Article
Neurosciences
Ami Tsuchida, Philippe Boutinaud, Violaine Verrecchia, Christophe Tzourio, Stephanie Debette, Marc Joliot
Summary: White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are markers of cerebral small vessel disease, associated with increased risk of stroke, dementia, and mortality. This study presents an automatic WMH segmentation tool based on deep learning, which can efficiently detect WMH with high accuracy.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ingeborg van Kroonenburgh, Sonny K. H. Tan, Petra Heiden, Jochen Wirths, Georgios Matis, Harald Seifert, Veerle Visser-Vandewalle, Pablo Andrade
Summary: Neuromodulation using deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), and peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) is a rapidly growing field for treating neurological, psychiatric, and pain disorders. However, infections related to the implanted hardware are common complications that result in health-related and economic burden. This retrospective study aimed to identify characteristics of the infections and investigate surgical and antimicrobial treatments.
STEREOTACTIC AND FUNCTIONAL NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jingxin Chen, Yufeng Ke, Guangjian Ni, Shuang Liu, Dong Ming
Summary: Electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis is a popular tool for studying the dynamics of brain electrophysiological activities. Recent studies have shown that mental workload (MWL) modulates microstate, but it is unclear whether the modulation is consistent across different tasks. This study found that the modulation of MWL on microstate depends on tasks, and microstate parameters can be used to distinguish MWL.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Janine Hendriks, Henk-Jan Mutsaerts, Richard Joules, Oscar Pena-Nogales, Paulo R. Rodrigues, Robin Wolz, George L. Burchell, Frederik Barkhof, Anouk Schrantee
Summary: This systematic review provides an overview of the available (semi-)automatic QC algorithms and software packages for raw, structural T1-weighted (T1w) MRI datasets, and analyzes the differences among these algorithms in terms of their features, performance, and benchmarks.
Article
Neuroimaging
Jian Li, Yongqiang Shu, Liting Chen, Bo Wang, Linglong Chen, Jie Zhan, Hongmei Kuang, Guojin Xia, Fuqing Zhou, Honghan Gong, Xianjun Zeng
Summary: Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) can disrupt brain functional networks and is associated with cognitive impairment. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical analysis to investigate the altered brain network topologies in TAI patients. The findings revealed that TAI patients exhibited lower local efficiency and aberrant nodal centralities in specific brain regions, indicating abnormal topological attributes and potential biomarkers for cognitive impairment in TAI patients.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ye Tu, Zheng Li, Fei Xiong, Feng Gao
Summary: This study revealed significant brain macrostructural and microstructural alterations in patients with SCA2, showing a progressive decrease in fiber density, fiber-bundle cross-section, and a combination of these metrics over time. These changes were not observed in healthy controls, suggesting that FBA-derived metrics may serve as potential biomarkers for monitoring SCA2 progression.
Article
Neurosciences
Nicholas Shaff, Erik Erhardt, Stephanie Nitschke, Kayla Julio, Christopher Wertz, Andrei Vakhtin, Arvind Caprihan, Gerson Suarez-Cedeno, Amanda Deligtisch, Sarah Pirio Richardson, Andrew R. Mayer, Sephira G. Ryman
Summary: Evaluation of quantitative analysis methods using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging provides promising biomarkers for quantifying degeneration of the substantia nigra in patients with Parkinson's disease. Signal intensity measures outperform spatial and subject specific abnormality measures, and atlas identified metrics perform better than manual tracing metrics.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Stefano Delli Pizzi, Piero Chiacchiaretta, Carlo Sestieri, Antonio Ferretti, Maria Giulia Tullo, Stefania Della Penna, Giovanni Martinotti, Marco Onofrj, Leor Roseman, Christopher Timmermann, David J. Nutt, Robin L. Carhart-Harris, Stefano L. Sensi
Summary: The study found that LSD intake selectively changes the functional connectivity between the thalamus and cortex, including the ventral complex, pulvinar, and non-specific nuclei. These nuclei showed increased functional coupling with sensory cortices and parts of the associative cortex dense in serotonin type 2A receptors. LSD also affected the subcortical connectivity.
Article
Neurosciences
Benjamin L. Deck, Apoorva Kelkar, Brian Erickson, Fareshte Erani, Eric Mcconathey, Daniela Sacchetti, Olufunsho Faseyitan, Roy Hamilton, John D. Medaglia
Summary: This study found that individual's cognitive control behaviors can be predicted by inter-network connectivity, and the LDMN plays a specific role in switching and inhibiting behaviors.
Article
Neurosciences
Alexandros Guekos, David M. Cole, Monika Dorig, Philipp Stampfli, Louis Schibli, Philipp Schuetz, Petra Schweinhardt, Michael L. Meier
Summary: Cortical reorganization and its potential pathological significance in chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients are increasingly studied. This study aimed to investigate the sensory organization of the healthy back before exploring potential sensory map reorganization. Using a novel pneumatic vibrotactile stimulation method, the cortical representations of paraspinal sensory afferents were studied in detail. The results showed that brain activity patterns in different areas of sensorimotor cortices process sensory input from the back in a dermatomalmanner. These findings provide a basis for testing the cortical map reorganization theory and its relevance in CLBP.
Article
Neurosciences
Shunshun Cui, Ping Jiang, Yan Cheng, Huanhuan Cai, Jiajia Zhu, Yongqiang Yu
Summary: Previous literature has shown that there are sex differences in behavioral inhibition and its neural substrates. This study aimed to investigate whether there are sex-dependent associations between behavioral inhibition and resting-state brain function, and how they are modulated by molecular mechanisms. The authors used resting-state functional MRI data to compute functional connectivity density (FCD) and examined its associations with behavioral inhibition ability in a large cohort of healthy young adults. They found a significant negative correlation between behavioral inhibition and FCD in the left superior parietal lobule in females but not in males. Further analyses revealed that the neural correlates of behavioral inhibition were associated with gene expression and neurotransmitter atlases, particularly those related to the cerebral cortex and the serotonergic system. These findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the female-specific neural substrates of behavioral inhibition, and shed light on the contribution of biological sex to variation in behavioral inhibition and its related disease risk.
Article
Neurosciences
Martin Ulrich, Alexander Rueger, Verena Durner, Georg Groen, Heiko Graf
Summary: Sexually charged stimuli dominate in engaging the brain's reward structures, while multiple brain regions are activated in processing both primary and secondary rewards. However, the effects of different stimuli are weaker in reward expectation and prediction error.
Article
Neurosciences
Fabian Hirsch, Afra Wohlschlaeger
Summary: This study investigates the impact of subcortical structures on the topological features of cortical networks using a multivariable approach and graph-theoretic tools. The results show that the overall architecture of cortical networks becomes more integrated after accounting for subcortical influences. Specifically, "transmodal" systems become more connected with the rest of the network while "unimodal" networks show the opposite effect. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between subcortex and cortical networks.
Article
Neurosciences
Liansheng Yao, Qiufang Fu, Chang Hong Liu
Summary: This study investigated the role of edge, color, and other surface information in the neural representation of visual objects using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and electroencephalogram (EEG). The results revealed that line drawings elicited similar neural activities as color photographs and grayscale images. Additionally, other surface information, rather than color, played a significant role in the early stages of object representations and affected decoding accuracy and speed.
Article
Neurosciences
Qian Lv, Miao Zhang, Haifeng Jiang, Yilin Liu, Shaoling Zhao, Xiaomin Xu, Wenlei Zhang, Tianzhen Chen, Hang Su, Jiangtao Zhang, Heqiu Wang, Jianmin Zhang, Yuanjing Feng, Yongqiang Li, Biao Li, Min Zhao, Zheng Wang
Summary: Elevated impulsivity is commonly observed in individuals receiving methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) for opioid addiction. This study aimed to understand the underlying neural mechanisms and cognitive subprocesses associated with this impulsivity. The results showed that individuals receiving MMT exhibited higher self-reported impulsivity and had a tendency for impulsive decision-making without available evidence. The impulsive decision bias was associated with the dose and duration of methadone use, rather than the duration of heroin use. Furthermore, the hypoactivation in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus during a decision-making task was correlated with the impulsive decision bias. The findings suggest that elevated impulsivity in individuals receiving MMT is driven by deficits in top-down cognitive control, rather than reward sensitivity.
Article
Neurosciences
Beata Bachrata, Steffen Bollmann, Jin Jin, Monique Tourell, Assunta Dal -Bianco, Siegfried Trattnig, Markus Barth, Stefan Ropele, Christian Enzinger, Simon Daniel Robinson
Summary: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has the potential to provide additional insights into neurological diseases. We propose an ultra-fast acquisition method based on three orthogonal 2D simultaneous multislice EPI scans, which can generate high-resolution data in a short time. This method can be used to acquire QSM without additional imaging time.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhenyu Xie, Shuxun Dong, Yiyao Zhang, Yi Yuan
Summary: The present study investigated the effectiveness of closed-loop transcranial ultrasound stimulation (closed-loop TUS) in modulating brain function to enhance memory. The researchers found that closed-loop TUS applied at the peak phase of theta cycles significantly improved memory performance in rats. The study also observed changes in neural activity and synaptic transmission patterns with closed-loop TUS.
Article
Neurosciences
Shima Rastegarnia, Marie St-Laurent, Elizabeth DuPre, Basile Pinsard, Pierre Bellec
Summary: This paper investigates the training and accuracy of brain decoding models at the individual level. The research trained multiple classifiers on an individual fMRI dataset and evaluated different decoding methods. The study found that GCN and MLP models trained at the individual level achieved higher prediction accuracies, approaching the best accuracy achieved by models trained at the group level.
Article
Neurosciences
S. Soloukey, E. Collee, L. Verhoef, D. D. Satoer, C. M. F. Dirven, E. M. Bos, J. W. Schouten, B. S. Generowicz, F. Mastik, C. I. De Zeeuw, S. K. E. Koekkoek, A. J. P. E. Vincent, M. Smits, P. Kruizinga
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance and potential of functional Ultrasound (fUS) in human brain imaging. By comparing with fMRI and Electrocortical Stimulation Mapping (ESM), it is shown that fUS can accurately reveal important functional regions and visualize microvascular morphology underlying hemodynamics.
Article
Neurosciences
Ruoke Zhao, Cong Sun, Xinyi Xu, Zhiyong Zhao, Mingyang Li, Ruike Chen, Yao Shen, Yibin Pan, Songying Zhang, Guangbin Wang, Dan Wu
Summary: The study constructed individual morphometric similarity networks for fetuses based on high-resolution in-utero MRI data, and described the spatiotemporal development of morphological connections. Analysis showed that the fetal morphological network exhibited a small-world structure and enhanced integration with reduced segregation during prenatal development. Between- and within-lobe analysis indicated changes in similarity and dissimilarity between different lobes.
