Respiratory System

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Article Respiratory System

A telerehabilitation programme in post-discharge COVID-19 patients (TERECO): a randomised controlled trial

Jian'an Li, Wenguang Xia, Chao Zhan, Shouguo Liu, Zhifei Yin, Jiayue Wang, Yufei Chong, Chanjuan Zheng, Xiaoming Fang, Wei Cheng, Jan D. Reinhardt

Summary: The study found that the telerehabilitation programme TERECO was superior to no rehabilitation in improving exercise capacity, lower limb muscle strength (LMS), and physical health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in COVID-19 survivors with remaining dyspnoea complaints.

THORAX (2022)

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Review Respiratory System

Cigarette smoke exposure and alveolar macrophages: mechanisms for lung disease

Sebastian T. Lugg, Aaron Scott, Dhruv Parekh, Babu Naidu, David R. Thickett

Summary: Smoking disrupts the function of alveolar macrophages, increasing the risk of acute lung injury and pulmonary infection.

THORAX (2022)

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Article Oncology

IMpower150 Final Exploratory Analyses for Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy in Key NSCLC Patient Subgroups With EGFR Mutations or Metastases in the Liver or Brain

Naoyuki Nogami, Fabrice Barlesi, Mark A. Socinski, Martin Reck, Christian A. Thomas, Federico Cappuzzo, Tony S. K. Mok, Gene Finley, Joachim G. Aerts, Francisco Orlandi, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Robert M. Jotte, Daniil Stroyakovskiy, Liza C. Villaruz, Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu, Darren Wan-Teck Lim, David Merritt, Shelley Coleman, Anthony Lee, Geetha Shankar, Wei Yu, Ilze Bara, Makoto Nishio

Summary: This study presents the final overall survival (OS) analyses for EGFR mutations and liver or brain metastases subgroups in the IMpower150 study. The results show that ABCP has sustained OS improvements compared to BCP in sensitizing EGFR mutations and baseline liver metastases subgroups. However, ACP does not provide a survival benefit in these subgroups compared to BCP. The study also suggests further investigation into the impact of ABCP on delaying the development of new brain lesions.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Camrelizumab Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as First-Line Treatment for Advanced Squamous NSCLC (CameL-Sq): A Phase 3 Trial

Shengxiang Ren, Jianhua Chen, Xingxiang Xu, Tao Jiang, Ying Cheng, Gongyan Chen, Yueyin Pan, Yong Fang, Qiming Wang, Yunchao Huang, Wenxiu Yao, Rui Wang, Xingya Li, Wei Zhang, Yanjun Zhang, Sheng Hu, Renhua Guo, Jianhua Shi, Zhiwu Wang, Peiguo Cao, Donglin Wang, Jian Fang, Hui Luo, Yi Geng, Chunyan Xing, Dongqing Lv, Yiping Zhang, Junyan Yu, Shundong Cang, Zeyu Yang, Wei Shi, Jianjun Zou, Caicun Zhou

Summary: This study demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of camrelizumab plus chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for advanced squamous NSCLC, with on-treatment ctDNA dynamics showing potential as a predictor of efficacy.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Long-term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma (TRAVERSE): an open-label extension study

Michael E. Wechsler, Linda B. Ford, Jorge F. Maspero, Ian D. Pavord, Alberto Papi, Arnaud Bourdin, Henrik Watz, Mario Castro, Natalia M. Nenasheva, Yuji Tohda, David Langton, Guido Cardona, Christian Domingo, Hae Sim Park, Kenneth R. Chapman, Xuezhou Mao, Yi Zhang, Asif H. Khan, Yamo Deniz, Paul J. Rowe, Upender Kapoor, Faisal A. Khokhar, Leda P. Mannent, Marcella Ruddy, Elizabeth Laws, Nikhil Amin, Megan Hardin

Summary: The study assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma over 96 weeks of treatment. The findings demonstrated good safety and efficacy during the study period, supporting the long-term use of dupilumab in this patient population.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Sleep Apnea-Specific Hypoxic Burden, Symptom Subtypes, and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality

Wojciech Trzepizur, Margaux Blanchard, Timothee Ganem, Frederic Balusson, Mathieu Feuilloy, Jean-Marc Girault, Nicole Meslier, Emmanuel Oger, Audrey Paris, Thierry Pigeanne, Jean-Louis Racineux, AbdelKebir Sabil, Chloe Gerves-Pinquie, Frederic Gagnadoux

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether symptom subtypes and OSA-specific hypoxic burden are associated with the risk of major adverse CV events in a clinical setting. The results showed that HB and overall nocturnal hypoxemia were the only predictors of MACE, with a stronger association seen in younger patients and women.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Oncology

The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Thymus and Mediastinum: What Is New in Thymic Epithelial, Germ Cell, and Mesenchymal Tumors?

Alexander Marx, John K. C. Chan, Lara Chalabreysse, Sanja Dacic, Frank Detterbeck, Christopher A. French, Jason L. Hornick, Hiroshi Inagaki, Deepali Jain, Alexander J. Lazar, Mirella Marino, Edith M. Marom, Andre L. Moreira, Andrew G. Nicholson, Masayuki Noguchi, Daisuke Nonaka, Mauro G. Papotti, Stefan Porubsky, Lynette M. Sholl, Hisashi Tateyama, Vincent Thomas de Montpreville, William D. Travis, Arun Rajan, Anja C. Roden, Philipp Stroebel

Summary: This article provides an overview of the new developments in the fifth edition of the WHO classification of thymic epithelial tumors, mediastinal germ cell tumors, and mesenchymal neoplasms, focusing on diagnostic, molecular, and conceptual advances. Diagnostic advances include immunohistochemical characterization and the identification of genetic translocations. Molecular and tumor biological advancements include the finding that thymomas and most thymic carcinomas lack currently targetable mutations, but typically have a PD-L1(high) phenotype. Additionally, conceptual advancements for the classification of thymic NETs are discussed.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical Effectiveness of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor in People with Cystic Fibrosis

David P. Nichols, Alex C. Paynter, Sonya L. Heltshe, Scott H. Donaldson, Carla A. Frederick, Steven D. Freedman, Daniel Gelfond, Lucas R. Hoffman, Andrea Kelly, Michael R. Narkewicz, Jessica E. Pittman, Felix Ratjen, Margaret Rosenfeld, Scott D. Sagel, Sarah Jane Schwarzenberg, Pradeep K. Singh, George M. Solomon, Michael S. Stalvey, John P. Clancy, Shannon Kirby, Jill M. Van Dalfsen, Margaret H. Kloster, Steven M. Rowe

Summary: The study demonstrates significant improvements in lung function, respiratory symptoms, and body mass index in CF patients using ETI therapy, regardless of their familiarity with modulators or prior drug use. Significant reductions in sweat chloride concentration were also observed, correlating with improved lung function in the overall study population.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Critical Care Medicine

Myopericarditis following COVID-19 vaccination and non-COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ryan Ruiyang Ling, Kollengode Ramanathan, Felicia Liying Tan, Bee Choo Tai, Jyoti Somani, Dale Fisher, Graeme MacLaren

Summary: The overall risk of myopericarditis after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine is low, but younger males have an increased incidence of myopericarditis, especially after receiving mRNA vaccines. However, the risks of such rare adverse events should be balanced against the risks of COVID-19 infection (including myopericarditis).

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021: Updated Pharmacological treatment of stable COPD

Marc Miravitlles, Myriam Calle, Jesus Molina, Pere Almagro, Jose-Tomas Gomez, Juan Antonio Trigueros, Borja G. Cosio, Ciro Casanova, Jose Luis Lopez-Campos, Juan Antonio Riesco, Pere Simonet, David Rigau, Joan B. Soriano, Julio Ancochea, Juan Jose Soler-Cataluna

Summary: The Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC) provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD, offering a more individualized approach tailored to the clinical characteristics and complexity level of patients.

ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant recipients: Immunogenicity and clinical experience

Yael Peled, Eilon Ram, Jacob Lavee, Amit Segev, Shlomi Matezki, Anat Wieder-Finesod, Rebecca Halperin, Michal Mandelboim, Victoria Indenbaum, Itzchak Levy, Leonid Sternik, Ehud Raanani, Arnon Afek, Yitshak Kreiss, Yaniv Lustig, Galia Rahav

Summary: This study investigated the safety and immunogenicity of a third dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine in heart transplant patients. The results showed that the third dose had a low rate of adverse events and elicited a strong immune response.

JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

ERS clinical practice guidelines: high-flow nasal cannula in acute respiratory failure

Simon Oczkowski, Begum Ergan, Lieuwe Bos, Michelle Chatwin, Miguel Ferrer, Cesare Gregoretti, Leo Heunks, Jean-Pierre Frat, Federico Longhini, Stefano Nava, Paolo Navalesi, Aylin Ozsancak Ugurlu, Lara Pisani, Teresa Renda, Arnaud W. Thille, Joao Carlos Winck, Wolfram Windisch, Thomy Tonia, Jeanette Boyd, Giovanni Sotgiu, Raffaele Scala

Summary: This article introduces the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with acute respiratory failure and provides corresponding clinical recommendations based on evidence. HFNC is a valuable noninvasive respiratory support intervention that can assist clinicians in choosing the most appropriate treatment method.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

COMPERA 2.0: a refined four-stratum risk assessment model for pulmonary arterial hypertension

Marius M. Hoeper, Christine Pausch, Karen M. Olsson, Doerte Huscher, David Pittrow, Ekkehard Gruenig, Gerd Staehler, Carmine Dario Vizza, Henning Gall, Oliver Distler, Christian Opitz, J. Simon R. Gibbs, Marion Delcroix, H. Ardeschir Ghofrani, Da-Hee Park, Ralf Ewert, Harald Kaemmerer, Hans-Joachim Kabitz, Dirk Skowasch, Juergen Behr, Katrin Milger, Michael Halank, Heinrike Wilkens, Hans-Juergen Seyfarth, Matthias Held, Daniel Dumitrescu, Iraklis Tsangaris, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf, Silvia Ulrich, Hans Klose, Martin Claussen, Tobias J. Lange, Stephan Rosenkranz

Summary: The study investigated a modified risk stratification approach based on four risk categories, using refined cutoff levels for functional class, 6MWD, and BNP/NT-proBNP. The four-stratum model was found to be more sensitive in predicting long-term survival and prognostic changes compared to the original three-stratum model.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Durability of BNT162b2 vaccine against hospital and emergency department admissions due to the omicron and delta variants in a large health system in the USA: a test-negative case-control study

Sara Y. Tartof, Jeff M. Slezak, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Fagen Xie, Bradley K. Ackerson, Srinivas R. Valluri, Luis Jodar, John M. McLaughlin

Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness and durability of two and three doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine against hospital and emergency department admissions due to the delta and omicron variants. The results showed that three doses of the vaccine provided high protection against both variants in the first 3 months after vaccination, but waning was observed against the omicron variant after 3 months. Additional doses of vaccines might be needed to maintain high levels of protection against future variants.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: risk factors, pathogenesis, and implications for prevention and treatment

Ian A. Yang, Christine R. Jenkins, Sundeep S. Salvi

Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only caused by smoking, but also related to non-smoking factors such as air pollution and occupational exposure. COPD in never-smokers has milder symptoms but frequent exacerbations.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Allergy

Asthma and risk of infection, hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality from COVID-19: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Anthony P. Sunjaya, Sabine M. Allida, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Christine Jenkins

Summary: This study found that the prevalence of asthma among COVID-19 patients is similar to the global prevalence of asthma. Overall findings suggest that people with asthma have a lower risk than those without asthma for acquiring COVID-19 and have similar clinical outcomes.

JOURNAL OF ASTHMA (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Worldwide rates of diagnosis and effective treatment for cystic fibrosis

Jonathan Guo, Anna Garratt, Andrew Hill

Summary: This study aims to identify gaps in access to cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment globally. The findings suggest that in some countries, disease-modifying drugs are not available, leading to unmet needs among CF patients. The study highlights the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment rates for CF.

JOURNAL OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS (2022)

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Review Respiratory System

Respiratory epithelial cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19

James P. Bridges, Eszter K. Vladar, Hua Huang, Robert J. Mason

Summary: COVID-19 infection in the lungs progresses through different stages with distinct characteristics, and effective therapy relies on the specific location and extent of infection. The virus targets different cell types in the conducting airways and gas exchange portions of the lung, requiring tailored therapeutic approaches. Alveolar infection can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and a hyperinflammatory state, necessitating specific therapies in severe cases.

THORAX (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Shape-Sensing Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Parenchymal Lesions

Or Kalchiem-Dekel, James G. Connolly, I-Hsin Lin, Bryan C. Husta, Prasad S. Adusumilli, Jason A. Beattie, Darren J. Buonocore, Joseph Dycoco, Paige Fuentes, David R. Jones, Robert P. Lee, Bernard J. Park, Gaetano Rocco, Mohit Chawla, Matthew J. Bott

Summary: This study provides comprehensive evidence on the feasibility and diagnostic yield of shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) in sampling pulmonary parenchymal lesions. ssRAB represents a significant advancement in accessing and sampling challenging lesions, while maintaining a high level of safety. Lesion size appears to be a major predictor for diagnostic procedures.

CHEST (2022)

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Article Oncology

Postoperative Chemotherapy Use and Outcomes From ADAURA: Osimertinib as Adjuvant Therapy for Resected EGFR-Mutated NSCLC

Yi-Long Wu, Thomas John, Christian Grohe, Margarita Majem, Jonathan W. Goldman, Sang-We Kim, Terufumi Kato, Konstantin Laktionov, Huu Vinh Vu, Zhijie Wang, Shun Lu, Kye Young Lee, Charuwan Akewanlop, Chong-Jen Yu, Filippo de Marinis, Laura Bonanno, Manuel Domine, Frances A. Shepherd, Lingmin Zeng, Ajlan Atasoy, Roy S. Herbst, Masahiro Tsuboi

Summary: The study findings indicate that adjuvant osimertinib can significantly improve disease-free survival in resected EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients, regardless of previous adjuvant chemotherapy.

JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY (2022)

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