Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Simon Jerome Han, Keith J. Ransom, Andrew Perfors, Charles Kemp
Summary: This study applies GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models to explore the differences between human and machine intelligence in the context of property induction. The results show that GPT-4 performs qualitatively similar to humans in most cases, with the exception of premise non-monotonicity. This research provides interesting comparisons and two large datasets for future studies.
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Vincent Frey, Julian Martinez
Summary: This study proposes a trust dynamics model based on a multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm, aiming to quantitatively understand the characteristics and behavior of interpersonal trust, and explore the relationship between trust and agent performance.
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Hamit Basgol, Inci Ayhan, Emre Ugur
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism behind event segmentation, the process of dividing experiences into discrete units. The researchers propose a computational model inspired by event segmentation theory and predictive processing, which successfully produces human-like event boundaries and representations.
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Hyun-Woong Kim, Katie E. Mclaren, Yune Sang Lee
Summary: There is an association between music and language, particularly rhythm and grammar skills in children. Exposure to regular musical rhythm can improve subsequent syntactic language performance in children. However, two experiments with English-speaking children did not find any rhythmic priming effect.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Shivant Kathusing, Natalie Samhan, Jan Treur
Summary: This paper introduces a fifth-order adaptive self-modelling network model to describe the role of epigenetics in the development of anxiety disorders and suggests a possible epigenetics-based therapeutic method.
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jarkko Hautala, Stefan Hawelka, Miia Ronimus
Summary: This study explored the development of word recognition processes in Finnish students in third and fourth grades with varying reading fluency. The results showed that improvements in reading fluency were associated with decreases in first fixation and refixation durations. However, students who were able to overcome this inhibitory effect by reading with shorter fixation durations and fewer fixations developed the most in reading fluency. The results suggest that the development of reading fluency is driven by increased efficiency in representing letter strings in working memory.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Fan Yang, Steven O. Roberts
Summary: Children's evaluations of nonconformity are influenced by nonconformists' group orientations, with nonconformity motivated by positive intentions towards the ingroup being more accepted. Children also have a more positive evaluation of nonconformists who bring the ingroup and the outgroup together.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jie Zhang, Xiyan Li, Shiwei Liu, Can Xu, Zhijie Zhang
Summary: In this study, electroencephalogram data was analyzed to compare the resting network activation between heavy media multitaskers (HMM) and light media multitaskers (LMM). The results showed that HMM had weaker activation in the attention network, but enhanced activation in the salience network. They also had an enhanced visual network and may feel less comfortable during resting-state periods. This suggests that chronic media multitasking leads to a bottom-up or stimulus-driven allocation of attention for HMM, while LMM use a top-down approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
John A. Dewey
Summary: This study compared subjective interval estimates to feelings of responsibility and found that participant involvement and choice impacted feelings of responsibility more than temporal estimates. Therefore, subjective interval estimates may not be a reliable proxy for feelings of responsibility.
CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Joshua Snell
Summary: This study revealed that readers are able to extract syntactic information from multiple words simultaneously in a very short period of time, as demonstrated by significant effects on response times and accuracy. This suggests that the brain can process higher-order linguistic information from multiple words in parallel.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Ruixue Xia, Xuerong Zhao, Yang Liu, Yan Dou, Zhenzhou Shu, Xiaohuan Ding, Xiaoqin Zhou, Jingjing Han, Xin Zhao
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in selective attention efficiency between children with low and high socioeconomic status (SES) and investigate the promotional effect of attention network training on selective attention in low-SES children. The results showed that high-SES children exhibited better selective attention and switch ability compared to low-SES children. After attention network training, significant improvements were observed in selective attention, switch ability, and working memory in low-SES children.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Daniela Alvarez-Vargas, Kreshnik Nasi Begolli, Marsha Choc, Lourdes M. Acevedo-Farag, Drew H. Bailey, Lindsey Richland, Andres Bustamante
Summary: In this study, the impacts of Fraction Ball on math language production and behavior of students and teachers were assessed. The results showed that playing Fraction Ball games resulted in increased use of fraction and decimal language, as well as number line arithmetic, by both students and teachers.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Justin Thomas, Carl Michael Gaspar, Fahad Al Beyahi, Bahiah Al Bassam, Yasmin Aljedawi
Summary: The prevalence of gaming disorder varies greatly between countries, with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern nations and lower rates in South and Central American countries. Several factors, including age, gender, parenthood, and education, are correlated with gaming disorder.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Kaichi Yanaoka, Felice van't Wout, Satoru Saito, Christopher Jarrold
Summary: This study aimed to investigate how prior task experience impacts the engagement of cognitive control in novel task environments. The results demonstrated that prior task experience influences the way individuals engage in similar task conditions and this influence can sometimes result in negative transfer. Furthermore, individuals also acquired knowledge about the temporal and hierarchical aspects of task goals.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Jesse H. Grabman, Chad. S. Dodson
Summary: Many studies have shown that competence influences an individual's ability to monitor their item-level performance. The debate about how to explain these individual differences in metacognition persists. This study investigated the competence-based account, the performance-based account, and the metacognitive awareness account. The results showed that objectively stronger face recognizers displayed better discrimination and calibration in confidence ratings compared to weaker recognizers. Additionally, participants with greater self-assessed ability used higher levels of confidence, regardless of trial accuracy. These findings support the competence-based account.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Markus Paulus, Jessica Caporaso
Summary: This article introduces the debate on the use of puppets and other simplified stimuli in developmental psychology, presenting both sides' key theoretical and methodological arguments. It also introduces a special issue that collects theoretical and empirical contributions on how children process puppets, dolls, and animated stimuli, as well as the benefits and challenges of their use in developmental research. Finally, the article suggests directions for further research.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
configuration Viacheslav Wolfengagen, Larisa Ismailova, Sergey Kosikov, Igor Slieptsov, Sebastian Dohrn, Alexander Marenkov, Vladislav Zaytsev
Summary: This paper proposes a configuration-based approach to knowledge extraction, which enhances the expressive power of semantic networks. By representing functions as objects, the central issues of nodes and links in knowledge-based systems are addressed. The model is applicable to representing morphing and considers objects as processes, aligning with current ideas in computing. The concept of information channels for process transformations is introduced. The potential for generating displaced concepts and their morph families is demonstrated.
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
James S. Magnuson, Anne Marie Crinnion, Sahil Luthra, Phoebe Gaston, Samantha Grubb
Summary: The modulation of perception by top-down feedback has significant implications for cognitive theories. This paper reviews the debate on feedback in spoken word recognition models, corrects misconceptions about computational demonstrations, and explains how interactive activation models improve word recognition through the joint effects of feedback and lateral inhibition.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sarah Coughlan, Jean Quigley, Elizabeth Nixon
Summary: The current study investigated the relationship between parent-infant conversations and the development of preterm-born and term-born infants at age 2. The results showed that parent-infant conversations were associated with both language and non-language development. The associations varied between preterm and term-born infants, suggesting different developmental processes. Furthermore, mother-infant and father-infant conversations had different contributions to infant development. To optimize language outcomes, families should tailor parent-infant conversations to the unique needs of preterm-born infants and leverage the contributions of both mothers and fathers.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Eileen Roesler, Meret Vollmann, Dietrich Manzey, Linda Onnasch
Summary: In two experiments focused on trust dynamics in human-robot interaction, the interplay between attribute-based characteristics (such as anthropomorphism and type of failure) of robots and trust attitude, perceived reliability, and trust behavior was explored. Findings showed that participants trusted technical robots more than anthropomorphic ones, and failures in information acquisition/processing led to more trust dissolution than failures in action implementation. However, there was no evidence of behavioral adaptation following failure experiences.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2024)
