Peripheral Vascular Disease

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Connie W. Tsao, Aaron W. Aday, Zaid I. Almarzooq, Alvaro Alonso, Andrea Z. Beaton, Marcio S. Bittencourt, Amelia K. Boehme, Alfred E. Buxton, April P. Carson, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Kelly R. Evenson, Chete Eze-Nliam, Jane F. Ferguson, Giuliano Generoso, Jennifer E. Ho, Rizwan Kalani, Sadiya S. Khan, Brett M. Kissela, Kristen L. Knutson, Deborah A. Levine, Tene T. Lewis, Junxiu Liu, Matthew Shane Loop, Jun Ma, Michael E. Mussolino, Sankar D. Navaneethan, Amanda Marma Perak, Remy Poudel, Mary Rezk-Hanna, Gregory A. Roth, Emily B. Schroeder, Svati H. Shah, Evan L. Thacker, Lisa B. VanWagner, Salim S. Virani, Jenifer H. Voecks, Nae-Yuh Wang, Kristine Yaffe, Seth S. Martin

Summary: This article introduces the latest statistics on heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors published by the American Heart Association in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health. The Statistical Update includes data on a range of clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions and their associated outcomes. It serves as a critical resource for the general public, policymakers, healthcare professionals, researchers, and others seeking the best available data.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Paul A. Heidenreich, Biykem Bozkurt, David Aguilar, Larry A. Allen, Joni J. Byun, Monica M. Colvin, Anita Deswal, Mark H. Drazner, Shannon M. Dunlay, Linda R. Evers, James C. Fang, Savitri E. Fedson, Gregg C. Fonarow, Salim S. Hayek, Adrian F. Hernandez, Prateeti Khazanie, Michelle M. Kittleson, Christopher S. Lee, Mark S. Link, Carmelo A. Milano, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Alexander T. Sandhu, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Orly Vardeny, Amanda R. Vest, Clyde W. Yancy

Summary: The 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure provides patient-centric recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of heart failure, based on contemporary evidence and updated recommendations.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Jennifer S. Lawton, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Sripal Bangalore, Eric R. Bates, Theresa M. Beckie, James M. Bischoff, John A. Bittl, Mauricio G. Cohen, J. Michael DiMaio, Creighton W. Don, Stephen E. Fremes, Mario F. Gaudino, Zachary D. Goldberger, Michael C. Grant, Jang B. Jaswal, Paul A. Kurlansky, Roxana Mehran, Thomas S. Jr Jr Metkus, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Sunil Rao, Frank W. Sellke, Garima Sharma, Celina M. Yong, Brittany A. Zwischenberger

Summary: Additional digital content can be found in the text.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022

Valery L. Feigin, Michael Brainin, Bo Norrving, Sheila Martins, Ralph L. Sacco, Werner Hacke, Marc Fisher, Jeyaraj Pandian, Patrice Lindsay

Summary: Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It imposes a significant economic burden, particularly in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries. The provided information serves as an updated resource for communication with stakeholders.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Jennifer S. Lawton, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Sripal Bangalore, Eric R. Bates, Theresa M. Beckie, James M. Bischoff, John A. Bittl, Mauricio G. Cohen, J. Michael DiMaio, Creighton W. Don, Stephen E. Fremes, Mario F. Gaudino, Zachary D. Goldberger, Michael C. Grant, Jang B. Jaswal, Paul A. Kurlansky, Roxana Mehran, Thomas S. Jr Jr Metkus, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Sunil Rao, Frank W. Sellke, Garima Sharma, Celina M. Yong, Brittany A. Zwischenberger

Summary: The executive summary of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions coronary artery revascularization guideline provides a patient-centric approach to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with significant coronary artery disease. This summary includes the top 10 take-home messages from the full guideline, along with recommendations, tables, and figures.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Norrina B. Allen, Cheryl A. M. Anderson, Terrie Black, LaPrincess C. Brewer, Randi E. Foraker, Michael A. Grandner, Helen Lavretsky, Amanda Marma Perak, Garima Sharma, Wayne Rosamond

Summary: In 2010, the American Heart Association introduced a new concept of cardiovascular health, aiming to shift focus from disease treatment to health promotion and preservation. However, subsequent evidence revealed limitations in the original approach, leading the association to convene a writing group to recommend enhancements and updates. This article introduces an enhanced approach to assessing cardiovascular health, called Life's Essential 8, which evaluates an individual's cardiovascular health.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Review Hematology

Adherence to the 'Atrial Fibrillation Better Care' Pathway in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Impact on Clinical Outcomes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 285,000 Patients

Giulio Francesco Romiti, Daniele Pastori, Jose Miguel Rivera-Caravaca, Wern Yew Ding, Ying Xuan Gue, Danilo Menichelli, Jakub Gumprecht, Monika Koziel, Pil-Sung Yang, Yutao Guo, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Marco Proietti

Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the use of the ABC pathway in patients with atrial fibrillation showed suboptimal adherence at 21%, but adherence was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, stroke, and major bleeding. Comorbidities and longer follow-up were identified as factors affecting heterogeneity and effectiveness of the pathway.

THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Connie W. Tsao, Aaron W. Aday, Zaid I. Almarzooq, Cheryl A. M. Anderson, Pankaj Arora, Christy L. Avery, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Andrea Z. Beaton, Amelia K. Boehme, Alfred E. Buxton, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Kelly R. Evenson, Chete Eze-Nliam, Setri Fugar, Giuliano Generoso, Debra G. Heard, Swapnil Hiremath, Jennifer E. Ho, Rizwan Kalani, Dhruv S. Kazi, Darae Ko, Deborah A. Levine, Junxiu Liu, Jun Ma, Jared W. Magnani, Erin D. Michos, Michael E. Mussolino, Sankar D. Navaneethan, Nisha I. Parikh, Remy Poudel, Mary Rezk-Hanna, Gregory A. Roth, Nilay S. Shah, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Evan L. Thacker, Salim S. Virani, Jenifer H. Voeks, Nae-Yuh Wang, Nathan D. Wong, Sally S. Wong, Kristine Yaffe, Seth S. Martin

Summary: The American Heart Association, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health, releases annual statistics on heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors. The Statistical Update provides the latest data on various heart and circulatory diseases and their outcomes, as well as information on core health behaviors and factors contributing to cardiovascular health.

CIRCULATION (2023)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Eric M. Isselbacher, Ourania Preventza, James Hamilton Black, John G. Augoustides, Adam W. Beck, Michael A. Bolen, Alan C. Braverman, Bruce E. Bray, Maya M. Brown-Zimmerman, Edward P. Chen, Tyrone J. Collins, Abe DeAnda, Christina L. Fanola, Leonard N. Girardi, Caitlin W. Hicks, Dawn S. Hui, William Schuyler Jones, Vidyasagar Kalahasti, Karen M. Kim, Dianna M. Milewicz, Gustavo S. Oderich, Laura Ogbechie, Susan B. Promes, Elsie Gyang Ross, Marc L. Schermerhorn, Sabrina Singleton Times, Elaine E. Tseng, Grace J. Wang, Y. Joseph Woo

Summary: The 2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease provides recommendations for clinicians on the diagnosis, genetic evaluation, medical therapy, endovascular and surgical treatment, and long-term surveillance of patients with various clinical presentations of aortic disease. The guideline emphasizes the importance of shared decision making and institutional interventional volume and multidisciplinary expertise in the care of patients with aortic disease.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Steven M. Greenberg, Wendy C. Ziai, Charlotte Cordonnier, Dar Dowlatshahi, Brandon Francis, Joshua N. Goldstein, J. Claude Hemphill, Ronda Johnson, Kiffon M. Keigher, William J. Mack, J. Mocco, Eileena J. Newton, Ilana M. Ruff, Lauren H. Sansing, Sam Schulman, Magdy H. Selim, Kevin N. Sheth, Nikola Sprigg, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen

STROKE (2022)

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Review Hematology

2021 Focused Update Consensus Guidelines of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society on Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary *

Tze-Fan Chao, Boyoung Joung, Yoshihide Takahashi, Toon Wei Lim, Eue-Keun Choi, Yi-Hsin Chan, Yutao Guo, Charn Sriratanasathavorn, Seil Oh, Ken Okumura, Gregory Y. H. Lip

Summary: The consensus on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation by the APHRS in 2017 provided clinical guidance for healthcare professionals in the Asia-Pacific region. The updated 2021 focused update highlighted issues such as the AF Better Care pathway, advantages of NOACs for Asians, and the use of oral anticoagulants during the COVID-19 pandemic. While acknowledging gaps and uncertainties in current knowledge of AF, the importance of physician's decision-making in AF management was emphasized.

THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

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Article Surgery

European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2022 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Limbs

Marianne G. De Maeseneer, Stavros K. Kakkos, Thomas Aherne, Niels Baekgaard, Stephen Black, Lena Blomgren, Athanasios Giannoukas, Manjit Gohel, Rick de Graaf, Claudine Hamel-Desnos, Arkadiusz Jawien, Aleksandra Jaworucka-Kaczorowska, Christopher R. Lattimer, Giovanni Mosti, Thomas Noppeney, Marie Josee van Rijn, Gerry Stansby, Philippe Kolh, Frederico Bastos Goncalves, Nabil Chakfe, Raphael Coscas, Gert J. de Borst, Nuno Dias, Robert J. Hinchliffe, Igor B. Koncar, Jes S. Lindholt, Santi Trimarchi, Riikka Tulamo, Christopher P. Twine, Frank Vermassen, Anders Wanhainen, Martin Bjorck, Nicos Labropoulos, Fedor Lurie, Armando Mansilha, Isaac K. Nyamekye, Marta Ramirez Ortega, Jorge H. Ulloa, Tomasz Urbanek, Andre M. van Rij, Marc E. Vuylsteke

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF VASCULAR AND ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY (2022)

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Article Surgery

Society for Vascular Surgery clinical practice guidelines for management of extracranial cerebrovascular disease

Ali F. AbuRahma, Efthymios D. Avgerinos, Robert W. Chang, R. Clement Darling, Audra A. Duncan, Thomas L. Forbes, Mahmoud B. Malas, Mohammad Hassan Murad, Bruce Alan Perler, Richard J. Powell, Caron B. Rockman, Wei Zhou

Summary: Management of carotid bifurcation stenosis in stroke prevention has been extensively studied, recommending CEA as the primary treatment. For symptomatic low-risk patients, carotid intervention should be performed within 48 hours to 14 days of symptom onset. Screening for clinically asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general population is not recommended.

JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY (2022)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice*

Laura A. Magee, Mark A. Brown, David R. Hall, Sanjay Gupte, Annemarie Hennessy, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Louise C. Kenny, Fergus McCarthy, Jenny Myers, Liona C. Poon, Sarosh Rana, Shigeru Saito, Anne Cathrine Staff, Eleni Tsigas, Peter von Dadelszen

Summary: Uniform departmental management protocols should be maintained for managing hypertensive pregnant women, and regular audits of maternal and fetal outcomes should be conducted. The cause and optimal clinical management of pre-eclampsia and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain uncertain, therefore, it is recommended that every hypertensive pregnant woman be given the opportunity to participate in research, clinical trials, and follow-up studies.

PREGNANCY HYPERTENSION-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMENS CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH (2022)

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Review Hematology

Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Gissette Reyes-Soffer, Henry N. Ginsberg, Lars Berglund, P. Barton Duell, Sean P. Heffron, Pia R. Kamstrup, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Santica M. Marcovina, Calvin Yeang, Marlys L. Koschinsky

Summary: High levels of Lp(a) are an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Genetic factors determine 70% to 90% of interindividual heterogeneity in Lp(a) levels. There is a lack of standardized assays, diagnostic guidelines, and targeted treatments for lowering Lp(a). Understanding the genetic and biological basis for variation in Lp(a) levels in different populations is crucial.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Paul A. Heidenreich, Biykem Bozkurt, David Aguilar, Larry A. Allen, Joni J. Byun, Monica M. Colvin, Anita Deswal, Mark H. Drazner, Shannon M. Dunlay, Linda R. Evers, James C. Fang, Savitri E. Fedson, Gregg C. Fonarow, Salim S. Hayek, Adrian F. Hernandez, Prateeti Khazanie, Michelle M. Kittleson, Christopher S. Lee, Mark S. Link, Carmelo A. Milano, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Alexander T. Sandhu, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Orly Vardeny, Amanda R. Vest, Clyde W. Yancy

Summary: The 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure is an updated version of the 2013 and 2017 guidelines, aiming to provide patient-centric recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of heart failure. This guideline is based on contemporary evidence and presents an evidence-based approach to improve quality of care and align with patients' interests.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Comprehensive Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Joshua J. Joseph, Prakash Deedwania, Tushar Acharya, David Aguilar, Deepak L. Bhatt, Deborah A. Chyun, Katherine E. Di Palo, Sherita H. Golden, Laurence S. Sperling

Summary: This scientific statement highlights the importance of controlling cardiovascular risk factors in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. It analyzes how newer antihyperglycemic agents, blood pressure control, and lipid-lowering therapies can improve glycemic control and prevent cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of lifestyle interventions, pharmacological therapy, and surgical interventions in managing obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are important precursors of diabetes and comorbid cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, it explores the critical role of social determinants of health and health equity in the continuum of care for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Hypertension in Pregnancy: Diagnosis, Blood Pressure Goals, and Pharmacotherapy: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Vesna D. Garovic, Ralf Dechend, Thomas Easterling, Ananth Karumanchi, Suzanne McMurtry Baird, Laura A. Magee, Sarosh Rana, Jane V. Vermunt, Phyllis August, Vice Chair

Summary: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality for both mothers and fetuses worldwide. This report reviews the current literature on HDP, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment guidelines, and associated complications.

HYPERTENSION (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Neuroinflammation, Stroke, Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction, and Imaging Modalities

Eduardo Candelario-Jalil, Rick M. Dijkhuizen, Tim Magnus

Summary: The role of neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke pathology and its interactions with central nervous system and peripheral immune responses are critically discussed. Neuroinflammation is associated with blood-brain barrier breakdown, neuronal injury, and worse neurological outcomes during acute phase of stroke.

STROKE (2022)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Hypertension Pharmacological Treatment in Adults: A World Health Organization Guideline Executive Summary

Akram Al-Makki, Donald DiPette, Paul K. Whelton, M. Hassan Murad, Reem A. Mustafa, Shrish Acharya, Hind Mamoun Beheiry, Beatriz Champagne, Kenneth Connell, Marie Therese Cooney, Nnenna Ezeigwe, Thomas Andrew Gaziano, Agaba Gidio, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Unab I. Khan, Vindya Kumarapeli, Andrew E. Moran, Margaret Mswema Silwimba, Brian Rayner, Apichard Sukonthasan, Jing Yu, Nizal Saraffzadegan, K. Srinath Reddy, Taskeen Khan

Summary: Hypertension is a major global cause of cardiovascular disease and deaths, with less than 14% of patients having controlled blood pressure. The World Health Organization has developed new guidelines for pharmacological treatment of hypertension in nonpregnant adults, including thresholds, targets, follow-up intervals, and healthcare worker involvement.

HYPERTENSION (2022)

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