Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Binbin Chang, Zhang Wang, Hui Cheng, Tingyuan Xu, Jieyu Chen, Wan Wu, Yizhi Li, Yong Zhang
Summary: Acacetin can attenuate sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting the inflammatory response and promoting macrophage polarization. This study is of great significance for the development of new treatments for sepsis-induced ALI.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sibra R. M. Shihab, Bushran N. Iqbal, Shiyamalee Arunasalam, Faseeha Noordeen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of sample-based RNA quality on COVID-19 real-time RT-PCR results. The purity of the extracts and concentration of RNA were found to impact test interpretations. The presence of impurities led to inconclusive test results.
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2024)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Allison M. Hitchcock, Wesley D. Kufel, Keri A. Mastro Dwyer, Eric F. Sidman
Summary: Lenacapavir is a novel HIV-1 treatment option for patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 infection. It has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and has shown good tolerability and efficacy in clinical trials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Shuixiu Li, Yuting Liu, Luobei Weng, Yajing Zhao, Yishan Zhang, Zhanpeng Zhang, Yang Yang, Qiaoxin Chen, Xiaocong Liu, Hong Zhang
Summary: The deletion of F(1)Fo-ATP synthase a subunit inhibits host inflammatory responses and impairs the filamentation of Candida albicans, which is crucial for inducing inflammatory responses.
Article
Immunology
Hajarooba Gnanagobal, Trung Cao, Ahmed Hossain, Ignacio Vasquez, Setu Chakraborty, Joy Chukwu-Osazuwa, Danny Boyce, Maria Jesus Espinoza, Victor Antonio Garcia-Angulo, Javier Santander
Summary: This study characterized the riboflavin provision pathways of Aeromonas salmonicida and found critical provision genes. The bacterium has multiple forms of riboflavin provision and duplicated provision genes are essential for its infection.
Article
Immunology
Kun Yan, Xiuling Wang, Zifan Liu, Zongyi Bo, Chengcheng Zhang, Mengjiao Guo, Xiaorong Zhang, Yantao Wu
Summary: This study reveals the pathogenicity of QX-type avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in the reproductive system of roosters. It was found that QX-type IBV infection caused abnormal testicular morphology, moderate atrophy and obvious dilatation of seminiferous tubules, as well as intense inflammation and pathological injuries in the ductus deferens. Additionally, QX-type IBV infection affected plasma levels of reproductive hormones and caused changes in their receptor transcription levels, indicating direct effects on steroidogenesis and leading to germ cell apoptosis in the testis.
Article
Immunology
Elvira Roman, Daniel Prieto, Susana Hidalgo-Vico, Rebeca Alonso-Monge, Jesus Pla
Summary: The transcriptional master regulator WOR1 plays a vital role in the white opaque transition of Candida albicans. Its overexpression in mutant cells defective in the Hog1 MAP kinase enables the establishment of commensalism in the murine gut and even competes with wild-type C. albicans cells. This enhanced fitness is associated with increased adherence to biotic surfaces, elevated production of proteinase and phospholipase, and reduced filamentation in vitro. Furthermore, hog1 WOR1(OE) does not exhibit virulence in a systemic candidiasis model in mice.
Review
Immunology
Alexander M. Rawson, Andrew W. Dempster, Christopher M. Humphreys, Nigel P. Minton
Summary: Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria that is classified based on its ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). BoNT is the main virulence factor and the cause of botulism, a potentially fatal disease characterized by paralysis. The BoNT is used for medical treatments and in the cosmetic industry due to its potency and specificity.
Article
Immunology
Christopher J. Coates, Igor Kraev, Andrew F. Rowley, Sigrun Lange
Summary: Epizootiologists often encounter symbionts and pathobionts in the haemolymph of shellfish, such as the Hematodinium genus which causes disease in crustaceans. The shore crab Carcinus maenas can act as a reservoir for Hematodinium, posing a risk to other commercially important species. This study reveals that Hematodinium interferes with extracellular vesicle biogenesis and utilizes protein deimination to modulate the immune response in crustacean-Hematodinium interactions.
Article
Immunology
Runa Kuley, Bhargavi Duvvuri, Jeffrey J. Wallin, Nam Bui, Mary Vic Adona, Nicholas G. O'Connor, Sharon K. Sahi, Ian B. Stanaway, Mark M. Wurfel, Eric D. Morrell, W. Conrad Liles, Pavan K. Bhatraju, Christian Lood
Summary: Neutrophil dysregulation is a recognized feature of COVID-19, but the factors contributing to neutrophil activation in this disease are not well understood. This study found elevated levels of calprotectin, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and N-formyl methionine (fMet) in COVID-19 patients, particularly in critically ill patients. The levels of NETs were higher in ICU patients with COVID-19 compared to ICU patients without COVID-19, suggesting a significant contribution of NETs in COVID-19. In vitro experiments showed that plasma from COVID-19 patients induced neutrophil activation through fMet/FPR1-dependent mechanisms. The study concludes that fMet is an important factor contributing to neutrophil activation in COVID-19 and may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Article
Immunology
Minmin Liu, Yarong Song, Yi Li, Xingwen Yang, Hui Zhuang, Jie Li, Jie Wang
Summary: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is the main route of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but the virological factors affecting HBV MTCT are not fully understood. This study found that among mother-infant pairs with positive maternal hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), the average nucleotide mutation rate in the HBV preS1 promoter (SPI) region was significantly higher in the immunoprophylaxis success group than in the immunoprophylaxis failure group. The C2729T mutation in the HBV SPI region was the most frequent mutation and it was found to reduce HBV production by suppressing the expression of large hepatitis B surface antigen (LHBs), indicating its potential role in the success of immunoprophylaxis for HBV MTCT.
Article
Microbiology
Christine Lundtorp Olsen, Merete Markvart, Vincent Frederik Dahl Vendius, Christian Damgaard, Daniel Belstrom
Summary: Frequent intake of free sugars can cause dental caries, but the immediate effect of sugar intake on the supragingival microbiota is still unknown. This study aims to explore the impact of 14 days of sugar rinsing on the supragingival microbiota. The results show that temporary sugar stress can lead to a loss of diversity and compositional changes in the supragingival microbiota, but these changes can be reversed with oral care.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Nessma A. El Zawawy, Samy El-Safty, El-Refaie Kenawy, Sara Ibrahim Salem, Sameh S. Ali, Yehia A. -G. Mahmoud
Summary: Dental caries is a major concern for dentists and was thought to be primarily caused by Streptococci and Lactobacilli. However, recent studies have found that Candida albicans also plays a role in caries. Due to increased resistance to common antimicrobials, there is a need for innovative candidates, such as a newly modified carboxylated chitosan derivative incorporated into glass ionomer cement (CS-MC-GIC). Our study explored the efficacy of CS-MC-GIC against multidrug-resistant and/or pandrug-resistant C. albicans, and found that it showed significant anticandidal activity and improved mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Shanshan Liu, Qiangsheng Song, Chenchen Zhang, Mengwan Li, Zhenzhen Li, Yudong Liu, Li Xu, Xiaofei Xie, Lili Zhao, Rongxiu Zhang, Qinglong Wang, Guojin Zeng, Yifan Zhang, Kai Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the changes in saliva microbiome in dental fluorosis population. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was examined in 957 college students, and it affected 47% of the students, unrelated to gender. Compared to healthy controls, dental fluorosis patients exhibited increased diversity in salivary microbiota, with specific microbial abundance alterations. The findings suggest that dental fluorosis may contribute to periodontitis and systemic lung diseases, and further cohort studies are needed to explore the potential of altering the salivary microbiota in dental fluorosis patients.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jinuk Jeong, Kung Ahn, Seyoung Mun, Kyeongeui Yun, Yeon-Tae Kim, Won Jung, Kyung Eun Lee, Moon-Young Kim, Yongju Ahn, Kyudong Han
Summary: This study found a correlation between the composition of oral microbiome and gut microbiome through analyzing saliva and stool samples of Korean subjects. The oral microbiome of Koreans can be classified into two types, and the oral-gut-associated microbiome can be classified into four types. These findings provide valuable data for studying the differences in microbial composition between healthy individuals and oral disease patients, as well as the association between oral and gut microbial environments.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Eduardo Lobao Veras, Nidia Castro dos Santos, Joao Gabriel S. Souza, Luciene C. Figueiredo, Belen Retamal-Valdes, Valentim A. R. Barao, Jamil Shibli, Martinna Bertolini, Marcelo Faveri, Flavia Teles, Poliana Duarte, Magda Feres
Summary: We assessed the level of evidence for the presence of new periodontal pathogens by comparing the occurrence of non-classical periodontal taxa between healthy and periodontitis patients (Association study) and analyzing the changes in prevalence and levels of these species after treatments (Elimination study). Our findings suggest strong evidence supporting certain bacterial species as periodontal pathogens, contributing to a better understanding of the etiology of periodontitis and guiding future diagnostic and interventional studies.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Apoena Aguiar Ribeiro, Bruce J. Paster
Summary: The oral cavity is a unique ecosystem with a complex microbial community that lives in symbiosis with healthy individuals. Dental caries, on the other hand, is a dysbiosis caused by biofilm that involves changes in the composition and function of the microbiome, leading to demineralization of tooth tissues. Despite years of research and dental treatment, dental caries remains the most common chronic disease in children worldwide.
JOURNAL OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nadege Bossuet, Cecile Guyonnet, Camille Chagneau, Min Tang-Fichaux, Marie Penary, Dorian Loubet, Priscilla Branchu, Eric Oswald, Jean-Philippe Nougayrede
Summary: Up to 25% of healthy human feces-derived E. coli strains carry the pks genomic island, which is responsible for synthesizing colibactin, a genotoxic compound implicated in colorectal cancer. However, the expression conditions of colibactin in the gut remain poorly understood. In this study, it is demonstrated that colibactin production is highest under anoxic conditions and decreases with increased oxygen concentration. The positive regulation of colibactin production and genotoxicity by the aerobic respiration control (ArcA) in response to oxygen availability suggests that the pks biosynthetic pathway is adapted for the anoxic intestinal lumen and hypoxic infected or tumor tissue.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Antonio Francavilla, Giulio Ferrero, Barbara Pardini, Sonia Tarallo, Laura Zanatto, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Sabina Sieri, Sara Grioni, Giulia Francescato, Francesco Stalla, Cristina Guiotto, Lucia Crocella, Marco Astegiano, Mauro Bruno, Pier Luigi Calvo, Paolo Vineis, Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone, Alessio Naccarati
Summary: Current treatment for celiac disease is adhering to a gluten-free diet, but its long-term molecular effects are still unknown. This study explored fecal small non-coding RNAs and gut microbiome profiles in celiac disease subjects and found altered miRNA and microbial profiles in treated celiac disease subjects.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hui Xu, Haidan Luo, Jiayu Zhang, Kai Li, Mong-Hong Lee
Summary: The probiotic Clostridium butyricum (C.B) plays a role in regulating disease and cancers, but the mechanisms underlying these roles are largely unknown. This study reveals that C.B can reprogram the behavior of CRC cells by regulating crucial signaling molecules, such as MYC. By destabilizing MYC, C.B supplementation suppresses cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, enhances sensitivity to 5-FU treatment, and improves the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy.
