Medicine, General & Internal

Article Medicine, General & Internal

The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels

Marina Romanello, Claudia Di Napoli, Paul Drummond, Carole Green, Harry Kennard, Pete Lampard, Daniel Scamman, Nigel Arnell, Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson, Lea Berrang Ford, Kristine Belesova, Kathryn Bowen, Wenjia Cai, Max Callaghan, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, Jonathan Chambers, Kim R. van Daalen, Carole Dalin, Niheer Dasandi, Shouro Dasgupta, Michael Davies, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Robert Dubrow, Kristie L. Ebi, Matthew Eckelman, Paul Ekins, Luis E. Escobar, Lucien Georgeson, Hilary Graham, Samuel H. Gunther, Ian Hamilton, Yun Hang, Risto Hanninen, Stella Hartinger, Kehan He, Jeremy J. Hess, Shih-Che Hsu, Slava Jankin, Louis Jamart, Ollie Jay, Ilan Kelman, Gregor Kiesewetter, Patrick Kinney, Tord Kjellstrom, Dominic Kniveton, Jason K. W. Lee, Bruno Lemke, Yang Liu, Zhao Liu, Melissa Lott, Martin Lotto Batista, Rachel Lowe, Frances MacGuire, Maquins Odhiambo Sewe, Jaime Martinez-Urtaza, Mark Maslin, Lucy McAllister, Alice McGushin, Celia McMichael, Zhifu Mi, James Milner, Kelton Minor, Jan C. Minx, Nahid Mohajeri, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Karyn Morrissey, Simon Munzert, Kris A. Murray, Tara Neville, Maria Nilsson, Nick Obradovich, Megan B. O'Hare, Tadj Oreszczyn, Matthias Otto, Fereidoon Owfi, Olivia Pearman, Mahnaz Rabbaniha, Elizabeth J. Z. Robinson, Joacim Rocklov, Renee N. Salas, Jan C. Semenza, Jodi D. Sherman, Liuhua Shi, Joy Shumake-Guillemot, Grant Silbert, Mikhail Sofiev, Marco Springmann, Jennifer Stowell, Meisam Tabatabaei, Jonathon Taylor, Joaquin Trinanes, Fabian Wagner, Paul Wilkinson, Matthew Winning, Marisol Yglesias-Gonzalez, Shihui Zhang, Peng Gong, Hugh Montgomery, Anthony Costello

LANCET (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis Guiding Adjuvant Therapy in Stage II Colon Cancer

Jeanne Tie, Joshua D. Cohen, Kamel Lahouel, Serigne N. Lo, Yuxuan Wang, Suzanne Kosmider, Rachel Wong, Jeremy Shapiro, Margaret Lee, Sam Harris, Adnan Khattak, Matthew Burge, Marion Harris, James Lynam, Louise Nott, Fiona Day, Theresa Hayes, Sue-Anne McLachlan, Belinda Lee, Janine Ptak, Natalie Silliman, Lisa Dobbyn, Maria Popoli, Ralph Hruban, Anne Marie Lennon, Nicholas Papadopoulos, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Cristian Tomasetti, Peter Gibbs

Summary: This study found that using ctDNA results to guide treatment decisions for stage II colon cancer reduced the use of adjuvant chemotherapy without compromising recurrence-free survival.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Genetically Modified Porcine-to-Human Cardiac Xenotransplantation

Bartley P. Griffith, Corbin E. Goerlich, Avneesh K. Singh, Martine Rothblatt, Christine L. Lau, Aakash Shah, Marc Lorber, Alison Grazioli, Kapil K. Saharia, Susie N. Hong, Susan M. Joseph, David Ayares, Muhammad M. Mohiuddin

Summary: A porcine-to-human heart transplantation was performed on a 57-year-old man with nonischemic cardiomyopathy who was not eligible for standard therapeutics, including traditional allograft. The patient was successfully weaned from ECMO and the xenograft functioned normally until sudden failure on day 49 post-transplantation. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms responsible for the changes observed in the xenograft.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in New York State

Eli S. Rosenberg, Vajeera Dorabawila, Delia Easton, Ursula E. Bauer, Jessica Kumar, Rebecca Hoen, Dina Hoefer, Meng Wu, Emily Lutterloh, Mary Beth Conroy, Danielle Greene, Howard A. Zucker

Summary: The effectiveness of the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines in New York State from May to August 2021 was assessed. Initial protection was high, but there was a modest decline in effectiveness after the surge of the delta variant, especially among recipients aged 65 and older. However, protection against hospitalization remained high.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Obesity management as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes: time to reframe the conversation

Ildiko Lingvay, Priya Sumithran, Ricardo Cohen, Carel W. le Roux

Summary: Obesity is recognized as a disease associated with serious morbidity and increased mortality. Weight loss has been shown to improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as reduce risk factors for cardiometabolic disease and improve quality of life.

LANCET (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Risk of long COVID associated with delta versus omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2

Michela Antonelli, Joan Capdevila Pujol, Tim D. Spector, Sebastien Ourselin, Claire J. Steves

LANCET (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women in 2018

Lynnmarie Sardinha, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Heidi Stockl, Sarah Rachel Meyer, Claudia Garcia-Moreno

Summary: This study provides global estimates on the prevalence of physical or sexual violence against women by male intimate partners. The findings show that this type of violence was highly prevalent worldwide before the COVID-19 pandemic, and governments are not making satisfactory progress in eliminating violence against women and girls. Urgent investments in effective interventions and strengthening the public health response to intimate partner violence are needed.

LANCET (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Casirivimab and imdevimab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Peter W. Horby, Marion Mafham, Leon Peto, Mark Campbell, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Enti Spata, Natalie Staplin, Jonathan R. Emberson, Benjamin Prudon, Paul Hine, Thomas Brown, Christopher A. Green, Rahuldeb Sarkar, Purav Desai, Bryan Yates, Tom Bewick, Simon Tiberi, Tim Felton, J. Kenneth Baillie, Maya H. Bitch, Lucy C. Chappell, Saul N. Faust, Thomas Jaki, Katie Jeffery, Edmund Juszczak, Wei Shen Lim, Alan Montgomery, Andrew Mumford, Kathryn Rowan, David M. Weinreich, Richard Haynes, Martin J. Landray

Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination therapy of casirivimab and imdevimab in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The results showed that this combination therapy reduced the 28-day mortality rate in patients without detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection at baseline, but not in those with detectable antibodies.

LANCET (2022)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

The EASL-Lancet Liver Commission: protecting the next generation of Europeans against liver disease complications and premature mortality

Tom H. Karlsen, Nick Sheron, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Patrizia Carrieri, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Rachel Pryke, Sharon J. Hutchinson, Bruno Sangro, Natasha K. Martin, Michele Cecchini, Mae Ashworth Dirac, Annalisa Belloni, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Cyriel Y. Ponsioen, Brittney Sheena, Alienor Lerouge, Marion Devaux, Nick Scott, Margaret Hellard, Henkjan J. Verkade, Ekkehard Sturm, Giulio Marchesini, Hannele Yki-Jarvinen, Chris D. Byrne, Giovanni Targher, Aviad Tur-Sinai, Damon Barrett, Michael Ninburg, Tatjana Reic, Alison Taylor, Tim Rhodes, Carla Treloar, Claus Petersen, Christoph Schramm, Robert Flisiak, Marieta Y. Simonova, Albert Pares, Philip Johnson, Alessandro Cucchetti, Isabel Graupera, Christos Lionis, Elisa Pose, Nuria Fabrellas, Ann T. Ma, Juan M. Mendive, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Harry Rutter, Helena Cortez-Pinto, Deirdre Kelly, Robyn Burton, Jeffrey Lazarus, Pere Gines, Maria Buti, Philip N. Newsome, Patrizia Burra, Michael P. Manns

LANCET (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Pembrolizumab versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in completely resected stage IIB or IIC melanoma (KEYNOTE-716): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial

Jason J. Luke, Piotr Rutkowski, Paola Queirolo, Michele Del Vecchio, Jacek Mackiewicz, Vanna Chiarion-Sileni, Luis de la Cruz-Merino, Muhammad A. Khattak, Dirk Schadendorf, Georgina Long, Paolo A. Ascierto, Mario Mandala, Federica De Galitiis, Andrew Haydon, Reinhard Dummer, Jean-Jacques Grob, Caroline Robert, Matteo S. Carlino, Peter Mohr, Andrew Poklepovic, Vernon K. Sondak, Richard A. Scolyer, John M. Kirkwood, Ke Chen, Scott J. Diede, Sama Ahsan, Nageatte Ibrahim, Alexander M. M. Eggermont

Summary: The study demonstrates that Pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy significantly prolongs recurrence-free survival in patients with stage II melanoma, with manageable safety profile.

LANCET (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection and Waning of Natural and Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2

Yair Goldberg, Micha Mandel, Yinon M. Bar-On, Omri Bodenheimer, Laurence S. Freedman, Nachman Ash, Sharon Alroy-Preis, Amit Huppert, Ron Milo

Summary: This study used data from the Israeli Ministry of Health database to compare the rate of infection with the time since immunity-confering events. The results showed that the protection against reinfection decreased over time for individuals who had previously been infected or vaccinated, but it was still higher than the protection conferred after the same time had elapsed since the second dose of vaccine among those who were previously uninfected. A single dose of vaccine after infection reinforced protection against reinfection.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Teclistamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Philippe Moreau, Alfred L. Garfall, Niels W. C. J. van de Donk, Hareth Nahi, Jesus F. San-Miguel, Albert Oriol, Ajay K. Nooka, Thomas Martin, Laura Rosinol, Ajai Chari, Lionel Karlin, Lotfi Benboubker, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Nizar Bahlis, Rakesh Popat, Britta Besemer, Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, Surbhi Sidana, Michel Delforge, Lixia Pei, Danielle Trancucci, Raluca Verona, Suzette Girgis, Shun X. W. Lin, Yunsi Olyslager, Mindy Jaffe, Clarissa Uhlar, Tara Stephenson, Rian Van Rampelbergh, Arnob Banerjee, Jenna D. Goldberg, Rachel Kobos, Amrita Krishnan, Saad Z. Usmani

Summary: Teclistamab demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, leading to high rates of deep and durable response. Common adverse events included cytokine release syndrome, cytopenias, and infections, with toxic effects mostly grade 1 or 2.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of Antiviral Agents against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariant BA.2

Emi Takashita, Noriko Kinoshita, Seiya Yamayoshi, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Mutsumi Ito, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Peter Halfmann, Shinji Watanabe, Kenji Maeda, Masaki Imai, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Norio Ohmagari, Makoto Takeda, Hideki Hasegawa, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines over a 9-Month Period in North Carolina

Dan-Yu Lin, Yu Gu, Bradford Wheeler, Hayley Young, Shannon Holloway, Shadia-Khan Sunny, Zack Moore, Donglin Zeng

Summary: In a study conducted in North Carolina, Covid-19 vaccines were found to be highly effective in preventing hospitalization and death for up to 9 months after vaccination. The decrease in protection against infection over time was attributed to both declining immunity and the emergence of the delta variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Nirsevimab for Prevention of RSV in Healthy Late-Preterm and Term Infants

Laura L. Hammitt, Ron Dagan, Yuan Yuan, Manuel Baca Cots, Miroslava Bosheva, Shabir A. Madhi, William J. Muller, Heather J. Zar, Dennis Brooks, Amy Grenham, Ulrika Wahlby Hamren, Vaishali S. Mankad, Pin Ren, Therese Takas, Michael E. Abram, Amanda Leach, M. Pamela Griffin, Tonya Villafana

Summary: A single injection of nirsevimab administered before the RSV season protected healthy late-preterm and term infants from medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses

Summary: This study presents the final results of the Solidarity trial and meta-analyses of mortality in relevant trials. The findings suggest that remdesivir does not have a significant effect on COVID-19 patients who are already on ventilators. However, it does have a small effect against death or progression to ventilation in other hospitalized patients.

LANCET (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Lisocabtagene maraleucel versus standard of care with salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation as second-line treatment in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (TRANSFORM): results from an interim analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial

Manali Kamdar, Scott R. Solomon, Jon Arnason, Patrick B. Johnston, Bertram Glass, Veronika Bachanova, Sami Ibrahimi, Stephan Mielke, Pim Mutsaers, Francisco Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Koji Izutsu, Franck Morschhauser, Matthew Lunning, David G. Maloney, Alessandro Crotta, Sandrine Montheard, Alessandro Previtali, Lara Stepan, Ken Ogasawara, Timothy Mack, Jeremy S. Abramson

Summary: This study shows that lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), an autologous, CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, is an effective second-line treatment option for patients with early relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). Liso-cel significantly improved event-free survival compared to standard of care, with manageable safety.

LANCET (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Noninvasive Respiratory Strategies on Intubation or Mortality Among Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and COVID-19 The RECOVERY-RS Randomized Clinical Trial

Gavin D. Perkins, Chen Ji, Bronwen A. Connolly, Keith Couper, Ranjit Lall, J. Kenneth Baillie, Judy M. Bradley, Paul Dark, Chirag Dave, Anthony De Soyza, Anna Dennis, Anne Devrell, Sara Fairbairn, Hakim Ghani, Ellen A. Gorman, Christopher A. Green, Nicholas Hart, Siew Wan Hee, Zoe Kimbley, Shyam Madathil, Nicola McGowan, Benjamin Messer, Jay Naisbitt, Chloe Norman, Dhruv Parekh, Emma M. Parkin, Jaimin Patel, Scott E. Regan, Clare Ross, Anthony J. Rostron, Mohammad Saim, Anita K. Simonds, Emma Skilton, Nigel Stallard, Michael Steiner, Rama Vancheeswaran, Joyce Yeung, Daniel F. McAuley

Summary: Among patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19, an initial strategy of CPAP significantly reduced the risk of tracheal intubation or mortality compared with conventional oxygen therapy, but there was no significant difference between an initial strategy of HFNO compared with conventional oxygen therapy. The study may have been underpowered for the comparison of HFNO vs conventional oxygen therapy, and early study termination and crossover among the groups should be considered when interpreting the findings.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mortality, In-Hospital Morbidity, Care Practices, and 2-Year Outcomes for Extremely Preterm Infants in the US, 2013-2018

Edward F. Bell, Susan R. Hintz, Nellie Hansen, Carla M. Bann, Myra H. Wyckoff, Sara B. DeMauro, Michele C. Walsh, Betty R. Vohr, Barbara J. Stoll, Waldemar A. Carlo, Krisa P. Van Meurs, Matthew A. Rysavy, Ravi M. Patel, Stephanie L. Merhar, Pablo J. Sanchez, Abbot R. Laptook, Anna Maria Hibbs, C. Michael Cotten, Carl T. D'Angio, Sarah Winter, Janell Fuller, Abhik Das

Summary: Despite improvements, extremely preterm infants still have a significant impact on neonatal mortality and childhood morbidity. This study reviewed the survival, in-hospital morbidities, care practices, and neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes at 22-26 months' corrected age for extremely preterm infants born at 19 US academic centers. The findings showed that survival rate has increased compared to previous years, but rehospitalizations and neurodevelopmental impairments are still common among infants born at less than 27 weeks' gestational age.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Intra-arrest Transport, Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, and Immediate Invasive Assessment and Treatment on Functional Neurologic Outcome in Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest A Randomized Clinical Trial

Jan Belohlavek, Jana Smalcova, Daniel Rob, Ondrej Franek, Ondrej Smid, Milana Pokorna, Jan Horak, Vratislav Mrazek, Tomas Kovarnik, David Zemanek, Ales Kral, Stepan Havranek, Petra Kavalkova, Lucie Kompelentova, Helena Tomkova, Alan Mejstrik, Jaroslav Valasek, David Peran, Jaroslav Pekara, Jan Rulisek, Martin Balik, Michal Huptych, Jiri Jarkovsky, Jan Malik, Anna Valerianova, Frantisek Mlejnsky, Petr Kolouch, Petra Havrankova, Dan Romportl, Arnost Komarek, Ales Linhart

Summary: The study aimed to determine whether an early invasive approach improves neurologically favorable survival in patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The results showed no significant difference in survival with neurologically favorable outcome at 180 days between the invasive strategy group and the standard strategy group. However, the invasive strategy group had higher rates of neurologic and cardiac recovery at 30 days.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)