Article
Neurosciences
Joseph B. Mandeville, Jonah Weigand-Whittier, Hsiao-Ying Wey
Summary: In this study, the researchers compared the receptor occupancy induced by amphetamine (AMP) in wild-type (WT) and internalization-compromised beta-arrestin-2 knockout (KO) mice. They found that at 3 hours after AMP treatment, WT mice showed significantly lower binding potential compared to KO mice, indicating that receptor internalization can greatly reduce occupancy on the second challenge.
Article
Neuroimaging
Suraya Meghji, Alicia J. Hilderley, Kara Murias, Brian L. Brooks, John Andersen, Darcy Fehlings, Nomazulu Dlamini, Adam Kirton, Helen L. Carlson
Summary: Perinatal stroke is an early brain vascular injury that often leads to lifelong disability. Children with perinatal stroke commonly have comorbidities such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and deficits in executive function. This study found differences in functional connectivity within and between networks in children with perinatal stroke, and these differences were associated with ADHD symptoms and executive function.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Aline M. Dantas, Alexander T. Sack, Elisabeth Bruggen, Peiran Jiao, Teresa Schuhmann
Summary: This study investigated the functional relevance of frontal theta-band activity in decision-making using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) over right or left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The results showed that risk-taking behavior increased after left DLPFC stimulation and decreased after right DLPFC stimulation. Furthermore, stimulation intensity had an effect on behavioral responses.
Article
Neurosciences
Santino Gaudio, Gull Rukh, Vincenzo Di Ciommo, Samuel Berkins, Lyle Wiemerslage, Helgi B. Schioth
Summary: The consumption of fruits and vegetables has been found to have an impact on brain structure, particularly the intake of fresh fruits may have a protective role in specific cortical areas.
Article
Neurosciences
Yu-Ting Li, Ke Bai, Gan-Ze Li, Bo Hu, Jia-Wei Chen, Yu-Xuan Shang, Ying Yu, Zhu-Hong Chen, Chi Zhang, Lin-Feng Yan, Guang-Bin Cui, Lian-Jun Lu, Wen Wang
Summary: This study provides neuroimaging evidence for the evolution of functional to structural brain alterations in SSNHL patients with disease duration less than 1 month, which may explain why early-stage SSNHL patients have better therapeutic responses and hearing recovery.
Article
Neurosciences
Yun Zhang, Yubo Wang, Huanhuan Cheng, Fei Yan, Dingning Li, Dawei Song, Qiang Wang, Liyu Huang
Summary: This study suggests that the EEG spectral slope can reliably track continuously altered consciousness levels during propofol anesthesia using a time-resolved analysis. Furthermore, the frontal spectral slope may be a promising index for clinical monitoring of anesthesia depth.
Article
Neurosciences
L. Sina Mansour, Maria A. Di Biase, Robert E. Smith, Andrew Zalesky, Caio Seguin
Summary: This study maps functional and structural brain networks for over 40,000 UK Biobank participants, providing high-quality connectomes and various options for researchers. The connectomes can be used for studies in health, disease, and aging at an unprecedented scale.
Article
Neurosciences
Xuhong Yang, Minglei Wang, Wenxiao Liu, Mingli Hou, Jianguo Zhao, Xueying Huang, Minxing Wang, Jiarui Zheng, Xiaodong Wang
Summary: This study found a relationship between minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and hippocampal iron deposition and inflammation. MHE rats exhibited impaired spatial memory and exploratory behavior, along with signs of neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that iron overload may play a crucial role in driving neuroinflammatory responses.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhen Li, Junle Li, Ningkai Wang, Yating Lv, Qihong Zou, Jinhui Wang
Summary: This study investigates the phenotypic associations and neurobiological substrates of single-subject morphological brain networks using structural magnetic resonance imaging scans, behavioral and cognitive measures, and transcriptomic, cytoarchitectonic, and chemoarchitectonic data. The results show that these brain networks explain inter-individual variance, predict individual outcomes in Motor and Cognition domains, and distinguish individuals from each other. Different morphological indices can be integrated for improved network construction. The networks have low-moderate heritability, with the highest heritability for sulcal depth-derived networks and higher heritability for inter-module connections. Genetic, cytoarchitectonic, and chemoarchitectonic factors play differential roles in these networks.
Article
Neurosciences
Rong Zhang, Zhiyi Chen, Tingyong Feng
Summary: This study provides evidence for the neural and psychological mechanisms of procrastination through longitudinal research and network modeling. The study found that self-control, emotion regulation, and episodic prospection negatively predicted future procrastination, while the functional connectivity between episodic prospection and emotion regulation positively predicted future procrastination. In the network, procrastination was greatly influenced by other nodes, with episodic prospection and the functional connectivity of episodic prospection and emotion regulation exerting the strongest impacts on other nodes.
Article
Neurosciences
Philipp Graeff, Ruth Ruscheweyh, Virginia L. Flanagin
Summary: Positive mental imagery can activate the descending pain inhibition mechanism and modulate pain sensation. Feedback training increases activity in pain inhibition-related brain areas and decreases the reaction to painful stimuli, suggesting a decreased spinal nociception.
Article
Neurosciences
Avinash Kalyani, Oliver Contier, Lisa Klemm, Elena Azanon, Stefanie Schreiber, Oliver Speck, Christoph Reichert, Esther Kuehn
Summary: The study used ultra-high resolution fMRI data to detect differences in tactile representations between younger and older adults, and found that the columnar architecture in the primary somatosensory cortex changes with age.
Letter
Neurosciences
Ludvic Zrinzo
STEREOTACTIC AND FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Arthur Chakwizira, Ante Zhu, Thomas Foo, Carl-Fredrik Westin, Filip Szczepankiewicz, Markus Nilsson
Summary: This study highlights the time dependence signatures of restricted diffusion and exchange in the human brain using free gradient waveforms. The results show unique time-dependence signatures in grey and white matter, with grey matter characterized by both restricted diffusion and exchange, and white matter predominantly by restricted diffusion. The study also demonstrates the feasibility of using tailored gradient waveforms to map exchange in the human brain.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhihao Zhang, Tong Chen, Ye Liu, Chongyang Wang, Ke Zhao, Chang Hong Liu, Xiaolan Fu
Summary: The ability of humans to discern facial expressions is mediated by distributed face selective regions, such as the LO-faces and IP-faces. Through time-resolved decoding of neural responses, it was found that facial expressions could be successfully classified within 100 to 150 ms after stimulus onset. Additionally, similarity analyses with a convolutional neural network revealed that the LO-faces and IP-faces exhibited stronger correlations with deep representations of emotional categories rather than image-level information.
Article
Neurosciences
Sebastiaan Mathot, Hermine Berberyan, Philipp Buechel, Veera Ruuskanen, Ana Vilotijevic, Wouter Kruijne
Summary: The size of the eyes' pupils can be manipulated through ipRGC activation, and it has significant effects on visual processing. Induced and spontaneous changes in pupil size mainly modulate activity patterns in the high-frequency beta range, while spontaneous pupil size tends to correlate positively with intertrial coherence in the alpha band.
Article
Neurosciences
Mohith M. Varma, Avijit Chowdhury, Rongjun Yu
Summary: Humans experience emotions of regret and relief when anticipating and evaluating outcomes. A meta-analysis of fMRI studies revealed that both regret and relief are associated with activation in the right ventral striatum at the regional level, and share the reward-sensitive mesocorticolimbic network at the network level.
Article
Neurosciences
Mario Lavanga, Johanna Stumme, Bahar Hazal Yalcinkaya, Jan Fousek, Christiane Jockwitz, Hiba Sheheitli, Nora Bittner, Meysam Hashemi, Spase Petkoski, Svenja Caspers, Viktor Jirsa
Summary: The study used a brain network modeling framework to infer the causal link between structural connectivity and functional architecture and demonstrated that global modulation of brain dynamics increases with age, particularly in older adults with poor cognitive performance. The researchers validated their hypothesis using a deep-learning Bayesian approach, providing mechanistic evidence of dedifferentiation leading to cognitive decline during aging.
Article
Neurosciences
Viljami Sairanen, Jesper Andersson
Summary: Diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) is a medical imaging method used to study brain microstructure and connections. Researchers have proposed outlier replacement and downweighting methods to combat signal dropout artefacts. This study compares the two approaches using simulations and infant data sets, and suggests that outlier replacement is suitable when only the least-squares estimate of the single tensor model is of interest.
Article
Neurosciences
Henry Railo, Nelli Kraufvelin, Jussi Santalahti, Teemu Laine
Summary: Responses to potentially dangerous stimuli are basic animal behaviors. Human participants automatically pay attention to threats, while rapid withdrawal responses are mediated by reflex-like attentional processing and conscious attention to stimulus features.
