Medicine, General & Internal

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralization Escape by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5

Nicole P. Hachmann, Jessica Miller, Ai-ris Y. Collier, John D. Ventura, Jingyou Yu, Marjorie Rowe, Esther A. Bondzie, Olivia Powers, Nehalee Surve, Kevin Hall, Dan H. Barouch

Summary: A small study found that omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 of SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to evade neutralizing antibodies induced by both vaccination and previous infection compared to the prior omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization in Serum from Vaccinated and Convalescent Persons

Annika Roessler, Lydia Riepler, David Bante, Dorothee von Laer, Janine Kimpel

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features and novel presentations of human monkeypox in a central London centre during the 2022 outbreak: descriptive case series

Aatish Patel, Julia Bilinska, Jerry C. H. Tam, Dayana Da Silva Fontoura, Claire Y. Mason, Anna Daunt, Luke B. Snell, Jamie Murphy, Jack Potter, Cecilia Tuudah, Rohan Sundramoorthi, Movin Abeywickrema, Caitlin Pley, Vasanth Naidu, Gaia Nebbia, Emma Aarons, Alina Botgros, Sam T. Douthwaite, Claire van Nispen Tot Pannerden, Helen Winslow, Aisling Brown, Daniella Chilton, Achyuta Nori

Summary: This study characterizes the clinical features of monkeypox infection in humans and confirms the ongoing community transmission among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in the UK and other non-endemic countries. The study found variable temporal association between mucocutaneous and systemic features, suggesting a new clinical course of the disease. New clinical presentations, including rectal pain and penile edema, were identified.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity Comment

Kar Keung Cheng, Tai Hing Lam, Chi Chiu Leung

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study

Eloy Jose Tarin-Vicente, Andrea Alemany, Manuel Agud-Dios, Maria Ubals, Clara Suner, Andres Anton, Maider Arando, Jorge Arroyo-Andres, Lorena Calderon-Lozano, Cristina Casan, Jose Miguel Cabrera, Pep Coll, Vicente Descalzo, Maria Dolores Folgueira, Jorge N. Garcia-Perez, Elena Gil-Cruz, Borja Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Christian Gutierrez-Collar, Agueda Hernandez-Rodriguez, Paula Lopez-Roa, Maria de los Angeles Melendez, Julia Montero-Menarguez, Irene Munoz-Gallego, Sara Isabel Palencia-Perez, Roger Paredes, Alfredo Perez-Rivilla, Maria Pinana, Nuria Prat, Aida Ramirez, Angel Rivero, Carmen Alejandra Rubio-Muniz, Marti Vall, Kevin Stephen Acosta-Velasquez, An Wang, Cristina Galvan-Casas, Michael Marks, Pablo L. Ortiz-Romero, Oriol Mitja

Summary: This study investigated the clinical and virological characteristics of cases of human monkeypox in Spain. The findings showed that monkeypox caused genital, perianal, and oral lesions and complications including proctitis and tonsillitis. Lesion swabs showed the highest viral loads, suggesting close contact as the dominant transmission route in the current outbreak.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Bob T. Li, Egbert F. Smit, Yasushi Goto, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Hibiki Udagawa, Julien Mazieres, Misako Nagasaka, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Andreas N. Saltos, Enriqueta Felip, Jose M. Pacheco, Maurice Perol, Luis Paz-Ares, Kapil Saxena, Ryota Shiga, Yingkai Cheng, Suddhasatta Acharyya, Patrik Vitazka, Javad Shahidi, David Planchard, Pasi A. Janne

Summary: Trastuzumab deruxtecan demonstrated durable anticancer activity in previously treated HER2-mutant NSCLC patients, with two cases of fatal drug-related interstitial lung disease reported. The observed toxic effects were generally consistent with previous studies.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of Antibodies and Antiviral Drugs against Covid-19 Omicron Variant

Emi Takashita, Noriko Kinoshita, Seiya Yamayoshi, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Mutsumi Ito, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Shiho Chiba, Peter Halfmann, Hiroyuki Nagai, Makoto Saito, Eisuke Adachi, David Sullivan, Andrew Pekosz, Shinji Watanabe, Kenji Maeda, Masaki Imai, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Norio Ohmagari, Makoto Takeda, Hideki Hasegawa, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis

You Li, Xin Wang, Dianna M. Blau, Mauricio T. Caballero, Daniel R. Feikin, Christopher J. Gill, Shabir A. Madhi, Saad B. Omer, Eric A. F. Simoes, Harry Campbell, Ana Bermejo Pariente, Darmaa Bardach, Quique Bassat, Jean-Sebastien Casalegno, Giorgi Chakhunashvili, Nigel Crawford, Daria Danilenko, Lien Anh Ha Do, Marcela Echavarria, Angela Gentile, Aubree Gordon, Terho Heikkinen, Q. Sue Huang, Sophie Jullien, Anand Krishnan, Eduardo Luis Lopez, Josko Markic, Ainara Mira-Iglesias, Hannah C. Moore, Jocelyn Moyes, Lawrence Mwananyanda, D. James Nokes, Faseeha Noordeen, Evangeline Obodai, Nandhini Palani, Candice Romero, Vahid Salimi, Ashish Satav, Euri Seo, Zakhar Shchomak, Rosalyn Singleton, Kirill Stolyarov, Sonia K. Stoszek, Anne von Gottberg, Danielle Wurzel, Lay-Myint Yoshida, Chee Fu Yung, Heather J. Zar, Harish Nair

Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality burden globally in children aged 0-60 months, especially during the first 6 months of life and in low-income and middle-income countries. Passive immunization programs targeting RSV could have a substantial effect on reducing disease burden.

LANCET (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization after mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination

Rolando Pajon, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Xiaoying Shen, Stephen D. Schmidt, Sijy O'Dell, Charlene McDanal, Wenhong Feng, Jin Tong, Amanda Eaton, Maha Maglinao, Haili Tang, Kelly E. Manning, Venkata-Viswanadh Edara, Lilin Lai, Madison Ellis, Kathryn M. Moore, Katharine Floyd, Stephanie L. Foster, Christine M. Posavad, Robert L. Atmar, Kirsten E. Lyke, Tongqing Zhou, Lingshu Wang, Yi Zhang, Martin R. Gaudinski, Walker P. Black, Ingelise Gordon, Mercy Guech, Julie E. Ledgerwood, John N. Misasi, Alicia Widge, Nancy J. Sullivan, Paul C. Roberts, John H. Beigel, Bette Korber, Lindsey R. Baden, Hana El Sahly, Spyros Chalkias, Honghong Zhou, Jing Feng, Bethany Girard, Rituparna Das, Anne Aunins, Darin K. Edwards, Mehul S. Suthar, John R. Mascola, David C. Montefiori

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Covid-19 Vaccination on Transmission of Alpha and Delta Variants

David W. Eyre, Donald Taylor, Mark Purver, David Chapman, Tom Fowler, Koen B. Pouwels, A. Sarah Walker, Tim E. A. Peto

Summary: In this study, it was found that vaccination reduces the transmission risk of the Delta variant, but the protection of the vaccine decreases over time. The effectiveness of the vaccine is higher against the Alpha variant compared to the Delta variant.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19: a meta-analysis

Wen Wen, Chen Chen, Jiake Tang, Chunyi Wang, Mengyun Zhou, Yongran Cheng, Xiang Zhou, Qi Wu, Xingwei Zhang, Zhanhui Feng, Mingwei Wang, Qin Mao

Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis on three new oral antivirals (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine, and Paxlovid) and their effects on mortality and hospitalization rates among COVID-19 patients. The results showed that these drugs were effective in reducing mortality and hospitalization rates by approximately 67%. Furthermore, the drugs did not increase adverse events, indicating good overall safety.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin Lee, Shi Yin Wong, Louis Yi Ann Chai, Soo Chin Lee, Matilda Xinwei Lee, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Sen Hee Tay, Chong Boon Teo, Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan, Yiong Huak Chan, Raghav Sundar, Yu Yang Soon

Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the efficacy of covid-19 vaccines between immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The results showed that immunocompromised patients, especially organ transplant recipients, had significantly lower rates of seroconversion after covid-19 vaccination. A second dose of the vaccine consistently improved seroconversion in all patient groups, although the improvement was smaller for organ transplant recipients. Targeted interventions, including a third dose (booster) of the vaccine, should be performed for immunocompromised patients.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Protection against the Omicron Variant from Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Heba N. Altarawneh, Hiam Chemaitelly, Mohammad R. Hasan, Houssein H. Ayoub, Suelen Qassim, Sawsan AlMukdad, Peter Coyle, Hadi M. Yassine, Hebah A. Al-Khatib, Fatiha M. Benslimane, Zaina Al-Kanaani, Einas Al-Kuwari, Andrew Jeremijenko, Anvar H. Kaleeckal, Ali N. Latif, Riyazuddin M. Shaik, Hanan F. Abdul-Rahim, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Mohamed G. Al-Kuwari, Adeel A. Butt, Hamad E. Al-Romaihi, Mohamed H. Al-Thani, Abdullatif Al-Khal, Roberto Bertollini, Patrick Tang, Laith J. Abu-Raddad

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism

Catherine Lord, Tony Charman, Alexandra Havdahl, Paul Carbone, Evdokia Anagnostou, Brian Boyd, Themba Carr, Petrus J. de Vries, Cheryl Dissanayake, Gauri Divan, Christine M. Freitag, Marina M. Gotelli, Connie Kasari, Martin Knapp, Peter Mundy, Alex Plank, Lawrence Scahill, Chiara Servili, Paul Shattuck, Emily Simonoff, Alison Tepper Singer, Vicky Slonims, Paul P. Wang, Maria Celica Ysrraelit, Rachel Jellett, Andrew Pickles, James Cusack, Patricia Howlin, Peter Szatmari, Alison Holbrook, Christina Toolan, James B. McCauley

Summary: Autism is a globally important condition affecting individuals and families worldwide. Although awareness has increased significantly in the past 20 years, more work is needed to improve life outcomes for individuals with autism. This requires investments in practical clinical research and the establishment of social and service systems that recognize the potential for change and growth, and address the diverse and complex needs of individuals with autism and their families.

LANCET (2022)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Viktoria Balntzi, Stuart R. Gray, Jose Lara, Frederick K. Ho, Jill P. Pell, Carlos Celis-Morales

Summary: The diagnosis and prevalence of sarcopenia vary considerably, and future studies should follow current guidelines to facilitate comparison of results across different studies and populations globally.

JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Reduced neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 omicron B.1.1.529 variant by post-immunisation serum

Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Robert H. Shaw, Piyada Supasa, Chang Liu, Arabella S. V. Stuart, Andrew J. Pollard, Xinxue Liu, Teresa Lambe, Derrick Crook, Dave I. Stuart, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Jonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, Matthew D. Snape, Gavin R. Screaton

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Heterologous versus homologous COVID-19 booster vaccination in previous recipients of two doses of CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccine in Brazil (RHH-001): a phase 4, non-inferiority, single blind, randomised study

Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Lily Weckx, Ralf Clemens, Ana Verena Almeida Mendes, Alessandra Ramos Souza, Mariana B. Silveira, Suzete Nascimento Farias da Guarda, Maristela Miyamoto de Nobrega, Maria Isabel de Moraes Pinto, Isabela G. S. Gonzalez, Natalia Salvador, Marilia Miranda Franco, Renata Navis de Avila Mendonca, Isabelle Silva Queiroz Oliveira, Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza, Mayara Fraga, Parvinder Aley, Sagida Bibi, Liberty Cantrell, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Xinxue Liu, Juthathip Mongkolsapaya, Piyada Supasa, Gavin R. Screaton, Teresa Lambe, Merryn Voysey, Andrew J. Pollard

Summary: A study was conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a third dose of heterologous or homologous vaccines in Brazilian adults who had previously received two doses of CoronaVac. The results showed that a third dose of heterologous vaccines (recombinant adenoviral vectored vaccine or mRNA vaccine) significantly increased immune responses and could improve protection against infection.

LANCET (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Shanghai's life-saving efforts against the current omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic

Xinxin Zhang, Wenhong Zhang, Saijuan Chen

LANCET (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Variants

Jingyou Yu, Ai-ris Y. Collier, Marjorie Rowe, Fatima Mardas, John D. Ventura, Huahua Wan, Jessica Miller, Olivia Powers, Benjamin Chung, Mazuba Siamatu, Nicole P. Hachmann, Nehalee Surve, Felix Nampanya, Abishek Chandrashekar, Dan H. Barouch

Summary: Although immunity from two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine diminishes over time, a booster dose significantly enhances the neutralizing antibodies against both the BA.1 and BA.2 variants.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of a Fourth Dose of Covid-19 mRNA Vaccine against Omicron

Gili Regev-Yochay, Tal Gonen, Mayan Gilboa, Michal Mandelboim, Victoria Indenbaum, Sharon Amit, Lilac Meltzer, Keren Asraf, Carmit Cohen, Ronen Fluss, Asaf Biber, Ital Nemet, Limor Kliker, Gili Joseph, Ram Doolman, Ella Mendelson, Laurence S. Freedman, Dror Harats, Yitshak Kreiss, Yaniv Lustig

Summary: Health care workers in Israel received a fourth dose of mRNA vaccine during the prevalence of the omicron variant. The fourth dose boosted antibody levels but did not surpass the maximum observed after the third dose. The vaccine demonstrated an efficacy of 31 to 43% against symptomatic disease.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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