Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
T. Lovato, D. Peano, M. Butenschon, S. Materia, D. Iovino, E. Scoccimarro, P. G. Fogli, A. Cherchi, A. Bellucci, S. Gualdi, S. Masina, A. Navarra
Summary: This article introduces the second generation CMCC Earth System Model (CMCC-ESM2) and highlights its improvements in the representation of land and marine biogeochemical processes. The model shows a consistent representation of physical and biogeochemical quantities and performs well in comparison to observed data. However, there are discrepancies in the simulation of land carbon sink and marine primary production. Future projections suggest global warming and increased precipitation in the northern hemisphere. The model's predictions for oceanic pH and oxygen, as well as land carbon and nitrogen soil storage, align well with those of other CMIP6 models.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Roman Hoffmann, Raya Muttarak, Jonas Peisker, Piero Stanig
Summary: The study found that temperature anomalies, heatwaves, and droughts have a significant impact on environmental concerns and voting for Green parties in European regions. The climate effect varies substantially across regions, with cooler Continental or temperate Atlantic climates being more affected. The findings also suggest that experiences of climate change increase public support for climate action, but only under favorable economic conditions.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiangdong Zhang, Yunfei Fu, Zhe Han, James E. Overland, Annette Rinke, Han Tang, Timo Vihma, Muyin Wang
Summary: The three extreme cold weather events were caused by anomalies in three oceans and interactions between Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes, influenced by a sudden stratospheric warming event. These events disrupted the stratospheric polar vortex and led to cold air outbreaks, with implications for prediction skill and policy decision making for resilience in One Health, One Future.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fei Liu, Bin Wang, Yu Ouyang, Hui Wang, Shaobo Qiao, Guosen Chen, Wenjie Dong
Summary: Accurate prediction of global land monsoon rainfall on the sub-seasonal time scale is in high demand worldwide. However, current forecasts for weekly-mean rainfall in monsoon regions are only reliable up to two weeks. This highlights the need for a better understanding of monsoon intraseasonal variability (ISV). The study shows that the high-frequency ISV is crucial for predicting rainfall in the second and third week, and accounts for a significant portion of the total ISV. The low-frequency ISV is comparable to the high-frequency ISV in a few regions. The leading modes of high-frequency ISV in Northern Hemisphere monsoons are influenced by equatorial waves, while in Southern Hemisphere monsoons and East Asian monsoon they are influenced by mid-latitude wave trains. The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) has a direct effect on the low-frequency ISV and also influences American and African monsoons. Over the past four decades, the high-frequency and low-frequency ISVs have intensified over Asian monsoons but weakened over American monsoons. Sub-seasonal to seasonal prediction models exhibit higher prediction skills for monsoons that have larger low-frequency ISV contributions. This study emphasizes the need to improve the simulation of convectively coupled equatorial waves and the interaction between regional monsoon ISVs and mid-latitude processes, as well as the interaction between MJO and regional monsoons, especially under global warming scenarios.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
A. C. Bushell, J. A. Anstey, N. Butchart, Y. Kawatani, S. M. Osprey, J. H. Richter, F. Serva, P. Braesicke, C. Cagnazzo, C-C Chen, H-Y Chun, R. R. Garcia, L. J. Gray, K. Hamilton, T. Kerzenmacher, Y-H Kim, F. Lott, C. McLandress, H. Naoe, J. Scinocca, A. K. Smith, T. N. Stockdale, S. Versick, S. Watanabe, K. Yoshida, S. Yukimoto
Summary: Evaluation of quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) in thirteen atmospheric general circulation models reveals that most models capture the observed QBO period, although it is shorter than the observed period. The amplitudes in the models are generally lower than observed, with a typical decrease at lower altitudes. The models also show an overall upward shift and a narrower meridional extent compared to reanalysis. While most models capture the asymmetry in the duration of eastward and westward phases, not all models reproduce the observed slowing of the descending westward shear. The representation of non-orographic gravity waves (NOGWs) remains a major uncertainty in QBO simulation.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Min Zhao, Changxiu Cheng, Yuyu Zhou, Xuecao Li, Shi Shen, Changqing Song
Summary: This study generated a global dataset of annual urban extents from consistent nighttime light observations and analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of global urban dynamics over nearly 30 years. The resulting dataset was evaluated and found reliable for characterizing spatial extents associated with intensive human settlement and high-intensity socioeconomic activities. This dataset provides unique information for capturing the historical and future trajectories of urbanization and understanding its impacts on various aspects.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Mehrabi
Summary: This study focuses on landslide susceptibility mapping in the northern part of Lecco Province, Lombardy Region, Italy, utilizing statistical and machine learning models to predict landslide susceptibility values for the entire area. The results indicate that road networks play a significant role in landslide susceptibility.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Oldrich Rakovec, Luis Samaniego, Vittal Hari, Yannis Markonis, Vojtech Moravec, Stephan Thober, Martin Hanel, Rohini Kumar
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of drought hazard in Europe from 2018 to 2020 by comparing it to past exceptional events. The 2018-2020 drought event is identified as unprecedented, with a large coverage area and long duration. The study also highlights the impact of global warming on drought events and predicts that Europe should be prepared for even more severe and longer-lasting drought events in the future.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
David C. Dowell, Curtis R. Alexander, Eric P. James, Stephen S. Weygandt, Stanley G. Benjamin, Geoffrey S. Manikin, Benjamin T. Blake, John M. Brown, Joseph B. Olson, Ming Hu, Tatiana G. Smirnova, Terra Ladwig, Jaymes S. Kenyon, Ravan Ahmadov, David D. Turner, Jeffrey D. Duda, Trevor I. Alcott
Summary: The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) is a convection-allowing model that includes hourly data assimilation and covers the entire United States and Alaska in real time. Since its implementation in 2014, the focus of HRRR development has been on reducing model bias errors and improving forecast realism and accuracy. The final version of HRRR also features ensemble data assimilation and explicit prediction of wildfire smoke.
WEATHER AND FORECASTING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Irfan Ullah, Farhan Saleem, Vedaste Iyakaremye, Jun Yin, Xieyao Ma, Sidra Syed, Saadia Hina, Temesgen Gebremariam Asfaw, Abubaker Omer
Summary: The risk and persistence of heatwave events have intensified and are expected to increase faster in the future. This study investigates the projected heat stress and associated socioeconomic exposure in South Asia using climate models, population, and GDP projections. The findings suggest that the region is at risk of widespread changes in heat stress, with significant increases in population and GDP exposure.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Youhua Ran, Xin Li, Guodong Cheng, Jingxin Che, Juha Aalto, Olli Karjalainen, Jan Hjort, Miska Luoto, Huijun Jin, Jaroslav Obu, Masahiro Hori, Qihao Yu, Xiaoli Chang
Summary: Monitoring the thermal state of permafrost is crucial for environmental science and engineering applications. This study presents novel permafrost datasets for the Northern Hemisphere, providing predictions of mean annual ground temperature and active layer thickness, as well as estimates of permafrost occurrence and zonation based on hydrothermal conditions. These datasets, integrated with extensive field and geospatial data, are more accurate than previous circumpolar maps. They contribute to an updated understanding of permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere and have potential applications in various fields.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rohallah Fattahi Nafchi, Hamid Raeisi Vanani, Kobra Noori Pashaee, Hosein Samadi Brojeni, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari
Summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness of using a ramp on step-pools to protect water channels against erosion and reduce downstream scouring depth. Results showed that installing a ramp on the steps can significantly decrease the maximum scouring depth downstream, enhancing the stability of protective structures.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mehmet Cetin, Akram Mohamed Omar Aljama, Osama B. Muragaa Alrabiti, Fatih Adiguzel, Hakan Sevik, Ilknur Zeren Cetin
Summary: The change in soil quality due to soil pollution significantly affects the ecosystem. Heavy metals, such as nickel and cobalt, are particularly notorious as environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and bioaccumulation. Monitoring and mapping their concentrations is of great importance. In this study, top soil samples from the city center were analyzed for nickel and cobalt concentrations, and the data were statistically evaluated and mapped using geographic information systems (GIS) and interpolation methods. The results showed that the areas with the highest concentrations were generally located in the center of the study area, indicating increased pollution in areas with high human activities.
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Christoph Boehringer, Carolyn Fischer, Knut Einar Rosendahl, Thomas Fox Rutherford
Summary: Border carbon adjustments are a measure to address carbon leakage and competitiveness concerns, but their viability is substantially reduced due to current legal and practical implementation constraints.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cristian A. Vargas, L. Antonio Cuevas, Bernardo R. Broitman, Valeska A. San Martin, Nelson A. Lagos, Juan Diego Gaitan-Espitia, Sam Dupont
Summary: The authors link the effects of pCO(2) on marine invertebrates to their localized coastal habitats. They emphasize the importance of small-scale variability and adaptation. The study found that the impact of a given pCO(2) scenario depends on the deviation from the upper pCO(2) level experienced by local populations, highlighting the need to consider local adaptation and natural variability.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huiying Liu, Hao Wang, Nan Li, Junjiong Shao, Xuhui Zhou, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Madhav P. Thakur
Summary: Climate warming is causing mismatches in above- and belowground plant phenological responses, with herbaceous plants showing asynchronous changes in aboveground and belowground seasons, and woody plants experiencing extended belowground growing seasons. This mismatch has significant implications for biomass allocation and carbon cycling in plants, highlighting the need for further research.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Roger Pielke, Matthew G. Burgess, Justin Ritchie
Summary: Emissions scenarios used by the IPCC play a central role in climate change research and policy. A subset of plausible scenarios projected 2-3 degrees C of warming by 2100, indicating that the world is currently on a lower emissions trajectory than expected. However, these scenarios also suggest that the world is still off track from limiting 21st-century warming to 1.5 degrees C or below 2 degrees C.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tianbao Zhao, Aiguo Dai
Summary: This study analyzes hydroclimatic changes and drought using data from 25 models in the 21st century. The results show that there will be drying in most regions, with surface soil moisture experiencing more severe and widespread drought compared to total soil moisture. Overall, there will be an increase in drought frequency and duration in the coming decades, primarily due to decreased precipitation and increased evapotranspiration. There are large uncertainties in drought projections due to variations in model outputs.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xiao Zhang, Liangyun Liu, Tingting Zhao, Yuan Gao, Xidong Chen, Jun Mi
Summary: This study presents a novel and automatic method to generate a global 30m impervious-surface dynamic dataset from 1985 to 2020 using time-series Landsat imagery. The results show that the global impervious surface area has doubled in the past 35 years, with Asia experiencing the largest increase.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jadwiga H. Richter, Neal Butchart, Yoshio Kawatani, Andrew C. Bushell, Laura Holt, Federico Serva, James Anstey, Isla R. Simpson, Scott Osprey, Kevin Hamilton, Peter Braesicke, Chiara Cagnazzo, Chih-Chieh Chen, Rolando R. Garcia, Lesley J. Gray, Tobias Kerzenmacher, Francois Lott, Charles McLandress, Hiroaki Naoe, John Scinocca, Timothy N. Stockdale, Stefan Versick, Shingo Watanabe, Kohei Yoshida, Seiji Yukimoto
Summary: We compared the response of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) to a warming climate in eleven atmosphere general circulation models and found that there was no consistency in the QBO period response among the models, but there was a consistent decrease in the QBO amplitude. The differences in the QBO period response were strongly related to the changes in gravity wave momentum flux and tropical vertical residual velocity, while the decrease in QBO amplitude was correlated with changes in vertical residual velocity, parameterized gravity wave momentum fluxes, and to some degree the resolved upward wave flux.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
