Peripheral Vascular Disease

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Finerenone Reduces Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Analyses From the FIGARO-DKD Trial

Gerasimos Filippatos, Stefan D. Anker, Rajiv Agarwal, Luis M. Ruilope, Peter Rossing, George L. Bakris, Christoph Tasto, Amer Joseph, Peter Kolkhof, Andrea Lage, Bertram Pitt

Summary: Finerenone reduces the incidence of new-onset HF and improves other HF outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, regardless of a history of HF.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

ECG-Based Deep Learning and Clinical Risk Factors to Predict Atrial Fibrillation

Shaan Khurshid, Samuel Friedman, Christopher Reeder, Paolo Di Achille, Nathaniel Diamant, Pulkit Singh, Lia X. Harrington, Xin Wang, Mostafa A. Al-Alusi, Gopal Sarma, Andrea S. Foulkes, Patrick T. Ellinor, Christopher D. Anderson, Jennifer E. Ho, Anthony A. Philippakis, Puneet Batra, Steven A. Lubitz

Summary: The AI-based analysis of 12-lead ECGs has a similar predictive usefulness as a clinical risk factor model for incident AF, and the two approaches can complement each other.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Critical Reanalysis of the Mechanisms Underlying the Cardiorenal Benefits of SGLT2 Inhibitors and Reaffirmation of the Nutrient Deprivation Signaling/Autophagy Hypothesis

Milton Packer

Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors promote cellular housekeeping and enhance cellular protection, leading to reduced progression of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Clinical studies suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors enhance nutrient deprivation signaling, resulting in a lower risk of heart failure and serious renal events.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Semaglutide and Liraglutide on Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of SUSTAIN 6 and LEADER

Ahmed M. Shaman, Stephen C. Bain, George L. Bakris, John B. Buse, Thomas Idorn, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Johannes F. E. Mann, Michael A. Nauck, Soren Rasmussen, Peter Rossing, Benjamin Wolthers, Bernard Zinman, Vlado Perkovic

Summary: The study assessed the impact of semaglutide and liraglutide on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, showing significant kidney-protective effects with these medications and more pronounced effects in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Status of Cardiovascular Health in US Adults and Children Using the American Heart Association's New Life's Essential 8 Metrics: Prevalence Estimates From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013 Through 2018

Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Hongyan Ning, Darwin Labarthe, LaPrincess Brewer, Garima Sharma, Wayne Rosamond, Randi E. Foraker, Terrie Black, Michael A. Grandner, Norrina B. Allen, Cheryl Anderson, Helen Lavretsky, Amanda M. Perak

Summary: Overall cardiovascular health in the US population remains below optimal levels, with significant differences among different demographic groups, highlighting the need for monitoring and improving CVH.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Risk of Myocarditis After Sequential Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age and Sex

Martina Patone, Xue W. Mei, Lahiru Handunnetthi, Sharon Dixon, Francesco Zaccardi, Manu Shankar-Hari, Peter Watkinson, Kamlesh Khunti, Anthony Harnden, Carol A. C. Coupland, Keith M. Channon, Nicholas L. Mills, Aziz Sheikh, Julia Hippisley-Cox

Summary: Myocarditis is more common after SARS-CoV-2 infection than after COVID-19 vaccination. The risk of myocarditis is higher in younger men, especially after the second dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cerebral Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Future Directions

Jessica Magid-Bernstein, Romuald Girard, Sean Polster, Abhinav Srinath, Sharbel Romanos, Issam A. Awad, Lauren H. Sansing

Summary: This review article provides an overview of the epidemiology, cause, mechanisms of injury, current treatment strategies, and future research directions of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke has increased globally in the past 40 years, with changes in the cause over time due to improved hypertension management and increased use of anticoagulants. Preclinical and clinical trials have shed light on the underlying cause and mechanisms of injury from ICH, including the complex interaction between edema, inflammation, iron-induced injury, and oxidative stress. Although several trials have investigated the optimal medical and surgical management of ICH, there has been no clear improvement in survival and functional outcomes. Ongoing research into novel approaches for ICH management offers hope for reducing the devastating impact of this disease in the future.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Cuffless blood pressure measuring devices: review and statement by the European Society of Hypertension Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability

George S. Stergiou, Ramakrishna Mukkamala, Alberto Avolio, Konstantinos G. Kyriakoulis, Stephan Mieke, Alan Murray, Gianfranco Parati, Aletta E. Schutte, James E. Sharman, Roland Asmar, Richard J. McManus, Kei Asayama, Alejandro De la Sierra, Geoffrey Head, Kazuomi Kario, Anastasios Kollias, Martin Myers, Teemu Niiranen, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Jiguang Wang, Gregoire Wuerzner, Eoin O'Brien, Reinhold Kreutz, Paolo Palatini

Summary: Cuffless blood pressure devices have the potential to change the diagnosis and management of hypertension, but fundamental questions regarding accuracy, performance, and implementation need to be addressed before recommending them for clinical use.

JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Pregnancy and Reproductive Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Anna C. O'Kelly, Erin D. Michos, Chrisandra L. Shufelt, Jane V. Vermunt, Margo B. Minissian, Odayme Quesada, Graeme N. Smith, Janet W. Rich-Edwards, Vesna D. Garovic, Samar R. El Khoudary, Michael C. Honigberg

Summary: In addition to conventional risk factors, women also face sex-specific risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Key stages of a woman's reproductive history, such as early and late menarche, polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and absence of breastfeeding, are associated with increased future cardiovascular disease risk. The menopause transition period also represents an accelerated cardiovascular disease risk, with timing, mechanism, and symptoms of menopause playing a role. Differences in conventional risk factors explain some, but not all, of the observed associations between reproductive history and cardiovascular disease; further research is needed to understand hormonal effects and unique sex-specific mechanisms. A history of reproductive risk factors provides an opportunity for comprehensive screening, refinement of risk assessment, and implementation of prevention strategies to optimize women's long-term cardiometabolic health.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Vupanorsen on Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Statin-Treated Patients With Elevated Cholesterol: TRANSLATE-TIMI 70

Brian A. Bergmark, Nicholas A. Marston, Candace R. Bramson, Madelyn Curto, Vesper Ramos, Alexandra Jevne, Julia F. Kuder, Jeong-Gun Park, Sabina A. Murphy, Subodh Verma, Wojtek Wojakowski, Steven G. Terra, Marc S. Sabatine, Stephen D. Wiviott

Summary: The study found that vupanorsen significantly reduced non-HDL-C and triglyceride levels, and had an impact on ANGPTL3 levels. However, higher doses may lead to injection site reactions and elevated liver enzymes.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Colchicine in Cardiovascular Disease: In-Depth Review

Spyridon G. Deftereos, Frans J. Beerkens, Binita Shah, George Giannopoulos, Dimitrios A. Vrachatis, Sotiria G. Giotaki, Gerasimos Siasos, Johny Nicolas, Clare Arnott, Sanjay Patel, Mark Parsons, Jean-Claude Tardif, Jason C. Kovacic, George D. Dangas

Summary: Inflammation is a crucial factor in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, and anti-inflammatory medications can lead to better cardiovascular outcomes. Colchicine, a commonly available treatment for diseases like gout, has proven to have anti-inflammatory effects that are effective in treating a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. This article aims to summarize the pharmacodynamics of colchicine, its anti-inflammatory mechanism, evidence from clinical trials on its effectiveness in cardiovascular disease treatment, and ongoing studies. The article highlights the real-world implications of colchicine and its potential as a cost-effective addition to standard cardiovascular therapies.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Hematology

Intermediate-Dose versus Standard-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: 90-Day Results from the INSPIRATION Randomized Trial

Behnood Bikdeli, Azita H. Talasaz, Farid Rashidi, Hooman Bakhshandeh, Farnaz Rafiee, Parisa Rezaeifar, Elahe Baghizadeh, Samira Matin, Sepehr Jamalkhani, Ouria Tahamtan, Babak Sharif-Kashani, Mohammad Taghi Beigmohammadi, Mohsen Farrokhpour, Seyed Hashem Sezavar, Pooya Payandemehr, Ali Dabbagh, Keivan Gohari Moghadam, Hossein Khalili, Mahdi Yadollahzadeh, Taghi Riahi, Atefeh Abedini, Somayeh Lookzadeh, Hamid Rahmani, Elnaz Zoghi, Keyhan Mohammadi, Pardis Sadeghipour, Homa Abri, Sanaz Tabrizi, Seyed Masoud Mousavian, Shaghayegh Shahmirzaei, Ahmad Amin, Bahram Mohebbi, Seyed Ehsan Parhizgar, Rasoul Aliannejad, Vahid Eslami, Alireza Kashefizadeh, Paul P. Dobesh, Hessam Kakavand, Seyed Hossein Hosseini, Shadi Shafaghi, Samrand Fattah Ghazi, Atabak Najafi, David Jimenez, Aakriti Gupta, Mahesh V. Madhavan, Sanjum S. Sethi, Sahil A. Parikh, Manuel Monreal, Naser Hadavand, Alireza Hajighasemi, Majid Maleki, Saeed Sadeghian, Gregory Piazza, Ajay J. Kirtane, Benjamin W. Van Tassell, Gregg W. Stone, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Harlan M. Krumholz, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Parham Sadeghipour

Summary: A study showed that intermediate-dose compared with standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation did not reduce the risk of death, treatment with ECMO, or venous or arterial thrombosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19 at 90-day follow-up.

THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Catheter-based ultrasound renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension: the randomized, controlled REQUIRE trial

Kazuomi Kario, Yoshiaki Yokoi, Keisuke Okamura, Masahiko Fujihara, Yukako Ogoyama, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Hidenori Urata, Jin-Man Cho, Chong-Jin Kim, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Keisuke Shinohara, Yasushi Mukai, Tomokazu Ikemoto, Masato Nakamura, Shuichi Seki, Satoaki Matoba, Yoshisato Shibata, Shigeo Sugawara, Kazuhiko Yumoto, Kouichi Tamura, Fumiki Yoshihara, Satoko Nakamura, Woong Chol Kang, Taro Shibasaki, Keigo Dote, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Akiko Matsuo, Hiroshi Fujita, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Hyun-Jae Kang, Yasushi Sakata, Kazunori Horie, Naoto Inoue, Ken-ichiro Sasaki, Takafumi Ueno, Hirofumi Tomita, Yoshihiro Morino, Yuhei Nojima, Chan Joon Kim, Tomoaki Matsumoto, Hisashi Kai, Shinsuke Nanto

Summary: This study found no significant difference in ambulatory blood pressure reductions between renal denervation and a sham procedure in treated patients with resistant hypertension. Although the blood pressure reduction after renal denervation was similar to other sham-controlled studies, the unexpected greater reduction in the sham control group in this study highlights design issues that will be addressed in a new trial.

HYPERTENSION RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Does Timing of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Affect Prognosis in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator? Results From the Multicenter Randomized PARTITA Trial

Paolo Della Bella, Francesca Baratto, Pasquale Vergara, Patrizia Bertocchi, Matteo Santamaria, Pasquale Notarstefano, Leonardo Calo, Daniela Orsida, Luca Tomasi, Marcello Piacenti, Stefano Sangiorgio, Francesco Pentimalli, Etienne Pruvot, Joao de Sousa, Frederic Sacher, Massimo Tritto, Luca Rebellato, Thomas Deneke, Salvo Andrea Romano, Martina Nesti, Alessio Gargaro, Daniele Giacopelli, Giovanni Peretto, Andrea Radinovic

Summary: The study suggests that catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia after the first appropriate shock is associated with reduced risk of combined death or worsening heart failure hospitalization, lower mortality, and fewer ICD shocks.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

SGLT2 Inhibition via Empagliflozin Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Insights From Frail Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients

Pasquale Mone, Fahimeh Varzideh, Stanislovas S. Jankauskas, Antonella Pansini, Angela Lombardi, Salvatore Frullone, Gaetano Santulli

Summary: This study investigated the functional role of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in frail diabetic and hypertensive older adults. The results showed that empagliflozin improved cognitive function and gait speed, and reduced frailty in these patients. Mechanistically, empagliflozin reduced mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells.

HYPERTENSION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Polygenic Risk Scores for Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Jack W. O'Sullivan, Sridharan Raghavan, Carla Marquez-Luna, Jasmine A. Luzum, Scott M. Damrauer, Euan A. Ashley, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Cristen J. Willer, Pradeep Natarajan

Summary: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disability or premature death in adults, and efforts are being made to predict and mitigate the risks. Genetic characterization has emerged as a potential approach for early and personalized prevention. Advances in technology and methods have enabled population-based genetic profiling, leading to the identification of causal mechanisms and the development of polygenic risk scores. This scientific statement provides guidance for healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and patients regarding polygenic risk scores for cardiovascular diseases.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Editorial Material Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Adverse Event Classification: Clarification and Validation of the Society of Interventional Radiology Specialty-Specific System

Mark O. Baerlocher, Boris Nikolic, Daniel Y. Sze

JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Atrial Fibrillation and Dementia: A Report From the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration

Lena Rivard, Leif Friberg, David Conen, Jeffrey S. Healey, Trygve Berge, Giuseppe Boriani, Axel Brandes, Hugh Calkins, A. John Camm, Lin Yee Chen, Josep Lluis Clua Espuny, Ronan Collins, Stuart Connolly, Nikolaos Dagres, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Johan Engdahl, Thalia S. Field, Bernard J. Gersh, Taya V. Glotzer, Graeme J. Hankey, Joseph A. Harbison, Karl Georg Haeusler, Mellanie T. Hills, Linda S. B. Johnson, Boyoung Joung, Paul Khairy, Paulus Kirchhof, Derk Krieger, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Maja-Lisa Lochen, Malini Madhavan, Georges H. Mairesse, Joan Montaner, George Ntaios, Terence J. Quinn, Michiel Rienstra, Marten Rosenqvist, Roopinder K. Sandhu, Breda Smyth, Renate B. Schnabel, Stavros Stavrakis, Sakis Themistoclakis, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Ji-Guang Wang, Ben Freedman

Summary: Growing evidence suggests an association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive impairment and dementia, independent of stroke. The report provides guidance on investigating and managing dementia in AF patients based on the best available evidence. Further research is needed to determine the direct causal effect and explore potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Clonal Hematopoiesis Is Associated With Higher Risk of Stroke

Romit Bhattacharya, Seyedeh M. Zekavat, Jeffrey Haessler, Myriam Fornage, Laura Raffield, Md Mesbah Uddin, Alexander G. Bick, Abhishek Niroula, Bing Yu, Christopher Gibson, Gabriel Griffin, Alanna C. Morrison, Bruce M. Psaty, William T. Longstreth, Joshua C. Bis, Stephen S. Rich, Jerome Rotter, Russell P. Tracy, Adolfo Correa, Sudha Seshadri, Andrew Johnson, Jason M. Collins, Kathleen M. Hayden, Tracy E. Madsen, Christie M. Ballantyne, Siddhartha Jaiswal, Benjamin L. Ebert, Charles Kooperberg, JoAnn E. Manson, Eric A. Whitsel, Pradeep Natarajan, Alexander P. Reiner

Summary: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with an increased risk of stroke, particularly with hemorrhagic and small vessel ischemic stroke.

STROKE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Therapy of Cardiogenic Shock: Results of the ECMO-CS Randomized Clinical Trial

Petr Ostadal, Richard Rokyta, Jiri Karasek, Andreas Kruger, Dagmar Vondrakova, Marek Janotka, Jan Naar, Jana Smalcova, Marketa Hubatova, Milan Hromadka, Stefan Volovar, Miroslava Seyfrydova, Jiri Jarkovsky, Michal Svoboda, Ales Linhart, Jan Belohlavek

Summary: The ECMO-CS trial compared the effectiveness of immediate implementation of VA-ECMO and an initially conservative therapy in patients with rapidly deteriorating or severe cardiogenic shock. The results showed that immediate use of VA-ECMO did not improve clinical outcomes compared to the conservative strategy that allowed the use of VA-ECMO in case of worsening hemodynamic status. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of cardiac arrest, mortality, and adverse events between the two groups.

CIRCULATION (2023)

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