Medicine, General & Internal

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020-21

Haidong Wang, Katherine R. Paulson, Spencer A. Pease, Stefanie Watson, Haley Comfort, Peng Zheng, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Catherine Bisignano, Ryan M. Barber, Tahiya Alam, John E. Fuller, Erin A. May, Darwin Phan Jones, Meghan E. Frisch, Cristiana Abbafati, Christopher Adolph, Adrien Allorant, Joanne O. Amlag, Bree Bang-Jensen, Gregory J. Bertolacci, Sabina S. Bloom, Austin Carter, Emma Castro, Suman Chakrabarti, Jhilik Chattopadhyay, Rebecca M. Cogen, James K. Collins, Kimberly Cooperrider, Xiaochen Dai, William James Dangel, Farah Daoud, Carolyn Dapper, Amanda Deen, Bruce B. Duncan, Megan Erickson, Samuel B. Ewald, Tatiana Fedosseeva, Alize J. Ferrari, Joseph Jon Frostad, Nancy Fullman, John Gallagher, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Gaorui Guo, Jiawei He, Monika Helak, Nathaniel J. Henry, Erin N. Hulland, Bethany M. Huntley, Maia Kereselidze, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Kate E. LeGrand, Akiaja Lindstrom, Emily Linebarger, Paulo A. Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, Beatrice Magistro, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Johan Mansson, Ana M. Mantilla Herrera, Fatima Marinho, Alemnesh H. Mirkuzie, Awoke Temesgen Misganaw, Lorenzo Monasta, Paulami Naik, Shuhei Nomura, Edward G. O'Brien, James Kevin O'Halloran, Latera Tesfaye Olana, Samuel M. Ostroff, Louise Penberthy, Robert C. Reiner Jr, Grace Reinke, Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro, Damian Francesco Santomauro, Maria Ines Schmidt, David H. Shaw, Brittney S. Sheena, Aleksei Sholokhov, Natia Skhvitaridze, Reed J. D. Sorensen, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Ruri Syailendrawati, Roman Topor-Madry, Christopher E. Troeger, Rebecca Walcott, Ally Walker, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Nahom Alemseged Worku, Bethany Zigler, David M. Pigott, Mohsen Naghavi, Ali H. Mokdad, Stephen S. Lim, Simon Hay, Emmanuela Gakidou, Christopher J. L. Murray

Summary: This study estimated excess mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic in 191 countries and territories, as well as 252 subnational units in selected countries from Jan 1, 2020, to Dec 31, 2021. The findings showed that globally, there were 18.2 million excess deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic during this period. The highest excess mortality rates were observed in countries such as India, the USA, Russia, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, and Pakistan.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk with Tofacitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Steven R. Ytterberg, Deepak L. Bhatt, Ted R. Mikuls, Gary G. Koch, Roy Fleischmann, Jose L. Rivas, Rebecca Germino, Sujatha Menon, Yanhui Sun, Cunshan Wang, Andrea B. Shapiro, Keith S. Kanik, Carol A. Connell

Summary: In this trial comparing the use of tofacitinib with a TNF inhibitor in a cardiovascular risk-enriched population, the risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and cancers were found to be higher with tofacitinib, and it did not meet noninferiority criteria. Several adverse events were more common with tofacitinib.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Segmentectomy versus lobectomy in small-sized peripheral non-small-cell lung cancer (JCOG0802/WJOG4607L) : a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial

Hisashi Saji, Morihito Okada, Masahiro Tsuboi, Ryu Nakajima, Kenji Suzuki, Keiju Aokage, Tadashi Aoki, Jiro Okami, Ichiro Yoshino, Hiroyuki Ito, Norihito Okumura, Masafumi Yamaguchi, Norihiko Ikeda, Masashi Wakabayashi, Kenichi Nakamura, Haruhiko Fukuda, Shinichiro Nakamura, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Shun-Ichi Watanabe, Hisao Asamura

Summary: This study demonstrated the benefits of segmentectomy over lobectomy in overall survival of patients with small peripheral NSCLC, suggesting that segmentectomy should be the standard surgical procedure for this population of patients.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between 3 Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine and Symptomatic Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta Variants

Emma K. Accorsi, Amadea Britton, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Zachary R. Smith, Nong Shang, Gordana Derado, Joseph Miller, Stephanie J. Schrag, Jennifer R. Verani

Summary: Assessing the performance of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant is crucial for public health guidance. This study found that receiving three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a lower likelihood of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to being unvaccinated or receiving two doses. These findings suggest that three doses of mRNA vaccine provide protection against both Omicron and Delta variants, though the protection against Omicron may be slightly lower.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Symptom prevalence, duration, and risk of hospital admission in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 during periods of omicron and delta variant dominance: a prospective observational study from the ZOE COVID Study

Cristina Menni, Ana M. Valdes, Lorenzo Polidori, Michela Antonelli, Satya Penamakuri, Ana Nogal, Panayiotis Louca, Anna May, Jane C. Figueiredo, Christina Hu, Erika Molteni, Liane Canas, Marc F. Osterdahl, Marc Modat, Carole H. Sudre, Ben Fox, Alexander Hammers, Jonathan Wolf, Joan Capdevila, Andrew T. Chan, Sean P. David, Claire J. Steves, Sebastien Ourselin, Tim D. Spector

Summary: This study investigated the differences in symptom prevalence, risk of hospital admission, and symptom duration between omicron and delta variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The study found that loss of smell was less common in omicron infections, sore throat was more common, and the rate of hospital admission was lower.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

William G. Herrington, Natalie Staplin, Christoph Wanner, Jennifer B. Green, Sibylle J. Hauske, Jonathan R. Emberson, David Preiss, Parminder Judge, Kaitlin J. Mayne, Sarah Y. A. Ng, Emily Sammons, Doreen Zhu, Michael Hill, Will Stevens, Karl Wallendszus, Susanne Brenner, Alfred K. Cheung, Zhi-Hong Liu, Jing Li, Lai Seong Hooi, Wen Liu, Takashi Kadowaki, Masaomi Nangaku, Adeera Levin, David Cherney, Aldo P. Maggioni, Roberto Pontremoli, Rajat Deo, Shinya Goto, Xavier Rossello, Katherine R. Tuttle, Dominik Steubl, Michaela Petrini, Dan Massey, Jens Eilbracht, Martina Brueckmann, Martin J. Landray, Colin Baigent, Richard Haynes

Summary: Empagliflozin therapy reduces the risk of disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Duration of Protection against Mild and Severe Disease by Covid-19 Vaccines

Nick Andrews, Elise Tessier, Julia Stowe, Charlotte Gower, Freja Kirsebom, Ruth Simmons, Eileen Gallagher, Simon Thelwall, Natalie Groves, Gavin Dabrera, Richard Myers, Colin N. J. Campbell, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Matt Edmunds, Maria Zambon, Kevin Brown, Susan Hopkins, Meera Chand, Shamez N. Ladhani, Mary Ramsay, Jamie Lopez Bernal

Summary: A study conducted in England showed that vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 provide high protection against hospitalization and death from Covid-19 at 20 weeks or more after vaccination. However, the effectiveness of the vaccines decreases over time, especially in individuals aged 65 and older and those with underlying risk factors.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age

E. B. Walter, K. R. Talaat, C. Sabharwal, A. Gurtman, S. Lockhart, G. C. Paulsen, E. D. Barnett, F. M. Munoz, Y. Maldonado, B. A. Pahud, J. B. Domachowske, E. A. F. Simoes, U. N. Sarwar, N. Kitchin, L. Cunliffe, P. Rojo, E. Kuchar, M. Ramet, I Munjal, J. L. Perez, R. W. Frenck, E. Lagkadinou, K. A. Swanson, H. Ma, X. Xu, K. Koury, S. Mather, T. J. Belanger, D. Cooper, O. Tureci, P. R. Dormitzer, K. U. Jansen, W. C. Gruber

Summary: A regimen of two 10-mu g doses of BNT162b2 administered 21 days apart was found to be safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in children aged 5 to 11 years.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trastuzumab Deruxtecan versus Trastuzumab Emtansine for Breast Cancer

J. Cortes, S. -B Kim, W. -P Chung, S. -A Im, Y. H. Park, R. Hegg, M. H. Kim, L. -M Tseng, V Petry, C. -F Chung, H. Iwata, E. Hamilton, G. Curigliano, B. Xu, C. -S Huang, J. H. Kim, J. W. Y. Chiu, J. L. Pedrini, C. Lee, Y. Liu, J. Cathcart, E. Bako, S. Verma, S. A. Hurvitz

Summary: Among patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer previously treated with trastuzumab and a taxane, trastuzumab deruxtecan was associated with a lower risk of disease progression or death compared to trastuzumab emtansine. However, treatment with trastuzumab deruxtecan was associated with interstitial lung disease and pneumonitis.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Intramuscular AZD7442 (Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab) for Prevention of Covid-19

Myron J. Levin, Andrew Ustianowski, Stephane De Wit, Odile Launay, Miles Avila, Alison Templeton, Yuan Yuan, Seth Seegobin, Adam Ellery, Dennis J. Levinson, Philip Ambery, Rosalinda H. Arends, Rohini Beavon, Kanika Dey, Pedro Garbes, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Gavin C. K. W. Koh, Karen A. Near, Kelly W. Padilla, Konstantina Psachoulia, Audrey Sharbaugh, Katie Streicher, Menelas N. Pangalos, Mark T. Esser

Summary: A single dose of AZD7442 showed efficacy in preventing Covid-19 without evident safety concerns. The study suggests that AZD7442 may provide potential protection for individuals who have an inadequate response to vaccination or an increased risk of exposure.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Nivolumab Combination Therapy in Advanced Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma

Y. Doki, J. A. Ajani, K. Kato, J. Xu, L. Wyrwicz, S. Motoyama, T. Ogata, H. Kawakami, C. -H. Hsu, A. Adenis, F. El Hajbi, M. Di Bartolomeo, M. I. Braghiroli, E. Holtved, S. A. Ostoich, H. R. Kim, M. Ueno, W. Mansoor, W. -C. Yang, T. Liu, J. Bridgewater, T. Makino, I. Xynos, X. Liu, M. Lei, K. Kondo, A. Patel, J. Gricar, I. Chau, Y. Kitagawa

Summary: In patients with advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma, both first-line treatment with nivolumab plus chemotherapy and first-line treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab resulted in significantly longer overall survival than chemotherapy alone, with no new safety signals identified.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Myocarditis Cases Reported After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination in the US From December 2020 to August 2021

Matthew E. Oster, David K. Shay, John R. Su, Julianne Gee, C. Buddy Creech, Karen R. Broder, Kathryn Edwards, Jonathan H. Soslow, Jeffrey M. Dendy, Elizabeth Schlaudecker, Sean M. Lang, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Frederick L. Ruberg, Michael J. Smith, M. Jay Campbell, Renato D. Lopes, Laurence S. Sperling, Jane A. Baumblatt, Deborah L. Thompson, Paige L. Marquez, Penelope Strid, Jared Woo, River Pugsley, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Frank DeStefano, Tom T. Shimabukuro

Summary: Based on reports in the US, the risk of myocarditis after receiving mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines was increased, especially among adolescent males and young men, particularly after the second dose. This risk should be considered in the context of the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Event-free Survival with Pembrolizumab in Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

P. Schmid, J. Cortes, R. Dent, L. Pusztai, H. McArthur, S. Kummel, J. Bergh, C. Denkert, Y. H. Park, R. Hui, N. Harbeck, M. Takahashi, M. Untch, P. A. Fasching, F. Cardoso, J. Andersen, D. Patt, M. Danso, M. Ferreira, M-A Mouret-Reynier, S-A Im, J-H Ahn, M. Gion, S. Baron-Hay, J-F Boileau, Y. Ding, K. Tryfonidis, G. Aktan, V Karantza, J. O'Shaughnessy

Summary: The addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab after surgery significantly prolonged event-free survival in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients in South Africa During the COVID-19 Omicron Wave Compared With Previous Waves

Caroline Maslo, Richard Friedland, Mande Toubkin, Anchen Laubscher, Teshlin Akaloo, Boniswa Kama

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Protection against SARS-CoV-2 after Covid-19 Vaccination and Previous Infection

Victoria Hall, Sarah Foulkes, Ferdinando Insalata, Peter Kirwan, Ayoub Saei, Ana Atti, Edgar Wellington, Jameel Khawam, Katie Munro, Michelle Cole, Caio Tranquillini, Andrew Taylor-Kerr, Nipunadi Hettiarachchi, Davina Calbraith, Noshin Sajedi, Iain Milligan, Yrene Themistocleous, Diane Corrigan, Lisa Cromey, Lesley Price, Sally Stewart, Elen de Lacy, Chris Norman, Ezra Linley, Ashley D. Otter, Amanda Semper, Jacqueline Hewson, Silvia D'Arcangelo, Meera Chand, Colin S. Brown, Tim Brooks, Jasmin Islam, Andre Charlett, Susan Hopkins

Summary: This study investigated the duration and effectiveness of immunity among healthcare workers in the United Kingdom. It found that two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine provided high short-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but this protection significantly decreased after six months. However, infection-acquired immunity boosted by vaccination remained high, even more than one year after infection.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Third BNT162b2 Vaccination Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection

Ital Nemet, Limor Kliker, Yaniv Lustig, Neta Zuckerman, Oran Erster, Carmit Cohen, Yitshak Kreiss, Sharon Alroy-Preis, Gili Regev-Yochay, Ella Mendelson, Michal Mandelboim

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccinations

R. L. Atmar, K. E. Lyke, M. E. Deming, L. A. Jackson, A. R. Branche, H. M. El Sahly, C. A. Rostad, J. M. Martin, C. Johnston, R. E. Rupp, M. J. Mulligan, R. C. Brady, R. W. Frenck, M. Backer, A. C. Kottkamp, T. M. Babu, K. Rajakumar, S. Edupuganti, D. Dobrzynski, R. N. Coler, C. M. Posavad, J. Archer, S. Crandon, S. U. Nayak, D. Szydlo, J. A. Zemanek, C. P. Dominguez Islas, E. R. Brown, M. S. Suthar, M. J. McElrath, A. B. McDermott, D. C. Montefiori, A. Eaton, K. M. Neuzil, D. S. Stephens, P. C. Roberts, J. H. Beigel

Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of homologous and heterologous booster vaccines in adults who had completed a primary Covid-19 vaccine regimen. The results showed that both types of booster vaccines were safe and immunogenic.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Plasma Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

Fabian Schmidt, Frauke Muecksch, Yiska Weisblum, Justin Da Silva, Eva Bednarski, Alice Cho, Zijun Wang, Christian Gaebler, Marina Caskey, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Theodora Hatziioannou, Paul D. Bieniasz

Summary: Neutralization assays showed much lower omicron neutralization compared to Wuhan-hu-1 after two doses of mRNA vaccine, but individuals who received a booster vaccine or were vaccinated after recovering from Covid-19 exhibited high levels of omicron neutralization.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Lenvatinib plus Pembrolizumab for Advanced Endometrial Cancer

V Makker, N. Colombo, A. Casado Herraez, A. D. Santin, E. Colomba, D. S. Miller, K. Fujiwara, S. Pignata, S. Baron-Hay, I Ray-Coquard, R. Shapira-Frommer, K. Ushijima, J. Sakata, K. Yonemori, Y. M. Kim, E. M. Guerra, U. A. Sanli, M. M. McCormack, A. D. Smith, S. Keefe, S. Bird, L. Dutta, R. J. Orlowski, D. Lorusso

Summary: Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab significantly prolongs progression-free survival and overall survival compared to chemotherapy in advanced endometrial cancer patients.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical severity of, and effectiveness of mRNA vaccines against, covid-19 from omicron, delta, and alpha SARS-CoV-2 variants in the United States: prospective observational study

Adam S. Lauring, Mark W. Tenforde, James D. Chappell, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A. Ginde, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, David J. Douin, H. Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D. Casey, Nicholas M. Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Nathan Shapiro, Kevin W. Gibbs, D. Clark Files, David N. Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E. Prekker, Heidi L. Erickson, Matthew C. Exline, Michelle N. Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J. Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S. Steingrub, Ithan D. Peltan, Samuel M. Brown, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, Laurence W. Busse, Caitlin C. ten Lohuis, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G. Wilson, Alexandra June Gordon, Nida Qadir, Steven Y. Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M. Babcock, Jennie H. Kwon, Natasha Halasa, Carlos G. Grijalva, Todd W. Rice, William B. Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N. Womack, Jillian P. Rhoads, Christopher J. Lindsell, Kimberly W. Hart, Yuwei Zhu, Katherine Adams, Stephanie J. Schrag, Samantha M. Olson, Miwako Kobayashi, Jennifer R. Verani, Manish M. Patel, Wesley H. Self

Summary: mRNA vaccines were highly effective in preventing covid-19 associated hospital admissions related to the alpha, delta, and omicron variants. Three vaccine doses were required for protection against omicron, while two doses provided protection against delta and alpha variants. Omicron variant showed lower disease severity compared to delta variant but still resulted in morbidity and mortality. Vaccinated patients had lower disease severity than unvaccinated patients for all the variants.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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