Stephan Rosenkranz

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (an Update) and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in Adults An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline

Ganesh Raghu, Martine Remy-Jardin, Luca Richeldi, Carey C. Thomson, Yoshikazu Inoue, Takeshi Johkoh, Michael Kreuter, David A. Lynch, Toby M. Maher, Fernando J. Martinez, Maria Molina-Molina, Jeffrey L. Myers, Andrew G. Nicholson, Christopher J. Ryerson, Mary E. Strek, Lauren K. Troy, Marlies Wijsenbeek, Manoj J. Mammen, Tanzib Hossain, Brittany D. Bissell, Derrick D. Herman, Stephanie M. Hon, Fayez Kheir, Yet H. Khor, Madalina Macrea, Katerina M. Antoniou, Demosthenes Bouros, Ivette Buendia-Roldan, Fabian Caro, Bruno Crestani, Lawrence Ho, Julie Morisset, Amy L. Olson, Anna Podolanczuk, Venerino Poletti, Moises Selman, Thomas Ewing, Stephen Jones, Shandra L. Knight, Marya Ghazipura, Kevin C. Wilson

Summary: This article provides updates on the guidelines for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and addresses the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) other than IPF. The recommendations are based on consensus and systematic reviews, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for clinicians.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Oncology

The 2021 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors: Impact of Advances Since 2015

Andrew G. Nicholson, Ming S. Tsao, Mary Beth Beasley, Alain C. Borczuk, Elisabeth Brambilla, Wendy A. Cooper, Sanja Dacic, Deepali Jain, Keith M. Kerr, Sylvie Lantuejoul, Masayuki Noguchi, Mauro Papotti, Natasha Rekhtman, Giorgio Scagliotti, Paul van Schil, Lynette Sholl, Yasushi Yatabe, Akihiko Yoshida, William D. Travis

Summary: The 2021 WHO Classification of Thoracic Tumours focuses on the application of genetics and molecular pathology, providing specific classifications and diagnostic criteria for various tumors, while emphasizing new tumor features and concepts.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Global, regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: a systematic review and modelling analysis

Davies Adeloye, Peige Song, Yajie Zhu, Harry Campbell, Aziz Sheikh, Igor Rudan

Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) globally, regionally, and nationally, in order to guide policy and population interventions.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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News Item Critical Care Medicine

Omicron variant and booster COVID-19 vaccines

Talha Khan Burki

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Health outcomes in people 2 years after surviving hospitalisation with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study

Lixue Huang, Xia Li, Xiaoying Gu, Hui Zhang, LiLi Ren, Li Guo, Min Liu, Yimin Wang, Dan Cui, Yeming Wang, Xueyang Zhang, Lianhan Shang, Jingchuan Zhong, Xinming Wang, Jianwei Wang, Bin Cao

Summary: With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a study was conducted to characterize the longitudinal evolution of health outcomes in hospitalized survivors of COVID-19 over a period of 2 years. The study found that although most survivors recovered and returned to work within 2 years, a significant proportion of them experienced persistent symptoms and health problems. These findings emphasize the need for further research and interventions to understand and reduce the risk of long-term COVID-19.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition in previously hospitalised children using the ISARIC Global follow-up protocol: a prospective cohort study

Ismail M. Osmanov, Ekaterina Spiridonova, Polina Bobkova, Aysylu Gamirova, Anastasia Shikhaleva, Margarita Andreeva, Oleg Blyuss, Yasmin El-Taravi, Audrey DunnGalvin, Pasquale Comberiati, Diego G. Peroni, Christian Apfelbacher, Jon Genuneit, Lyudmila Mazankova, Alexandra Miroshina, Evgeniya Chistyakova, Elmira Samitova, Svetlana Borzakova, Elena Bondarenko, Anatoliy A. Korsunskiy, Irina Konova, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Gail Carson, Louise Sigfrid, Janet T. Scott, Matthew Greenhawt, Elizabeth A. Whittaker, Elena Garralda, Olivia Swann, Danilo Buonsenso, Dasha E. Nicholls, Frances Simpson, Christina Jones, Malcolm G. Semple, John O. Warner, Theo Vos, Piero Olliaro, Daniel Munblit

Summary: This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes in children previously hospitalized with COVID-19 and found that a quarter of children experienced persistent symptoms months after hospitalization. Older age and allergic diseases were associated with a higher risk of persistent symptoms at follow-up.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Global initiative for Asthma Strategy 2021: executive summary and rationale for key changes

Helen K. Reddel, Leonard B. Bacharier, Eric D. Bateman, Christopher E. Brightling, Guy G. Brusselle, Roland Buhl, Alvaro A. Cruz, Liesbeth Duijts, Jeffrey M. Drazen, J. Mark FitzGerald, Louise J. Fleming, Hiromasa Inoue, Fanny W. Ko, Jerry A. Krishnan, Mark L. Levy, Jiangtao Lin, Kevin Mortimer, Paulo M. Pitrez, Aziz Sheikh, Arzu A. Yorgancioglu, Louis-Philippe Boulet

Summary: The GINA Strategy Report provides clinicians with an evidence-based strategy for asthma management and prevention, with specific recommendations and treatment options for different age groups and severity levels. Regular personalized assessment, treatment of modifiable risk factors, and appropriate medication adjustment and review remain essential for optimizing asthma outcomes.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

ERS/ATS technical standard on interpretive strategies for routine lung function tests

Sanja Stanojevic, David A. Kaminsky, Martin R. Miller, Bruce Thompson, Andrea Aliverti, Igor Barjaktarevic, Brendan G. Cooper, Bruce Culver, Eric Derom, Graham L. Hall, Teal S. Hallstrand, Joerg D. Leuppi, Neil MacIntyre, Meredith McCormack, Margaret Rosenfeld, Erik R. Swenson

Summary: This article emphasizes the importance of accurately interpreting pulmonary function test results and updates the new standards and strategies for interpreting pulmonary function tests. It is necessary to combine clinical expertise and biological variability for interpretation to ensure an accurate understanding of individual pulmonary function measurements.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Global Initiative for Asthma Strategy 2021 Executive Summary and Rationale for Key Changes

Helen K. Reddel, Leonard B. Bacharier, Eric D. Bateman, Christopher E. Brightling, Guy G. Brusselle, Roland Buhl, Alvaro A. Cruz, Liesbeth Duijts, Jeffrey M. Drazen, J. Mark FitzGerald, Louise J. Fleming, Hiromasa Inoue, Fanny W. Ko, Jerry A. Krishnan, Mark L. Levy, Jiangtao Lin, Kevin Mortimer, Paulo M. Pitrez, Aziz Sheikh, Arzu A. Yorgancioglu, Louis-Philippe Boulet

Summary: The article summarizes key recommendations from GINA 2021 and the recent changes, highlighting the importance of not relying solely on short-acting beta(2)-agonists for asthma treatment and provides targeted treatment suggestions based on severity and age.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Oncology

First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced NSCLC: 4-Year Outcomes From the Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 3 CheckMate 227 Part 1 Trial

Luis G. Paz-Ares, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Tudor-Eliade Ciuleanu, Jong-Seok Lee, Laszlo Urban, Reyes Bernabe Caro, Keunchil Park, Hiroshi Sakai, Yuichiro Ohe, Makoto Nishio, Clarisse Audigier-Valette, Jacobus A. Burgers, Adam Pluzanski, Randeep Sangha, Carlos Gallardo, Masayuki Takeda, Helena Linardou, Lorena Lupinacci, Ki Hyeong Lee, Claudia Caserta, Mariano Provencio, Enric Carcereny, Gregory A. Otterson, Michael Schenker, Bogdan Zurawski, Aurelia Alexandru, Alain Vergnenegre, Judith Raimbourg, Kynan Feeney, Sang-We Kim, Hossein Borghaei, Kenneth John O'Byrne, Matthew D. Hellmann, Arteid Memaj, Faith Ellen Nathan, Judith Bushong, Phuong Tran, Julie R. Brahmer, Martin Reck

Summary: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab continues to demonstrate durable long-term efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC, with a significant improvement in overall survival compared to chemotherapy. Immune-mediated adverse events occur early but can be managed with guideline-based treatment. Discontinuation of nivolumab plus ipilimumab due to adverse events does not impact the long-term benefits seen in all randomized patients.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Persistent Exertional Intolerance After COVID-19 Insights From Invasive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Inderjit Singh, Phillip Joseph, Paul M. Heerdt, Marjorie Cullinan, Denyse D. Lutchmansingh, Mridu Gulati, Jennifer D. Possick, David M. Systrom, Aaron B. Waxman

Summary: Patients who have recovered from COVID-19 without cardiopulmonary disease experience a significant reduction in exercise capacity, which may be attributed to reduced systemic oxygen extraction and an exaggerated hyperventilatory response during exercise.

CHEST (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Fungal infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 during the first wave: the French multicentre MYCOVID study

Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Eric Dannaoui, Arnaud Fekkar, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Francoise Botterel, Nicolas De Prost, Jean-Marc Tadie, Florian Reizine, Sandrine Houze, Jean-Francois Timsit, Xavier Iriart, Beatrice Riu-Poulenc, Boualem Sendid, Saad Nseir, Florence Persat, Florent Wallet, Patrice Le Pape, Emmanuel Canet, Ana Novara, Melek Manai, Estelle Cateau, Arnaud W. Thille, Sophie Brun, Yves Cohen, Alexandre Alanio, Bruno Megarbane, Muriel Cornet, Nicolas Terzi, Lionel Lamhaut, Estelle Sabourin, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Stephan Ehrmann, Christophe Hennequin, Guillaume Voiriot, Gilles Nevez, Cecile Aubron, Valerie Letscher-Bru, Ferhat Meziani, Marion Blaize, Julien Mayaux, Antoine Monsel, Frederique Boquel, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Yves Le Tulzo, Philippe Seguin, Helene Guegan, Brice Autier, Matthieu Lesouhaitier, Romain Pelletier, Sorya Belaz, Christine Bonnal, Antoine Berry, Jordan Leroy, Nadine Francois, Jean-Christophe Richard, Sylvie Paulus, Laurent Argaud, Damien Dupont, Jean Menotti, Florent Morio, Marie Soulie, Carole Schwebel, Cecile Garnaud, Juliette Guitard, Solene Le Gal, Dorothee Quinio, Jeff Morcet, Bruno Laviolle, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux

Summary: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and candidemia in mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19, and a high mortality associated with pr/pb CAPA. These findings highlight the importance of active surveillance for fungal pathogens in patients with severe COVID-19.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study

Rachael A. Evans, Olivia C. Leavy, Matthew Richardson, Omer Elneima, Hamish J. C. McAuley, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Raminder Aul, Paul Beirne, Charlotte E. Bolton, Jeremy S. Brown, Gourab Choudhury, Nawar Diar Bakerly, Nicholas Easom, Carlos Echevarria, Jonathan Fuld, Nick Hart, John R. Hurst, Mark Jones, Dhruv Parekh, Paul Pfeffer, Najib M. Rahman, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Ajay M. Shah, Dan G. Wootton, Trudie Chalder, Melanie J. Davies, Anthony De Soyza, William Greenhalf, Neil J. Greening, Liam G. Heaney, Simon Heller, Luke Howard, Joseph Jacob, R. Gisli Jenkins, Janet M. Lord, Will D-C Man, Gerry P. McCann, Stefan Neubauer, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Joanna Porter, Jennifer Quint, Matthew J. Rowland, Janet T. Scott, Malcolm G. Semple, Sally J. Singh, Mark Toshner, Keir Lewis, Andrew Briggs, Annemarie B. Docherty, Steven Kerr, Nazir Lone, Aziz Sheikh, Mathew Thorpe, Bang Zheng, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Ewen M. Harrison, Louise Wain, Christopher E. Brightling

Summary: This study aimed to describe recovery one year after hospital discharge for COVID-19 and identify potential therapeutic targets by analyzing inflammatory profiles. The results showed that a significant proportion of patients did not fully recover one year after discharge. Female sex, obesity, and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with lower likelihood of full recovery. Inflammation and obesity may be treatable traits that need further investigation in clinical trials.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Oncology

Diminished Efficacy of Programmed Death-(Ligand)1 Inhibition in STK11- and KEAP1-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Is Affected by KRAS Mutation Status

Biagio Ricciuti, Kathryn C. Arbour, Jessica J. Lin, Amir Vajdi, Natalie Vokes, Lingzhi Hong, Jianjun Zhang, Michael Y. Tolstorukov, Yvonne Y. Li, Liam F. Spurr, Andrew D. Cherniack, Gonzalo Recondo, Giuseppe Lamberti, Xinan Wang, Deepti Venkatraman, Joao Alessi, Victor R. Vaz, Hira Rizvi, Jacklynn Egger, Andrew J. Plodkowski, Sara Khosrowjerdi, Subba Digumarthy, Hyesun Park, Nuno Vaz, Mizuki Nishino, Lynette M. Sholl, David Barbie, Mehmet Altan, John Heymach, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Justin F. Gainor, Matthew D. Hellmann, Mark M. Awad

Summary: STK11 and KEAP1 mutations have a negative impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma, but this effect is only observed in KRAS-positive tumors. Tumors with concurrent KRAS/STK11 and KRAS/KEAP1 mutations exhibit distinct immune characteristics.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Efficacy and safety of intramuscular administration of tixagevimab-cilgavimab for early outpatient treatment of COVID-19 (TACKLE): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Hugh Montgomery, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Francisco Padilla, Douglas Arbetter, Alison Templeton, Seth Seegobin, Kenneth Kim, Jesus Abraham Simon Campos, Rosalinda H. Arends, Bryan H. Brodek, Dennis Brooks, Pedro Garbes, Julieta Jimenez, Gavin C. K. W. Koh, Kelly W. Padilla, Katie Streicher, Rolando M. Viani, Vijay Alagappan, Menelas N. Pangalos, Mark T. Esser

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of tixagevimab-cilgavimab in preventing severe COVID-19 or death in non-hospitalized adults. The results showed that a single dose of tixagevimab-cilgavimab significantly reduced the risk of progression to severe COVID-19 or death, with favorable safety.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Efficacy and safety of baricitinib plus standard of care for the treatment of critically ill hospitalised adults with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an exploratory, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

E. Wesley Ely, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Cynthia E. Kartman, Stephanie de Bono, Ran Liao, Maria Lucia B. Piruzeli, Jason D. Goldman, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Sujatro Chakladar, Vincent C. Marconi

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of baricitinib plus standard of care in critically ill COVID-19 patients. The results showed that compared to placebo, treatment with baricitinib significantly reduced mortality at both 28 and 60 days. Additionally, there were no significant differences in ventilator-free days and hospitalization duration between the baricitinib and placebo groups.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort

Ashley K. Clift, Adam von Ende, Pui San Tan, Hannah M. Sallis, Nicola Lindson, Carol A. C. Coupland, Marcus R. Munafo, Paul Aveyard, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Jemma C. Hopewell

Summary: Analysis of UK Biobank data reveals a significant positive association between smoking and risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death, supporting a causal effect of smoking on severe COVID-19.

THORAX (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Comparison of the immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong

Chris Ka Pun Mok, Carolyn A. Cohen, Samuel M. S. Cheng, Chunke Chen, Kin-On Kwok, Karen Yiu, Tat-On Chan, Maireid Bull, Kwun Cheung Ling, Zixi Dai, Susanna S. Ng, Grace Chung-Yan Lui, Chao Wu, Gaya K. Amerasinghe, Daisy W. Leung, Samuel Yeung Shan Wong, Sophie A. Valkenburg, Malik Peiris, David S. Hui

Summary: The study found that vaccination with BNT162b2 induces significantly stronger humoral immune responses than CoronaVac. Additionally, BNT162b2 vaccine recipients had higher levels of antibody protection threshold. Age was negatively correlated with antibody levels post-vaccination. Both vaccines induced SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses, but CoronaVac elicited higher levels of structural protein-specific T-cell responses.

RESPIROLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

A single-arm study of sublobar resection for ground-glass opacity dominant peripheral lung cancer

Kenji Suzuki, Shun-ichi Watanabe, Masashi Wakabayashi, Hisashi Saji, Keiju Aokage, Yasumitsu Moriya, Ichiro Yoshino, Masahiro Tsuboi, Shinichiro Nakamura, Kenichi Nakamura, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Hisao Asamura, West Japan Oncology Group And Japan Clinical Oncology Group

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of sublobar resection for ground-glass opacity dominant peripheral lung cancer. The results showed that sublobar resection provided sufficient local control and relapse-free survival for eligible patients.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY (2022)

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