Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Sergey Zinchenko, Dmitrii Lishudi
Summary: This paper proposes a new neural network ensemble algorithm based on Audibert's empirical star algorithm and provides theoretical and empirical analysis of its performance on regression and classification tasks.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andreia Biolchi Mayer, Henrique de Oliveira Amaral, Danilo Gustavo R. de Oliveira, Gabriel Avohay Alves Campos, Priscilla Galante Ribeiro, Solange Cristina Rego Fernandes, Adolfo Carlos Barros de Souza, Raffael Hinio Araijo de Castro, Anamelia Lorenzetti Bocca, Marcia Renata Mortari
Summary: This study synthesized three bioinspired peptides based on fraternine and tested their effects in a Parkinson's disease model. The peptides fra-10 and fra-14 improved motor coordination, but most of the peptides were toxic at the applied doses. All three peptides reduced the intensity of lesion-induced rotations. The peptide fra-24 increased the number of TH+ neurons in the substantia nigra and reduced the concentration of the cytokine TNF-alpha, suggesting it has neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anna E. Hughes, Anna Nowakowska, Alasdair D. F. Clarke
Summary: This study examines the relationship between search slopes and search efficiency in visual search tasks, introduces the Target Contrast Signal (TCS) Theory, and extends it to a Bayesian multi-level framework. The findings demonstrate that TCS can predict data well, but distinguishing between contrast combination models proves to be difficult.
Article
Neurosciences
John J. Buchanan, Alberto Cordova
Summary: Research has shown that spontaneous visual coupling supports frequency entrainment, phase attraction, and intermittent interpersonal coordination during the switch from a novision (NV) to vision (V) context among co-actors. The experiments demonstrate that similar self-paced frequencies result from same amplitude movements, while different amplitudes lead to disparate frequencies. In experiment 1, co-actors were instructed to maintain amplitude without explicit instructions for coordination, which limited frequency and phase entrainment in the V context. In experiment 2, co-actors were instructed to maintain amplitude and intentionally coordinate together, resulting in significant frequency modulations and the production of various stable relative phase patterns.
HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexandra F. Dejong Lempke, Danielle L. Hunt, Sarah B. Willwerth, Pierre A. d'Hemecourt, William P. Meehan III, Kristin E. Whitney
Summary: Adolescent athletes alter their gait patterns throughout a marathon race, and there are correlations between biomechanical features and race performance among young marathoners.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Darren J. Yeo, Courtney Pollack, Benjamin N. Conrad, Gavin R. Price
Summary: The processing of numerals as visual objects is supported by an Inferior Temporal Numeral Area (ITNA) in the bilateral inferior temporal gyri (ITG). Extant findings suggest some degree of hemispheric asymmetry in how the bilateral ITNAs process numerals. The study found that digit sensitivity did not differ between ITNAs, and digit sensitivity in both left and right ITNAs was associated with calculation skills. The study also revealed a right lateralization in engagement in alphanumeric categorization, and that the right ITNA showed greater discriminability between digits and letters.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Huanjie Tao, Qianyue Duan
Summary: In this paper, a hierarchical attention network with progressive feature fusion is proposed for facial expression recognition (FER), addressing the challenges posed by pose variation, occlusions, and illumination variation. The model achieves enhanced performance by aggregating diverse features and progressively enhancing discriminative features.
Article
Linguistics
Mohamad El Haj, Dimitrios Kapogiannis, Claire Boutoleau-Bretonniere
Summary: This study assessed linguistic processing in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) using pupillometry. The results showed that patients with bvFTD had smaller pupil size during verbal fluency tasks and counting compared to control participants. However, larger pupil size was observed during verbal fluency tasks compared to counting in both groups. Moreover, patients with bvFTD performed poorer in verbal fluency tasks compared to control participants.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS
(2024)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Qing Wan, Siu Wun Cheung, Yoonsuck Choe
Summary: This study applies adjoint operators to convolutional neural networks, overcomes the limitations of previous unbiased assumptions by embedding input images into an extended normed space, and proposes a new algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves near-zero reconstruction error in the reconstruction process of activation values.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Alexander Wikner, Joseph Harvey, Michelle Girvan, Brian R. Hunt, Andrew Pomerance, Thomas Antonsen, Edward Ott
Summary: Recent research has shown that machine learning models can accurately predict the dynamics of unknown chaotic systems by employing feedback loops and adding noise to the training process. This study introduces a new regularization technique called Linearized Multi-Noise Training (LMNT), which improves the stability and accuracy of the models. Machine learning models trained with LMNT produce long-term climate predictions that are indefinitely stable and similar to the true system, while also achieving more accurate short-term forecasts than other regularization techniques.
Article
Neurosciences
Ali Esmaeili, Sayed Esmaeil Hosseininejad, Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Valdeci Carlos Dionisio
Summary: This study investigates the effects of footwear type, navicular drop and ankle pronation on lower limb joint stiffness during running. The results show that navicular drop and dynamic ankle pronation do not affect joint stiffness, but footwear type significantly affects joint stiffness. Conventional footwear increases ankle and hip joint stiffness while reducing knee joint stiffness, which may have implications for injury risk.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Guobin Shen, Dongcheng Zhao, Yi Zeng
Summary: Inspired by the information transmission process in the brain, this study introduces the Dendritic Spatial Gating Module (DSGM) and the Dendritic Temporal Adjust Module (DTAM) to improve the performance of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs). This approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on various datasets and demonstrates competitive performance compared to current state-of-the-art methods.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Naoko Koide-Majima, Shinji Nishimoto, Kei Majima
Summary: Visual images observed by humans can be reconstructed from brain activity, and the visualization of arbitrary natural images from mental imagery has been achieved through an improved method. This study provides a unique tool for directly investigating the subjective contents of the brain.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lisa Haase, Antonia Vehlen, Julia Strojny, Gregor Domes
Summary: This study found no significant changes in the cortisol awakening response (CAR) over the menstrual cycle, and no significant association with variations in estradiol and progesterone. These results suggest that CAR is largely robust against hormonal variations across the menstrual cycle.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Holger Wiese, Tsvetomila Popova, Maya Schipper, Deni Zakriev, Mike Burton, Andrew W. Young
Summary: Previous experiments have shown that brief exposure to unfamiliar individuals leads to the formation of new facial representations, which undergo changes and consolidation within the first day after learning.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Stefano Lasaponara, Gabriele Scozia, Silvana Lozito, Mario Pinto, David Conversi, Marco Costanzi, Tim Vriens, Massimo Silvetti, Fabrizio Doricchi
Summary: Cholinergic (Ach), Noradrenergic (NE), and Dopaminergic (DA) pathways are crucial in regulating spatial attention and determining inter-individual differences in temperamental traits. This study found that temperamental traits predict individual differences in the ability to orient spatial attention based on the probabilistic association between cues and targets. These findings highlight the importance of considering temperamental and personality traits in social and professional environments where attention control is essential.
Article
Neurosciences
Selima Siala, Nabil Rahoui, Benjamin Cho, Carlos A. Zamora
NEUROIMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Carlos A. Zamora, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Mauricio Castillo
Summary: Assessment of cerebral vasculopathies can be challenging, but a comprehensive understanding of different imaging methods can facilitate the process. There are various angiographic techniques with unique advantages and disadvantages, such as bolus-based methods that enhance arterial depiction and non-contrast techniques that show high-resolution arteries. MRI can assess vessel wall pathology and aid in diagnosing vasculitis and non-inflammatory vasculopathies.
NEUROIMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
