Medicine, General & Internal

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Darolutamide and Survival in Metastatic, Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer

Matthew R. Smith, Maha Hussain, Fred Saad, Karim Fizazi, Cora N. Sternberg, E. David Crawford, Evgeny Kopyltsov, Chandler H. Park, Boris Alekseev, Alvaro Montesa-Pino, Dingwei Ye, Francis Parnis, Felipe Cruz, Teuvo L. J. Tammela, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Tapio Utriainen, Cheng Fu, Motohide Uemura, Maria J. Mendez-Vidal, Benjamin L. Maughan, Heikki Joensuu, Silke Thiele, Rui Li, Iris Kuss, Bertrand Tombal

Summary: Darolutamide, in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy and docetaxel, significantly increased overall survival among patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer compared to placebo plus androgen-deprivation therapy and docetaxel. The addition of darolutamide also led to improvement in secondary end points without notable differences in adverse events.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection by a Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 against Omicron in Israel

Yinon M. Bar-On, Yair Goldberg, Micha Mandel, Omri Bodenheimer, Ofra Amir, Laurence Freedman, Sharon Alroy-Preis, Nachman Ash, Amit Huppert, Ron Milo

Summary: After administering the fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine to individuals aged 60 years and older during the period when the omicron variant was predominant, Israel observed lower rates of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe Covid-19 compared to those who received only three doses. The protection against severe illness remained consistent, while the protection against confirmed infection decreased over time.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections

Heba N. Altarawneh, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Patrick Tang, Mohammad R. Hasan, Hadi M. Yassine, Hebah A. Al-Khatib, Maria K. Smatti, Peter Coyle, Zaina Al-Kanaani, Einas Al-Kuwari, Andrew Jeremijenko, Anvar H. Kaleeckal, Ali N. Latif, Riyazuddin M. Shaik, Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Mohamed G. Al-Kuwari, Adeel A. Butt, Hamad E. Al-Romaihi, Mohamed H. Al-Thani, Abdullatif Al-Khal, Roberto Bertollini, Laith J. Abu-Raddad

Summary: An analysis of data from Qatar showed that previous infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity all demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against symptomatic Covid-19 caused by the BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages of the Omicron variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials

Muthiah Vaduganathan, Kieran F. Docherty, Brian L. Claggett, Pardeep S. Jhund, Rudolf A. de Boer, Adrian F. Hernandez, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Carolyn S. P. Lam, Felipe Martinez, Sanjiv J. Shah, Akshay S. Desai, John J. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon

Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of the therapeutic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure patients, showing that these drugs can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in heart failure patients, demonstrating their importance in foundational treatment.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar

L. J. Abu-Raddad, H. Chemaitelly, H. H. Ayoub, S. AlMukdad, H. M. Yassine, H. A. Al-Khatib, M. K. Smatti, P. Tang, M. R. Hasan, P. Coyle, Z. Al-Kanaani, E. Al-Kuwari, A. Jeremijenko, A. H. Kaleeckal, A. N. Latif, R. M. Shaik, H. F. Abdul-Rahim, G. K. Nasrallah, M. G. Al-Kuwari, A. A. Butt, H. E. Al-Romaihi, M. H. Al-Thani, A. Al-Khal, R. Bertollini

Summary: A study in Qatar showed that booster vaccination significantly reduced the incidence of infection with the omicron variant, providing strong protection against Covid-19-related hospitalization and death. Booster effectiveness was observed for both mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, with lower infection rates and reduced severity of cases among those who received the booster dose.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age

Aamer Imdad, Evan Mayo-Wilson, Maya R. Haykal, Allison Regan, Jasleen Sidhu, Abigail Smith, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

Summary: Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health problem in low- and middle-income countries, and vitamin A supplementation has been found to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in children.

COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Endometrial cancer

Emma J. Crosbie, Sarah J. Kitson, Jessica N. McAlpine, Asima Mukhopadhyay, Melanie E. Powell, Naveena Singh

Summary: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in high income countries, with a global rise in incidence. Obesity is the major underlying cause, posing challenges for diagnosis and treatment. Early presentation with postmenopausal bleeding ensures cure, but advanced cases have poor prognosis. Minimally invasive surgical staging and targeted chemotherapeutic strategies are important advances.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and Safety of NVX-CoV2373 in Adults in the United States and Mexico

Lisa M. Dunkle, Karen L. Kotloff, Cynthia L. Gay, German Anez, Jeffrey M. Adelglass, Alejandro Q. Barrat Hernandez, Wayne L. Harper, Daniel M. Duncanson, Monica A. McArthur, Diana F. Florescu, R. Scott McClelland, Veronica Garcia-Fragoso, Robert A. Riesenberg, David B. Musante, David L. Fried, Beth E. Safirstein, Mark McKenzie, Robert J. Jeanfreau, Jeffrey K. Kingsley, Jeffrey A. Henderson, Dakotah C. Lane, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Robert W. Coombs, Alex L. Greninger, Julia Hutter, Julie A. Ake, Katherine Smith, Wayne Woo, Iksung Cho, Gregory M. Glenn, Filip Dubovsky

Summary: The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine has shown to be safe and highly effective in preventing Covid-19, with a vaccine efficacy of 90.4% against reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction-confirmed cases and 100% efficacy against moderate-to-severe disease. The vaccine also demonstrated high efficacy against various variants of the virus.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Biologic Therapies for Severe Asthma

Guy G. Brusselle, Gerard H. Koppelman

Summary: Biologic therapies may be necessary to reduce the disease burden and risks for severe asthma patients. This review discusses the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of biologics for severe asthma.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Population Immunity and Covid-19 Severity with Omicron Variant in South Africa

Shabir A. Madhi, Gaurav Kwatra, Jonathan E. Myers, Waasila Jassat, Nisha Dhar, Christian K. Mukendi, Amit J. Nana, Lucille Blumberg, Richard Welch, Nicoletta Ngorima-Mabhena, Portia C. Mutevedzi

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 spread more rapidly in South Africa, where two thirds of unvaccinated residents were found to have past infections. Omicron peaked just 1 month after being detected, with hospitalizations and deaths not increasing proportionately with the rise in cases. It remains unclear whether this change is due to widespread preexisting immunity or unique features of the virus.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Arndt Vogel, Tim Meyer, Gonzalo Sapisochin, Riad Salem, Anna Saborowski

Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common cancer worldwide, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease becoming a dominant cause. Treatment options are varied, including surgery, radiation, and medication. With the approval of new drugs and the development of immunotherapy, the outlook for hepatocellular carcinoma patients has improved, but the optimal sequencing of drugs and predictive biomarkers still need further research.

LANCET (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 omicron despite mRNA vaccine booster dose

Constanze Kuhlmann, Carla Konstanze Mayer, Mathilda Claassen, Tongai Maponga, Wendy A. Burgers, Roanne Keeton, Catherine Riou, Andrew D. Sutherland, Tasnim Suliman, Megan L. Shaw, Wolfgang Preiser

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Second-Line Tisagenlecleucel or Standard Care in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma

M. R. Bishop, M. Dickinson, D. Purtill, P. Barba, A. Santoro, N. Hamad, K. Kato, A. Sureda, R. Greil, C. Thieblemont, F. Morschhauser, M. Janz, I Flinn, W. Rabitsch, Y-L Kwong, M. J. Kersten, M. C. Minnema, H. Holte, E. H. L. Chan, J. Martinez-Lopez, A. M. S. Mueller, R. T. Maziarz, J. P. McGuirk, E. Bachy, S. Le Gouill, M. Dreyling, H. Harigae, D. Bond, C. Andreadis, P. McSweeney, M. Kharfan-Dabaja, S. Newsome, E. Degtyarev, R. Awasthi, C. del Corral, G. Andreola, A. Masood, S. J. Schuster, U. Jaeger, P. Borchmann, J. R. Westin

Summary: Tisagenlecleucel did not demonstrate superiority over standard salvage therapy in this trial. Further studies are needed to evaluate which patients may benefit the most from each approach.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Daily Liraglutide on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity Without Diabetes The STEP 8 Randomized Clinical Trial

Domenica M. Rubino, Frank L. Greenway, Usman Khalid, Patrick M. O'Neil, Julio Rosenstock, Rasmus Sorrig, Thomas A. Wadden, Alicja Wizert, W. Timothy Garvey

Summary: In overweight or obese adults without diabetes, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide resulted in significantly greater weight loss compared to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide when added to counseling for diet and physical activity over 68 weeks.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Polatuzumab Vedotin in Previously Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Herve Tilly, Franck Morschhauser, Laurie H. Sehn, Jonathan W. Friedberg, M. Trneny, Jeff P. Sharman, Charles Herbaux, John M. Burke, Matthew Matasar, Shinya Rai, Koji Izutsu, Neha Mehta-Shah, Lucie Oberic, Adrien Chauchet, Wojciech Jurczak, Yuqin Song, Richard Greil, Larysa Mykhalska, Juan M. Bergua-Burgues, Matthew C. Cheung, Antonio Pinto, Ho-Jin Shin, Greg Hapgood, Eduardo Munhoz, Pau Abrisqueta, Jyh-Pyng Gau, Jamie Hirata, Yanwen Jiang, Mark Yan, Calvin Lee, Christopher R. Flowers, Gilles Salles

Summary: In untreated intermediate-risk or high-risk DLBCL patients, those who received pola-R-CHP had a lower risk of disease progression, relapse, or death compared to those who received R-CHOP. Overall survival and safety profiles were similar between the two groups.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Bivalent Omicron-Containing Booster Vaccine against Covid-19

Spyros Chalkias, Charles Harper, Keith Vrbicky, Stephen R. Walsh, Brandon Essink, Adam Brosz, Nichole McGhee, Joanne E. Tomassini, Xing Chen, Ying Chang, Andrea Sutherland, David C. Montefiori, Bethany Girard, Darin K. Edwards, Jing Feng, Honghong Zhou, Lindsey R. Baden, Jacqueline M. Miller, Rituparna Das

Summary: This study compared the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of the bivalent omicron-containing mRNA-1273.214 booster vaccine with the previously authorized mRNA-1273 booster. The mRNA-1273.214 elicited superior neutralizing antibody responses against the omicron variant compared to mRNA-1273, without evident safety concerns.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Abiraterone plus prednisone added to androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (PEACE-1): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study with a 2 x 2 factorial design

Karim Fizazi, Stephanie Foulon, Joan Carles, Guilhem Roubaud, Ray McDermott, Aude Flechon, Bertrand Tombal, Stephane Supiot, Dominik Berthold, Philippe Ronchin, Gabriel Kacso, Gwenaelle Gravis, Fabio Calabro, Jean-Francois Berdah, Ali Hasbini, Marlon Silva, Antoine Thiery-Vuillemin, Igor Latorzeff, Loic Mourey, Brigitte Laguerre, Sophie Abadie-Lacourtoisie, Etienne Martin, Claude El Kouri, Anne Escande, Alvar Rosello, Nicolas Magne, Friederike Schlurmann, Frank Priou, Marie-Eve Chand-Fouche, Salvador Villa Freixa, Muhammad Jamaluddin, Isabelle Rieger, Alberto Bossi

Summary: Combining androgen deprivation therapy, docetaxel, and abiraterone in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer improved overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival with a modest increase in toxicity, mostly hypertension.

LANCET (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2: Mutation, infectivity, transmission, and vaccine resistance

Shi-Yan Ren, Wen-Biao Wang, Rong-Ding Gao, Ai-Mei Zhou

Summary: This review summarizes the highly mutated regions, infectivity, transmission, vaccine breakthrough, and antibody resistance of the SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron. Omicron is highly transmissible and may cause milder symptoms. Vaccines are less effective against the Omicron variant.

WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma A Review

Andrew J. Cowan, Damian J. Green, Mary Kwok, Sarah Lee, David G. Coffey, Leona A. Holmberg, Sherilyn Tuazon, Ajay K. Gopal, Edward N. Libby

Summary: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, often leading to anemia, bone disease, and kidney injury. Diagnosis involves measuring various biomarkers, while treatment options include chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and maintenance therapy.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Point-of-care viral load tests to detect high HIV viral load in people living with HIV/AIDS attending health facilities

Eleanor A. Ochodo, Easter Elizabeth Olwanda, Jonathan J. Deeks, Sue Mallett

Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care (POC) tests in detecting high viral load levels in people living with HIV (PLHIV). The results showed that POC tests have high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing high HIV viral load in PLHIV attending healthcare facilities at a clinical threshold of >= 1000 copies/mL.

COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2022)

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