Article
Physiology
Alannah K. A. McKay, Trent Stellingwerff, Ella S. Smith, David T. Martin, Inigo Mujika, Vicky L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Jeremy Sheppard, Louise M. Burke
Summary: This paper presents a 6-tiered Participant Classification Framework that can be used to classify individuals with different exercise backgrounds and athletic abilities. The framework can be applied prospectively and retrospectively in research, providing uniformity in classification practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Martin Kaag Rasmussen, Humberto Mestre, Maiken Nedergaard
Summary: The brain has the ability to shift its gears between wakefulness and sleep, with information processing and behavior dominating in wakefulness and homeostatic functions prevailing during sleep. The brain relies on the glymphatic system, a fluid system comprised of the cerebrospinal fluid and perivascular spaces formed by astrocytic vascular endfeet, to clear waste products and maintain homeostasis. This system is especially active during sleep, driven by the cardiac cycle, respiration, and slow vasomotion.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Amar D. Desai, Michael Lavelle, Brian C. Boursiquot, Elaine Y. Wan
Summary: This review article summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and proposed management algorithms for the various long-term sequelae observed in each organ system following infection with SARS-CoV-2. The potential impact of newer variants of the virus on long-term complications is also considered.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Joanne F. Garbincius, John W. Elrod
Summary: The uptake and extrusion of calcium into and from the mitochondrial matrix have significant effects on cellular metabolism, signaling, and survival. Disruption of mitochondrial calcium cycling is associated with various diseases and inherited neuromuscular disorders. This review provides an overview of the molecular machinery involved in calcium flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane and discusses the physiological implications and potential therapeutic interventions for diseases characterized by aberrant calcium handling. Critical unanswered questions regarding the biology of calcium flux are also highlighted.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Giuseppe Cirino, Csaba Szabo, Andreas Papapetropoulos
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an endogenous regulator in various physiological functions. It discusses the regulation, degradation, and elimination pathways of H2S enzymes, as well as the interactions between H2S and other endogenous molecules. Additionally, it outlines the biological targets, signaling pathways, and effects of H2S on cellular bioenergetics and metabolism. The article also reviews the available tools for studying H2S physiology and highlights the wide array of roles H2S plays in the regulation of organ functions.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Eva Crosas-Molist, Remi Samain, Leonie Kohlhammer, Jose L. Orgaz, Samantha L. George, Oscar Maiques, Jaume Barcelo, Victoria Sanz-Moreno
Summary: This review examines the role of Rho GTPase signaling in different stages of cancer progression, highlighting its importance in tumor initiation, proliferation, and metastasis, as well as its involvement in cell migration, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, and inflammation regulation.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatemeh BourBour, Samaneh Mirzaei Dahka, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Mohammad Esmail Akbari, Mahdi Shadnoush, Mohammad Haghighi, Hamidreza Taghvaye-Masoumi, Narjes Ashoori, Saied Doaei
Summary: This paper systematically reviews the impact of nutrients on the immune system and their potential role in the prevention, treatment, and management of COVID-19 in adults. The findings suggest that certain nutrients play an active role in enhancing the functioning of the immune system against viral infections, and supplementation with these nutrients may improve the health status of patients with viral infections.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Kellie A. Woll, Filip Van Petegem
Summary: Ca2+-release channels are membrane proteins that control the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum. They are activated by cytosolic Ca2+ and have a common architecture, with additional modules in the cytosolic region for ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Their regulation involves the binding of proteins and small molecules, with major triggers including IP3 and membrane depolarization. Electron microscopic studies have provided valuable insights into their structure and mechanisms, including the binding of auxiliary proteins, regulation of channel opening, and disease-associated mutations.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Simone Battaglia, Stefano Orsolini, Sara Borgomaneri, Riccardo Barbieri, Stefano Diciotti, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Summary: Understanding the transient dynamics of the autonomic nervous system during fear learning is crucial for the treatment of fear-related disorders. In this study, a novel frequency-domain analysis of heart rate was performed to investigate the physiological processes underlying fear learning. The results revealed that fear learning led to a transient heart rate deceleration and increased parasympathetic (vagal) activity, indicating the involvement of cardiac vagal dynamics in fear learning.
Review
Neurosciences
George A. Brooks, Jose A. Arevalo, Adam D. Osmond, Robert G. Leija, Casey C. Curl, Ashley P. Tovar
Summary: Lactate shuttling is essential in energy substrate production and distribution through cell-cell and intracellular shuttles. Mitochondrial respiration serves as the physiological pathway for lactate disposal, and repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise adapts processes like mitochondrial biogenesis.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Lisa K. Torres, Peter Pickkers, Tom van der Poll
Summary: Sepsis is expected to have a significant impact on public health and cost as its prevalence increases. Factors contributing to the increased prevalence include aging population, immunomodulatory treatments, and immune-suppressing therapies. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression has been recognized as a predisposing factor in susceptibility to secondary infections and mortality. This review discusses the mechanisms of sepsis-induced immunosuppression, biomarkers for impaired immunity, immune-enhancing strategies, and ongoing therapeutics in sepsis patients. Furthermore, future challenges and the need for personalized immunotherapy are highlighted.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
David A. Hartmann, Vanessa Coelho-Santos, Andy Y. Shih
Summary: This review synthesizes current knowledge on the control of blood flow in the brain's microvascular zones, including differences in blood flow between different vascular zones and the role of mural cells in blood flow control. However, many unresolved issues remain.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Jesus Delgado-Calle, Teresita Bellido
Summary: Osteocytes are multifunctional cells that can regulate bone homeostasis and play a role in various disorders affecting the skeleton. They are also targets and distributors of novel therapies.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Min Li, Zhimin Zhang, Boyi Liu, Li Chen, Menghe Wang
Summary: Research has shown that GAS5 can upregulate the expression of miR-214 through methylation pathway, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis in sepsis.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ishita S. Hiremath, Arul Goel, Sudha Warrier, Alan Prem Kumar, Gautam Sethi, Manoj Garg
Summary: The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial for various physiological processes and implicated in the development of several cancers. Different regulators of the pathway play essential roles in cancer development.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
David B. Hill, Brian Button, Michael Rubinstein, Richard C. Boucher
Summary: The mucus clearance system is the dominant mechanical defense system of the human lung, clearing mucus through cilia and airflow. Mucus transport rates are heavily dependent on mucus concentration and can be accurately predicted by a model. Fluid for mucus hydration is generated through epithelial fluid transport. Diseases can cause mucus hyperconcentration and obstructive plaques.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Elidie Beard, Sylvain Lengacher, Sara Dias, Pierre J. Magistretti, Charles Finsterwald
Summary: Astrocytes play a key role in regulating brain energy metabolism, and dysregulation of astrocyte-mediated metabolic pathways is involved in brain hypometabolism. This is a common feature in various neurological pathologies.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Diane B. Boivin, Philippe Boudreau, Anastasi Kosmadopoulos
Summary: Non-standard work schedules disrupt the circadian system and sleep of shift workers, leading to a higher risk of various medical conditions. Despite attempts to adapt, the circadian system remains resistant to transitioning from day to night schedules, resulting in internal desynchronization and disturbances in gene expression.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Sepideh Mirzaei, Sam Saghari, Farzaneh Bassiri, Rasoul Raesi, Ali Zarrabi, Kiavash Hushmandi, Gautam Sethi, Vinay Tergaonkar
Summary: Metastasis of tumor cells is a significant challenge in cancer patients, and the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B) plays a crucial role in regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The activation of NF-kappa B enhances the invasive properties of tumor cells through inducing EMT mechanism, and this has been confirmed in various cancers.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Junyung Park, Hyeon Seok Seok, Sang-Su Kim, Hangsik Shin
Summary: This review examines the use of photoplethysmogram (PPG) in clinical and daily life settings, focusing on its generation mechanisms, measurement principles, clinical applications, noise definition, pre-processing techniques, feature detection techniques, and post-processing techniques. The study finds that the application field of PPG is expanding from clinical to mobile environments, and machine learning-based methods hold promise for future solutions.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
