Microscopy

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Article Microscopy

The Sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC0449 induces autophagic death in human Medulloblastoma Daoy cells

Qi Zhang, Wanjing Zou, Longtao He, Cuiping Zhang, Ying Wang

Summary: This study investigates the induction of autophagy by GDC0449 in human MB cell lines, and finds that GDC0449 increases autophagy in Daoy cells by increasing the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and autophagosome formation. Additionally, GDC0449 treatment leads to dose-dependent increase in cell autophagy and apoptosis, potentially mediated by inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Statistical Comparison of Substructures in Pure Aluminum Before and After Creep Deformation, Based on EBSD Image Data

Philipp Rieder, Lukas Petrich, Itziar Serrano-Munoz, Ricardo Fernandez, Giovanni Bruno, Volker Schmidt

Summary: This study statistically analyzed the subgrain structures of extruded pure aluminum under different levels of creep stress using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) images. The results showed that in the power-law breakdown (PLB) regime, {111} subgrains tend to accumulate more strain compared to {001} subgrains. This suggests that the mechanisms leading to PLB may be associated with strain localization dependent on intergranular stress.

MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Quantification of Unsupported Thin-Film X-ray Spectra Using Bulk Standards

Nicholas W. M. Ritchie, Andrew Herzing, Vladimir P. Oleshko

Summary: This study presents a quantification model that uses standard X-ray spectra collected from bulk materials to determine the composition and mass thickness of single-layer and multilayer unsupported thin films. The model can iteratively solve for single layers and can be extended to multilayer films. Additional information or assumptions can be added to solve cases where an element is present in multiple layers. The algorithm is well suited for energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and has been implemented in the Open Source application DTSA-II.

MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS (2023)

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Article Cell Biology

NADH intraperitoneal injection prevents massive pancreatic beta cell destruction in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Amina Abdellatif, Karima Bahria, Nada Slama, Dahmane Oukrif, Asem Shalaby, George Birkmayer, Mustapha Oumouna, Karine Benachour

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of NADH on pancreatic islets in a diabetes model. The results showed that NADH could reduce beta cell death, decrease inflammation, and preserve pancreatic islet function.

HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Cell Biology

Cleaved caspase-3 is present in the majority of glial cells in the intact rat spinal cord during postnatal life

R. Holota, V. Decmanova, A. . Alexovic Matiasova, J. Kosuth, L. Slovinska, L. Pacut, Z. Tomori, Z. Daxnerova, J. Sevc

Summary: This study found that cleaved caspase-3 (cC3) is not an exclusive marker for apoptosis, especially in glial cells, which may be due to its presence in inhibited forms or its involvement in other non-apoptotic roles. In contrast, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (cPARP) appears to be a more appropriate marker for detecting apoptosis.

HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Imaging Threading Dislocations and Surface Steps in Nitride Thin Films Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction

Kieran P. Hiller, Aimo Winkelmann, Ben Hourahine, Bohdan Starosta, Aeshah Alasmari, Peng Feng, Tao Wang, Peter J. Parbrook, Vitaly Z. Zubialevich, Sylvia Hagedorn, Sebastian Walde, Markus Weyers, Pierre-Marie Coulon, Philip A. Shields, Jochen Bruckbauer, Carol Trager-Cowan

Summary: This study uses an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) detector to extract images of dislocations and surface steps in nitride thin films. Postprocessing techniques are presented to extract the images from measurements of backscattered electron intensities and intensity distributions. The combination of virtual diode (VD) imaging and center of mass (COM) imaging produces images with better signal-to-noise ratio.

MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS (2023)

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Review Cell Biology

Revisiting the development of cerebellar inhibitory interneurons in the light of single-cell genetic analyses

Karl Schilling

Summary: This review provides a brief update on the inhibitory interneurons of the cerebellum. Recent studies have shown that the inhibitory interneurons of the cerebellar cortex are more diverse than previously believed, and this diversity is supported by genetic data. Developmental studies have revealed that the specification and formation of these interneurons differ from cortical interneurons, and dysfunction of cerebellar inhibitory interneurons has been linked with clinical deficits.

HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Cell Biology

Local fractal dimension of collagen detects increased spatial complexity in fibrosis

Dylan T. Casey, Karolyn G. Lahue, Vitor Mori, Jacob Herrmann, Joseph K. Hall, Bela Suki, Yvonne M. W. Janssen-Heininger, Jason H. T. Bates

Summary: This study developed a fractal analysis method that can be applied to 3-dimensional images of fibrotic tissue, and found that the local fractal dimension can distinguish between changes in collagen content and organization induced by fibrosis.

HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Anatomy & Morphology

Evolution of local misorientations in the γ/γ'-microstructure of single crystal superalloys during creep studied with the rotation vector baseline (RVB) EBSD method

Stepan Gamanov, A. Dlouhy, D. Buerger, G. Eggeler, P. Thome

Summary: This study uses the rotation vector baseline electron backscatter orientation imaging method to investigate the evolution of small misorientations in Ni-base single crystal superalloys during creep. The results show that orientation imaging can be used to document the formation of dislocation networks at interfaces between different phases.

MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Three-dimensional Element-by-element Surface Topography Reconstruction of Compound Samples Using Multisegment Silicon Drift Detectors

Ebrahim Gholami Hatam, Primoz Pelicon, Esther Punzon-Quijorna, Mitja Kelemen, Primoz Vavpetic

Summary: This article demonstrates a general method based on micro-PIXE and a silicon drift detector for reconstructing three-dimensional elemental surface topography. The method involves acquiring elemental concentration maps, reconstructing local inclination angles, calculating topography gradient components, and integrating surface topography numerically. The method has been successfully tested for reconstructing the 3D surface topography of compound alloys with different microstructure scales and can be applied in synchrotron and accelerator facilities for elemental X-ray mapping.

MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS (2023)

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Article Microscopy

Three-dimensional analysis of the intracellular architecture by scanning electron microscopy

Daisuke Koga, Satoshi Kusumi, Hirokazu Yagi, Koichi Kato

Microscopy (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Laboratory-Based Correlative Soft X-ray and Fluorescence Microscopy in an Integrated Setup

Julius Reinhard, Sophia Kaleta, Johann Jakob Abel, Felix Wiesner, Martin Wuensche, Eric Seemann, Martin Westermann, Thomas Weber, Jan Nathanael, Alexander Iliou, Henryk Fiedorowicz, Falk Hillmann, Christian Eggeling, Gerhard G. Paulus, Silvio Fuchs

Summary: Correlative microscopy combines fluorescence microscopy and soft X-ray microscopy to achieve higher structural resolution with functional contrast. With the use of high-power lasers, a compact table-top soft X-ray microscope can be established in the laboratory. This microscope, integrated with an epifluorescence modality, allows in situ correlative imaging without altering or destroying the samples.

MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS (2023)

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Article Anatomy & Morphology

Effect of sugammadex administration on neural tube development in 48-h chick embryos

Elif Buyukerkmen, Emre Atay, Fatma Firat, Ahmet Yuksek, Abdulkadir Bilir, Guelan Albas Kurt, Alperen Saritas

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the teratogenic effects of sugammadex on neural tube and embryonic development in early chick embryos. The results showed that sugammadex caused developmental delay and increased incidence of neural tube defects in embryos.

MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE (2023)

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Article Anatomy & Morphology

Ultrastructural characterization of maturing iPSC-derived nephron structures upon transplantation

L. E. Wiersma, M. C. Avramut, A. J. Koster, C. W. van den Berg, T. J. Rabelink

Summary: Pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids have great potential in treating end-stage renal disease, studying kidney diseases, and drug discovery. High-resolution imaging plays a crucial role in characterizing the morphological features and maturation stages of these organoids. Through electron microscopy and virtual slide stitching, advanced ultrastructural developments were observed in transplanted organoids, including the formation of the glomerular filtration barrier, the presence of microvilli in the proximal tubule, and different types of cell sub-segmentation in the connecting tubule.

MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE (2023)

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Article Biology

Δ3-tubulin impairs mitotic spindle morphology and increases nuclear size in pancreatic cancer cells

Kenta Baba, Kenichiro Uemura, Ryota Nakazato, Faryal Ijaz, Shinya Takahashi, Koji Ikegami

Summary: Post-translational modifications of tubulin affect cancer cell proliferation, particularly the overexpression or depletion of enzymes involved in modifications on the tubulin C-terminal region. This study reveals that Delta 3-tubulin impairs spindle integrity and cell division, leading to deformation and misorientation of spindle bodies.

MEDICAL MOLECULAR MORPHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Evaluation of Electron Tomography Capabilities for Shale Imaging

Laura Froute, Emeric Boigne, Isabelle C. Jolivet, Eric Chaput, Patrice Creux, Matthias Ihme, Anthony R. Kovscek

Summary: This study evaluates the capabilities of electron tomography (ET) for thin sections of shale, a complex nanoporous medium, and identifies the limited projection range and reconstruction as the main experimental bottlenecks.

MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS (2023)

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Article Microscopy

The possible protective role of selenium on the visual cortex of adult albino rat on exposure to potassium dichromate

Sally S. Anwer, Hala Mohamed Hassanin

Summary: This study found that potassium dichromate leads to degeneration in the visual cortex of rats, while selenium has a protective effect.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Microscopy

Morphological analysis and grain size distribution of SnO2 nanoparticles via digital image processing across diverse calcination temperatures

Aashish Kumar, Manan Bhasin, Mansi Chitkara

Summary: This study presents a comprehensive image analysis of SnO2 nanoparticles synthesised at diverse temperatures, revealing the significant impact of calcination temperature on the morphology of the nanoparticles, with changes in grain size and grain size distribution observed.

JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY (2023)

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Article Microscopy

Structural changes in testes of Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and possible protective effect of royal jelly: light and electron microscopic study

Eman A. El Helew, Wafaa S. Hamed, Amal M. Moustafa, Zeinab A. Sakkara

Summary: Royal Jelly (RJ) has been found to protect the testicular structure in diabetic rats by reducing oxidative stress and preserving male fertility.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY (2023)

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Article Microscopy

Computational models of amorphous ice for accurate simulation of cryo-EM images of biological samples

James M. Parkhurst, Anna Cavalleri, Maud Dumoux, Mark Basham, Daniel Clare, C. Alistair Siebert, Gwyndaf Evans, James H. Naismith, Angus Kirkland, Jonathan W. Essex

ULTRAMICROSCOPY (2023)

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