Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Luca Genchi, Sergey P. Laptenok, Carlo Liberale
Summary: Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a popular technique due to its linearity and lack of nonresonant background. However, there are other optical processes, such as nonlinear transient scattering and absorption, that can compromise the contrast and sensitivity of SRS.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Leykam, Dimitris G. Angelakis
Summary: Topological data analysis is a reliable and systematic method for computing abstract shapes of complex data sets, with applications in life and data sciences as well as growing interest among physicists. This article provides a concise review of its applications to physics and machine learning problems in physics, including unsupervised phase transition detection. The article also previews future research directions.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
F. Bencivenga, F. Capotondi, L. Foglia, R. Mincigrucci, C. Masciovecchio
Summary: The recent construction of free electron lasers has enabled the extension of laboratory-based laser experiments to shorter wavelengths, allowing access to nanoscale dynamics and providing element and chemical state specificity through electronic transitions. The high pulse energies available in this new wavelength range have been advantageously used for nonlinear optics, particularly in the field of transient grating spectroscopy. This technique has been successfully implemented using extreme ultraviolet photon pulses at the FERMI free electron laser, addressing various scientific questions and offering potential impact in fields such as thermal transport in semiconductors and ultrafast demagnetization at the nanoscale.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Saif Ur Rahman, Jiaen Wu, Hao Chen, Chengmei Sun, Ying Liu, Shanshan Xu
Summary: Understanding the relationship between tumors and their microenvironment is crucial for better understanding tumor progression and metastasis. Biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix must provide mechanical cues that cells receive from their 3D environment. Pore size is an important but less studied factor related to tumor invasion and migration. Electrospinning is a reliable technique for controlling the pore size of biomaterials. A comprehensive interpretation of ECM pore size contributes to a better understanding of its interaction with tumor progression and can be used as a promising target for cancer treatment.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Eric Collet, Giovanni Azzolina, Jelena Jeftic, Marie-Helene Lemee-Cailleau
Summary: We review different models developed to describe the thermal conversion process from low to high-spin states in spin-crossover (SCO) materials and the occurrence of cooperative conversions resulting from elastic interactions. There is a growing number of SCO materials exhibiting unusual thermal conversions when symmetry breaking occurs. To illustrate the importance of considering both phenomena, we review studies of the prototype [Fe(ptz)(6)](BF4)(2) system, which undergoes a single step thermal transition with hysteresis and shows a ferroelastic distortion from the high-spin high-symmetry (HShs) phase to the low-spin low-symmetry (LSls) phase at atmospheric pressure. Under pressure, sequential conversions occur on cooling from the HShs phase to a high-spin low-symmetry (HSls) phase, followed by a spin crossover towards the LSls phase.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alexey Melnikov, Mohammad Kordzanganeh, Alexander Alodjants, Ray-Kuang Lee
Summary: Quantum machine learning is a rapidly growing field that combines quantum technology and artificial intelligence. This review provides an overview of key approaches that can advance quantum technology development and enhance the power of artificial intelligence. It discusses quantum-enhanced algorithms, hybrid quantum-classical neural networks, error mitigation on noisy quantum devices, quantum advantage through the study of quantum walk processes, and the application of machine learning to enhance quantum hardware. The aim is to show how physics concepts can be practically translated into machine learning solutions using quantum software.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Si-Qi Liu, De-Kang Li, Jun Li, Hao Wang, Yun-Ting Bu, Jie Su, Jing Chen, Shi-Bo Cheng
Summary: As a special class of stable atomic clusters, superatoms have attracted attention as a research topic in recent decades. They can imitate the chemistry and physics of individual atoms and have potential applications in various fields. Traditional strategies for superatom design have limitations, and this review focuses on the discovery of novel methodologies, specifically external-field regulated strategies (EFRS). The benefits, challenges, and future research topics of EFRS are discussed.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Morgan Robinson, Carina T. Filice, Danielle M. McRae, Zoya Leonenko
Summary: The cell membrane is a thin, fundamental biological structure composed of various lipid types, forming small and dynamic lipid domains or rafts that play crucial roles in cell organization and communication. Understanding the functions of these lipid rafts is vital for studying important biological processes and membrane-associated diseases. Model membranes composed of synthetic lipids have been developed to mimic cell membranes and advanced microscopy techniques have significantly contributed to the study of nanodomains in these model membranes.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Sumukh Vaidya, Xingyu Gao, Saakshi Dikshit, Igor Aharonovich, Tongcang Li
Summary: Color centers in hBN, such as the V B - spin defects, have emerged as promising candidates for quantum applications due to their stability and 2D structure. These spin defects can be integrated into nanophotonic and plasmonic structures on a chip, providing a quantum interface between photons and electron spins for quantum sensing applications.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yan Lv, Yuxiao Wang, Xueying Ma, Yao Xu, Lin Wang, Xiaoyong Wang, Min Xiao, Chunfeng Zhang
Summary: This review focuses on the magneto-optical effects in lead halide perovskites and summarizes the experimental results and interpretations of various spectral peaks. The response of carrier spin precession and its interaction with the nuclear spin bath to an applied magnetic field is outlined, along with the magnetic-field effects in optoelectronic devices. The potential applications of perovskite family in quantum physics are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zixian Hu, Changxu Liu, Guixin Li
Summary: Metasurfaces, the planar version of artificial structured media at sub-wavelength scale, provide unprecedented capabilities in manipulating light waves. They have a wide range of applications in holography, imaging, optical communication, nonlinear light source, and quantum computing. This article reviews the mechanisms, characteristics, and applications of disordered metasurfaces, and discusses their potential as a promising alternative to ordered ones.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Asami Odate, Adam Kirrander, Peter M. Weber, Michael P. Minitti
Summary: Advances in FEL technologies have significantly contributed to various scientific fields, including ultrafast molecular dynamics. The ability to probe molecular motions via scattering provides direct structural information and complements traditional spectroscopic techniques. This review focuses on the achievements in ultrafast molecular dynamics since the first generation of FEL facilities, providing a brief history of gas-phase ultrafast scattering and discussing key upgrades in XRS and UED experiments that have enabled unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin Owen, Konstantinos Kechagidis, Sajad Razavi Bazaz, Romain Enjalbert, Erich Essmann, Calum Mallorie, Fatemehsadat Mirghaderi, Christian Schaaf, Krishnaveni Thota, Rohan Vernekar, Qi Zhou, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Holger Stark, Timm Krueger
Summary: Inertial Particle Microfluidics (IPMF) is a technology used for manipulating and separating microparticles and biological cells. This tutorial review provides a guide for researchers interested in simulating IPMF applications using the lattice-Boltzmann (LB) method, including the state of the art of LB-based IPMF modelling, physics of IPMF, related methods used in LB models, case studies of LB simulations for different IPMF scenarios, and proposed research directions.
ADVANCES IN PHYSICS-X
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Bart Horn
Summary: We investigate asymptotic symmetries that preserve the Bondi gauge conditions but do not preserve the asymptotic falloff conditions for the metric near the null boundary and their connection to soft graviton theorems for scattering amplitudes.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. Dalmazi
Summary: Modern massive gravity theories address the historical tension between the absence of mass discontinuity and the absence of ghosts by introducing a fine-tuned gravitational potential and a sophisticated screening mechanism. Linearized nonlocal theories with exponential terms offer a solution to these issues and can be further extended to non-linear completions.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Wojciech Krynski
Summary: This study focuses on dispersionless Lax systems and proposes a systematic method for deriving new integrable systems from existing ones. Several examples, including the dispersionless Hirota equation, the generalized heavenly equation, and equations related to Veronese webs, are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jose P. S. Lemos, Oleg B. Zaslavskii
Summary: In this study, we investigate a black hole surrounded by a hot self-gravitating thin shell in the canonical ensemble. Using the Euclidean path integral approach, we derive the quantum statistical mechanics partition function of this matter-black hole system and obtain the thermodynamics of the system. We find that the total entropy is solely determined by the gravitational radius of the system and is not affected by the black hole inside the shell. We also determine the free energy, thermodynamic energy, and the temperature stratification along the system. Additionally, we establish the first law of thermodynamics and analyze the thermodynamic stability of the system through the calculation of the heat capacity.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Fawzi Aly, Dejan Stojkovic
Summary: In this study, we investigate the behavior of perturbation waves in the Teukolsky equation using horizon-penetrating coordinates. We find that the radial functions satisfy physical boundary conditions and the Hertz-Weyl scalar equations preserve their characteristics in these coordinates. Using the angular equation, we construct the metric perturbation for a perturber orbiting a black hole in Kerr spacetime in a horizon-penetrating setting and provide an explicit formula for the metric perturbation.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Robert Monjo
Summary: This paper proposes a modified gravity model that can explain the excess rotation of galaxies and mass-discrepancy acceleration, and it adjusts well to experimental data.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ashkan Alibabaei, Philip K. Schwartz, Domenico Giulini
Summary: This study investigates the Dirac equation coupled to an external electromagnetic field in a four-dimensional curved spacetime with a given timelike worldline representing a classical clock. By using generalised Fermi normal coordinates and performing expansions, a weak-gravity post-Newtonian expression for the Pauli Hamiltonian of a spin-half particle in an external electromagnetic field is derived.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
(2023)
