Pathology

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Review Pathology

Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Long COVID-19

Alain C. Borczuk

Summary: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory illness that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome. While most patients recover completely, some may experience persistent respiratory dysfunction, known as long COVID. The pathogenesis involves immune and cellular disturbances.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Pathology

Focal cortical dysplasia is a frequent coexistent pathology in patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis

Georgi Galev, Richard A. Prayson

ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Pathology

Prognostic implications of synaptophysin, CD56, thyroid transcription factor-1, and Ki-67 in pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas

Yulong He, Lei Zhao, Xiaorong Tang, Qinling Jiang, Xianling Zhao, Yilin Cao

Summary: This study explores the correlation between the expression of immunohistochemical markers and clinicopathological characteristics of pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNEC), and its impact on clinical outcomes. The results suggest that positive expression of certain markers is associated with reduced survival in HGNEC patients, and tumor stage is an important predictive factor for prognosis.

ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Pathology

Granulomatous lobular mastitis co-existing with ductal carcinoma in situ: Report of three cases and review of the literature

Jianmin Zhu, Xiuming Miao, Xin Li, Yang Zhang, Yuan Lou, Hanhan Chen, Xiaofei Liu

Summary: Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and benign chronic breast disease that can be mistaken for early-onset breast cancer. This report describes three cases in which GLM coexisted with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), highlighting how GLM may obscure the presence of concurrent DCIS based on clinical imaging and manifestations.

ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Pathology

Comparative expression of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2) in the different molecular subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study of 94 therapy-naive primary breast tumors

Richard B. Mertens, Elias P. Makhoul, Xiaomo Li, Farnaz Dadmanesh

Summary: This study compared the expression of TROP2 in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and found that a majority of carcinomas in each subtype showed intermediate to high levels of TROP2 expression with a wide range of expression. These observations support further investigation of the efficacy of sacituzumab govitecan in all molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma. The wide range of TROP2 expression suggests its potential utility as a biomarker for predicting responsiveness to sacituzumab govitecan. Immunohistochemical staining for TROP2 is critical for identifying patients who are completely negative for TROP2 and may be least likely or unlikely to respond to this agent.

ANNALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Alternative Tissue Fixation Protocols Dramatically Reduce the Impact of DNA Artifacts, Unraveling the Interpretation of Clinical Comprehensive Genomic Profiling

Enrico Berrino, Sara Erika Bellomo, Anita Chesta, Paolo Detillo, Alberto Bragoni, Amedeo Gagliardi, Alessio Naccarati, Matteo Cereda, Gianluca Witel, Anna Sapino, Benedetta Bussolati, Gianni Bussolati, Caterina Marchi

Summary: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are crucial for tissue-based analysis in precision medicine, but the quality of these samples can affect the reliability of sequencing data. The use of acid-deprived fixatives guarantees the highest DNA preservation and sequencing performance, enabling more complex molecular profiling of tissue samples.

LABORATORY INVESTIGATION (2024)

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Article Pathology

The use of Clinicopathological, immunohistochemistry and molecular detection in the diagnosis of fumarate hydratase-deficient uterine leiomyomas

Xiaobo Zhang, Chen Wang, Danhua Shen

Summary: This study investigated the Clinicopathological features and FH mutation in FH-dUL. FH-dUL is rare and the combination of predictive Clinicopathological evaluation, FH and 2SC IHC test, and molecular test were helpful for the screening of FH-dUL or even HLRCC.

PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2024)

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Article Pathology

Analysis of B7-H4 Expression Across Salivary Gland Carcinomas Reveals Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma-Specific Prognostic Relevance

Juliana Mota Siqueira, Yoshitsugu Mitani, Camilla Oliveira Hoff, Flavia Bonini, Luana Guimaraes de Sousa, Mario L. Marques-Piubelli, Anurag Purushothaman, Mutsumi Mitani, Hui Dai, Shiaw-Yih Lin, Michael T. Spiotto, Ehab Y. Hanna, Daniel J. McGrail, Adel K. El-Naggar, Renata Ferrarotto

Summary: B7-H4 expression pattern varies among different types of salivary gland carcinomas, and high B7-H4 expression is associated with poor prognosis in adenoid cystic carcinoma.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

GDF5 deficiency prevents cardiac rupture following acute myocardial infarction in mice

Eric A. Shikatani, Tao Wang, Luke S. Dingwell, Colin White-Dzuro, Abdul Momen, Mansoor Husain

Summary: This study found that GDF5 deficiency can reduce the incidence of cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction and improve survival rates in mice. Additionally, GDF5 deficiency leads to increased myocardial fibrosis and decreased afterload. However, it also results in the occurrence of chronic adverse remodeling.

CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Digital pathology in cardiac transplant diagnostics: from biopsies to algorithms

Martin Kveton, Lukas Hudec, Ivan Vykopal, Matej Halinkovic, Miroslav Laco, Andrea Felsoova, Wanda Benesova, Ondrej Fabian

Summary: This comprehensive review explores the transformative role of digital pathology and computational pathology, especially through machine learning, in the field of heart transplantation. These methodologies have the potential to enhance diagnostic outcomes and reduce observer variability by extracting valuable information from large datasets beyond human perceptual capabilities. However, challenges such as limited sample sizes, diverse data sources, and the absence of standardized protocols hinder the widespread adoption of these techniques.

CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Review Pathology

Unraveling the role of Xist RNA in cardiovascular pathogenesis

Waleed Hassan Almalki

Summary: Understanding the molecular pathways behind cardiovascular illnesses is crucial. Recent studies have revealed the role of Xist RNA in cardiovascular diseases, including epigenetic changes, gene expression, cellular identity, and sex chromosomal inactivation. Dysregulation of Xist RNA expression is associated with conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis.

PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2024)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Characteristics of Lambl excrescences of aortic and pulmonary valves in healthy hearts

Abhinav Goyal, Andrew J. Layman, Melanie C. Bois, Joseph J. Maleszewski

Summary: This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of Lambl excrescences (LEs) in 403 healthy human hearts and found that the prevalence of LEs in healthy hearts is far lower than previously reported.

CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Pathology

PPY-cell hyperplasia accompanying NENs: Immunohistochemical and nuclear medicine analysis

P. Suhaj, D. Do, T. Olejar, R. Pichova, O. Lang, R. Matej

Summary: Pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia (PPY-H) is a multiplication of neuroendocrine cells producing pancreatic polypeptide (PPY). The development and role of PPY-H still need to be further elucidated. This study analyzed 12 cases of PPY-H accompanying pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasias (NEN) and found that gastrointestinal symptoms may be more related to PPY-H rather than NEN hormonal production. Strong SSTR2 expression in PPY-H suggests the potential utility of radiotracers in clinical diagnostics, but further studies are needed.

PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2024)

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Article Pathology

Pathologic Processing of Lung Cancer Resection Specimens After Neoadjuvant Therapy

Annikka Weissferdt, Cheuk H. Leung, Heather Lin, Boris Sepesi, William N. William, Stephen G. Swisher, Tina Cascone, J. Jack Lee, Abujiang Pataer

Summary: Neoadjuvant treatment of non-small cell lung cancer challenges traditional processing of pathology specimens, and accurate evaluation of residual tumor is crucial for assessing treatment efficacy.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Pathology

Development and validation of an individualized angiogenesis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes prognostic signature in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Ruyun Zhang, Xiaofei Liao, Bin Zhang, Xiaohong Huang, Guanjie Qin, Xiangyun Kong, Yuan Xie, Yunyan Mo, Jinxuan Dai, Chunqiao Gan, Zan Luo, Jingyan Lu, Wei Jiang

Summary: This study found that patients with high COV+TIL score had worse prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2024)

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Article Pathology

Highly malignant endometrial stromal sarcoma in a cat

Teruaki Hirota, Kayoko Yonemaru, Mitsunobu Hattori, Mami Murakami, Hiroki Sakai, Akihiro Hirata

Summary: An 11-year-old female Persian cat underwent ovariohysterectomy due to dilation of the uterine cavity with irregular thickening of the wall. The pathological examination revealed multiple nodules originating from the endometrium, invading the myometrium and subserosa, and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of endometrial stromal sarcoma.

JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Pathology

Dedifferentiated and Undifferentiated Ovarian Carcinoma: An Aggressive and Molecularly Distinct Ovarian Tumor Characterized by Frequent SWI/SNF Complex Inactivation

Basile Tessier-Cloutier, Felix K. F. Kommoss, David L. Kolin, Kristyna Nemejcova, Dupreez Smith, Jennifer Pors, Colin J. R. Stewart, W. Glenn Mccluggage, William D. Foulkes, Andreas von Deimling, Martin Kobel, Cheng-Han Lee

Summary: This study provides a detailed analysis of the clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of DDOC/UDOC. The majority of patients presented with extraovarian disease and had rapid disease progression resulting in high mortality rate.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Review Pathology

Built to Last? Reproducibility and Reusability of Deep Learning Algorithms in Computational Pathology

Sophia J. Wagner, Christian Matek, Sayedali Shetab Boushehri, Melanie Boxberg, Lorenz Lamm, Ario Sada, Dominik J. E. Winter, Carsten Marr, Tingying Peng

Summary: Computational pathology research driven by deep learning faces challenges in reproducibility and reusability. Codebase with good documentation and robustness and generalizability of models are crucial. The reuse of computational pathology algorithms is limited, and their application in clinical settings is even rarer. This study evaluates 160 peer-reviewed articles, providing criteria for data and code availability and statistical analysis of results.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Article Pathology

Outcome-Based Risk Stratification Model for the Diagnosis of Placental Maternal Vascular Malperfusion

Dale L. Davis, Adam C. Lechner, David B. Chapel, Jonathan C. Slack, Chrystalle Katte Carreon, Bradley J. Quade, Carlos Parra-Herran

Summary: The Amsterdam Consensus Statement introduced the term maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) to classify a group of findings related to impaired maternal-placental circulation. The study found that features such as low placental weight, accelerated villous maturation, decidual arteriopathy, and infarcts are associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes, while the role of other features like distal villous hypoplasia, excess multinucleated trophoblast, and retroplacental hemorrhage needs further research.

MODERN PATHOLOGY (2024)

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Review Pathology

Emerging roles of SnoRNAs in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune disorders

Gaurav Dubey, Mithilesh Singh, Himmat Singh, Mohit Agarwal, Shailendra Singh Chandel, Anurag Mishra, Ravindra Pal Singh, Neelima Kukreti

Summary: SnoRNAs play a crucial role in autoimmune diseases, influencing gene expression, immune cell development, and immune regulation. They have the potential to be biomarkers or therapeutic targets for disease management. However, further research is needed to elucidate their precise molecular mechanisms.

PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2024)

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