Medical Laboratory Technology

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Placental Tissue Destruction and Insufficiency From COVID-19 Causes Stillbirth and Neonatal Death From Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury

David A. Schwartz, Elyzabeth Avvad-Portari, Pavel Babal, Marcella Baldewijns, Marie Blomberg, Amine Bouachba, Jessica Camacho, Sophie Collardeau-Frachon, Arthur Colson, Isabelle Dehaene, Joan Carles Ferreres, Brendan Fitzgerald, Marta Garrido-Pontnou, Hazem Gergis, Beata Hargitai, A. Cecilia Helguera-Repetto, Sandra Holmstrom, Claudine Liliane Irles, Asa Leijonhfvud, Sasha Libbrecht, Tamas Marton, Noel McEntagart, James T. Molina, Raffaella Morotti, Alfons Nadal, Alexandra Navarro, Maria Nelander, Angelica Oviedo, Andre Ricardo Oyamada Otani, Nikos Papadogiannakis, Astrid C. Petersen, Drucilla J. Roberts, Ali G. Saad, Anna Sand, Sam Schoenmakers, Jennifer K. Sehn, Preston R. Simpson, Kristen Thomas, M. Yolotzin Valdespino-Vazquez, Lotte E. van der Meeren, Jo Van Dorpe, Robert M. Verdijk, Jaclyn C. Watkins, Mehreen Zaigham

Summary: This study evaluated the mechanism of stillbirth and neonatal death following maternal infection with COVID-19. The findings suggest that placental abnormalities caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection result in placental malperfusion and insufficiency, leading to fetal hypoxic-ischemic injury and perinatal death.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Validating Whole Slide Imaging Systems for Diagnostic Purposes in Pathology Guideline Update From the College of American Pathologists in Collaboration With the American Society for Clinical Pathology and the Association for Pathology Informatics

Andrew J. Evans, Richard W. Brown, Marilyn M. Bui, Elizabeth A. Chlipala, Christina Lacchetti, Danny A. Milner, Liron Pantanowitz, Anil Parwani, Kearin Reid, Michael W. Riben, Victor E. Reuter, Lisa Stephens, Rachel L. Stewart, Nicole E. Thomas

Summary: This article summarizes the updated guidelines for validating whole slide imaging systems used for diagnostic purposes. Through a systematic review of literature, three strong recommendations and nine good practice statements are provided.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

The COVID-19 pandemic: viral variants and vaccine efficacy

Marco Ciotti, Massimo Ciccozzi, Massimo Pieri, Sergio Bernardini

Summary: The article discusses the development of COVID-19 vaccines, the impact of viral variants on transmission and virus antibodies, and methods for measuring vaccine antibody responses. It also emphasizes the importance of using the WHO International Standard to accurately calibrate immunoassays.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

From ARDS to pulmonary fibrosis: the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic?

Jacob E. Michalski, Jonathan S. Kurche, David A. Schwartz

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the medical and scientific communities, and there is still much to learn about the chronic health burdens associated with this disease. The lungs are the primary site of infection and injury in COVID-19, leading to pneumonia and, in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This review aims to integrate our understanding of fibroproliferative ARDS with the current knowledge of the pulmonary consequences of COVID-19.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

The Role of Metagenomics and Next-Generation Sequencing in Infectious Disease Diagnosis

Steve Miller, Charles Chiu

Summary: Majority of studies show that mNGS has similar sensitivity to specific PCR assays and can identify more potential pathogens than conventional methods. Concerns remain about contamination and detection of nonclinically significant organisms, highlighting the importance of careful interpretation of pathogenicity and potential association with clinical syndromes. Further research is needed to evaluate the improvement in clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of mNGS testing.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Effects of age, sex, serostatus, and underlying comorbidities on humoral response post-SARS-CoV-2 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination: a systematic review

Kin Israel Notarte, Abbygail Therese Ver, Jacqueline Veronica Velasco, Adriel Pastrana, Jesus Alfonso Catahay, Gian Luca Salvagno, Eric Peng Huat Yap, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Jordi B. Torrelles, Giuseppe Lippi, Brandon Michael Henry

Summary: This paper investigates the effects of age, sex, serostatus, and comorbidities on humoral response after mRNA-based Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. The findings suggest that older individuals, males, seronegative individuals, and those with more comorbidities have a weaker humoral immune response.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Bacteriocins: Properties and potential use as antimicrobials

Atieh Darbandi, Arezoo Asadi, Marzieh Mahdizade Ari, Elnaz Ohadi, Malihe Talebi, Masoume Halaj Zadeh, Amir Darb Emamie, Roya Ghanavati, Maryam Kakanj

Summary: Various bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have been modified by scientists and shown to be highly effective against foodborne pathogens. The health-promoting attributes of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus bacteria have been characterized, and understanding their antimicrobial mechanisms is crucial. This review extensively studied the structure, classification, safety, and antibacterial properties of bacteriocins, and their impact on foodborne pathogens and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

National Kidney Foundation Laboratory Engagement Working Group Recommendations for Implementing the CKD-EPI 2021 Race-Free Equations for Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate: Practical Guidance for Clinical Laboratories

W. Greg Miller, Harvey W. Kaufman, Andrew S. Levey, Joely A. Straseski, Kelly W. Wilhelms, Hoi-Ying Elsie Yu, J. Stacey Klutts, Lee H. Hilborne, Gary L. Horowitz, John Lieske, Jennifer L. Ennis, James L. Bowling, Mary J. Lewis, Elizabeth Montgomery, Joseph A. Vassalotti, Lesley A. Inker

Summary: Recognizing that race is a social construct, there is a push to remove race from clinical algorithms for diagnosing kidney diseases. The Task Force recommends using the newly published CKD-EPI 2021 equation for eGFR calculations without a race coefficient.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Britanin relieves ferroptosis-mediated myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion damage by upregulating GPX4 through activation of AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 signalling

Haoyang Lu, Hui Xiao, Manyu Dai, Yangcheng Xue, Ren Zhao

Summary: This study investigated the effect and mechanism of Bri on MIR damage. The results showed that Bri significantly reduced infarct area, myocardial apoptosis, creatine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, concomitant with alleviation of ferroptosis. Bri protected against ferroptosis-mediated MIR damage by upregulating GPX4 through activation of the AMPK/GSK3 beta/Nrf2 signaling.

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Obesity and gut-microbiota-brain axis: A narrative review

Arezoo Asadi, Negar Shadab Mehr, Mohamad Hosein Mohamadi, Fazlollah Shokri, Mohsen Heidary, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Saeed Khoshnood

Summary: The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of obesity by affecting metabolism, adiposity, and eating behaviors through neural, endocrine, and immunological pathways. Alterations in gut microbiome can lead to obesity, highlighting the potential of novel therapies targeting the gut microbiome for obesity treatment.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Lateral Flow Assays in Infectious Disease Diagnosis

Hans R. Boehringer, Brendan J. O'Farrell

Summary: Lateral flow immunoassays are widely used in infectious disease diagnostics, with advancements in technology leading to improved performance and acceptance by professional users. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge of new assays, requiring hundreds of millions of tests per year for both professional and home use.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Letter Medical Laboratory Technology

The pronounced decline of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG and RBD IgG in baseline seronegative individuals six months after BNT162b2 vaccination is consistent with the need for vaccine boosters

Gian Luca Salvagno, Brandon M. Henry, Laura Pighi, Simone De Nitto, Gianluca Gianfilippi, Giuseppe Lippi

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

The European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS): a summary report

Anna Carobene, Aasne K. Aarsand, William A. Bartlett, Abdurrahman Coskun, Jorge Diaz-Garzon, Pilar Fernandez-Calle, Elena Guerra, Niels Jonker, Massimo Locatelli, Mario Plebani, Sverre Sandberg, Ferruccio Ceriotti

Summary: The EuBIVAS conducted a multicenter European Biological Variation Study with serum/plasma samples taken from 91 ostensibly healthy individuals at 6 European centres, delivering high-quality BV data for 80 different measurands. The BV estimates for many measurands were lower than those previously reported, impacting the derived analytical performance specifications and reference change values.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Development of mRNA manufacturing for vaccines and therapeutics: mRNA platform requirements and development of a scalable production process to support early phase clinical trials

Jill Whitley, Christopher Zwolinski, Christian Denis, Maureen Maughan, Leonie Hayles, David Clarke, Meghan Snare, Hong Liao, Sean Chiou, Tina Marmura, Holly Zoeller, Ben Hudson, John Peart, Monica Johnson, Amelia Karlsson, Yunfei Wang, Cynthia Nagle, Cherell Harris, Daniel Tonkin, Stephanie Fraser, Lieza Capiz, Christina L. Zeno, Yvonne Meli, Diana Martik, Daniel A. Ozaki, Amy Caparoni, Jason E. Dickens, Drew Weissman, Kevin O. Saunders, Barton F. Haynes, Gregory D. Sempowski, Thomas N. Denny, Matthew R. Johnson

Summary: This article introduces an aqueous-based scalable manufacturing process and the accompanying analytical methods for producing mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. It has been shown that this process can be adapted to clinical and commercial scale production, and the resulting products demonstrate good efficacy and protection in animal models. Furthermore, the article discusses the challenges and potential solutions regarding raw material sourcing, supply, and cold chain requirements for mRNA products.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Necroptosis-related lncRNA to establish novel prognostic signature and predict the immunotherapy response in breast cancer

Fangyue Chen, Jun Yang, Min Fang, Yanmei Wu, Dongwei Su, Yuan Sheng

Summary: This study investigates the immune landscape in breast cancer by screening necroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The results show that these lncRNAs are related to immune-related pathways and that the risk score is significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and ESTIMATE score. Furthermore, patients with higher risk scores show better immune checkpoint blockade response.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Diagnostic Value of Nucleocapsid Protein in Blood for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Yu Zhang, Chui Mei Ong, Cassandra Yun, Weike Mo, Jeffery D. Whitman, Kara L. Lynch, Alan H. B. Wu

Summary: Serum nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a biomarker for acute infection with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, which correlates to disease severity and inversely relates to antibody levels.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

The Dangers of Using Cq to Quantify Nucleic Acid in Biological Samples: A Lesson From COVID-19

Daniel Evans, Simon Cowen, Martin Kammel, Denise M. O'Sullivan, Graham Stewart, Hans-Peter Grunert, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Jasper Verwilt, Jiwon In, Jo Vandesompele, Kathryn Harris, Ki Ho Hong, Nathaniel Storey, Suzie Hingley-Wilson, Ulf Duhring, Young-Kyung Bae, Carole A. Foy, Julian Braybrook, Heinz Zeichhardt, Jim F. Huggett

Summary: The study found poor interlaboratory reproducibility when using Cq values as clinical cutoffs or diagnostic performance targets, recommending calibrated copy-based units as more reproducible alternatives. Additionally, discrepancies in diagnostic performance may change relative to the effective reproduction number, emphasizing the importance of considering patient population disparities over time when evaluating or deploying diagnostic tests, particularly in emergency situations such as a evolving pandemic.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Antibiotic resistance: The challenges and some emerging strategies for tackling a global menace

David Chinemerem Nwobodo, Malachy Chigozie Ugwu, Clement Oliseloke Anie, Mushtak T. S. Al-Ouqaili, Joseph Chinedu Ikem, Uchenna Victor Chigozie, Morteza Saki

Summary: Antibiotic resistance has negative effects on clinical and therapeutic outcomes, and there is a need for new strategies to tackle this issue.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning in Healthcare System for improving Quality of Service

V. Surya Narayana Reddy, Jithendranath Mungara

Summary: This paper presents an artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithm to improve the Quality of Service in Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). The algorithm utilizes artificial neural networks (ANN) and Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO) algorithm for data aggregation and cluster head selection. By minimizing errors and avoiding repetitive selection, the algorithm enhances network stability and energy utilization.

CARDIOMETRY (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Clinical Impact of the Refit CKD-EPI 2021 Creatinine-Based eGFR Equation

Jeffrey W. Meeusen, Ramla N. Kasozi, Timothy S. Larson, John C. Lieske

Summary: This study evaluated the impact of adopting a new eGFR equation without race on CKD patients. The results showed that the new equation had different effects on bias among Black and non-Black patients, but there were no significant differences in P30 and concordance between the two racial groups.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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