Medical Laboratory Technology

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Surface plasmon resonance: A promising approach for label-free early cancer diagnosis

Anushree Gade, Ankita Sharma, Nidhi Srivastava, S. J. S. Flora

Summary: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, mostly due to delayed detection. Utilizing biomarker-based detection tools can help in early recognition of cancer. This review examines the use of SPR-based sensors in cancer diagnosis.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Immune regulation in polycystic ovary syndrome

Ying-yi Luan, Lei Zhang, Yi-qiu Peng, Ying-ying Li, Rui-xia Liu, Cheng-hong Yin

Summary: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting females, characterized by chronic low-level inflammation, hormonal and immune dysregulation. It can lead to infertility, irregular menstruation, acne, hirsutism, and obesity.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Serum biomarkers for prediction of mortality in patients with COVID-19

Rohit S. Loomba, Enrique G. Villarreal, Juan S. Farias, Gaurav Aggarwal, Saurabh Aggarwal, Saul Flores

Summary: This study found significant differences in biomarker levels on admission in COVID-19 patients who survived compared to those who did not. Biomarkers such as white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-dimer were noted to be significantly higher in patients who died, while lymphocyte count, platelet count and albumin were significantly lower. Further research is needed to develop risk stratification models for judicious use of healthcare resources.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2022)

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Editorial Material Medical Laboratory Technology

How Can We Ensure Reproducibility and Clinical Translation of Machine Learning Applications in Laboratory Medicine?

Shannon Haymond, Stephen R. Master

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Analytical Considerations in Deriving 99th Percentile Upper Reference Limits for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays: Educational Recommendations from the IFCC Committee on Clinical Application of Cardiac Bio-Markers

Kristin M. Aakre, Amy K. Saenger, Rick Body, Paul Collinson, Ola Hammarsten, Allan S. Jaffe, Pete Kavsak, Torbjorn Omland, Jordi Ordonez-Lianos, Fred S. Apple

Summary: The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Committee on Clinical Application of Cardiac Bio-Markers provides educational documents to promote uniform interpretation and utilization of cardiac biomarkers. The measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin plays a crucial role in evaluating patients with symptoms and/or signs of acute cardiac ischemia.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

SwabExpress: An End-to-End Protocol for Extraction-Free COVID-19 Testing

Sanjay Srivatsan, Sarah Heidl, Brian Pfau, Beth K. Martin, Peter D. Han, Weizhi Zhong, Katrina van Raay, Evan McDermot, Jordan Opsahl, Luis Gamboa, Nahum Smith, Melissa Truong, Shari Cho, Kaitlyn A. Barrow, Lucille M. Rich, Jeremy Stone, Caitlin R. Wolf, Denise J. McCulloch, Ashley E. Kim, Elisabeth Brandstetter, Sarah L. Sohlberg, Misja Ilcisin, Rachel E. Geyer, Wei Chen, Jase Gehring, Sriram Kosuri, Trevor Bedford, Mark J. Rieder, Deborah A. Nickerson, Helen Y. Chu, Eric Q. Konnick, Jason S. Debley, Jay Shendure, Christina M. Lockwood, Lea M. Starita

Summary: SwabExpress is a simplified workflow that allows for scaled testing for COVID-19 without compromising test performance. It may serve as a template for the simplification of PCR-based clinical laboratory tests in times of critical shortages during pandemics.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Evolving Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Infectious Diseases Testing

Nam K. Tran, Samer Albahra, Larissa May, Sarah Waldman, Scott Crabtree, Scott Bainbridge, Hooman Rashidi

Summary: This review provides an important educational overview of AI/ML techniques in the context of infectious disease testing. It covers supervised ML approaches commonly used in laboratory medicine applications for infectious diseases such as COVID-19, sepsis, hepatitis, malaria, meningitis, Lyme disease, and tuberculosis. The concept of data fusion is also applied to describe the future of laboratory testing where AI/ML integrates multiple data streams to provide actionable clinical knowledge.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Worldwide prevalence of microbial agents' coinfection among COVID-19 patients: A comprehensive updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Reza Pakzad, Pooneh Malekifar, Zainab Shateri, Milad Zandi, Sara Akhavan Rezayat, Maral Soleymani, Mohammad Reza Karimi, Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi, Ramin Shahbahrami, Iraj Pakzad, Fatemeh Abdi, Abbas Farahani, Saber Soltani, Mina Mobini Kesheh, Parastoo Hosseini

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of pathogen coinfections among COVID-19 patients, finding bacteria to be the most common causative agent, followed by less frequent virus and fungal coinfections. Empirical use of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral treatment is advisable at the early stage of COVID-19 infection due to the high prevalence of coinfections. Simultaneous diagnostic tests are also suggested to identify other microbiological agents' coinfection with SARS-CoV-2.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Fetal Deaths in Ireland Due to SARS-CoV-2 Placentitis Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Alpha

Brendan Fitzgerald, Keelin O'Donoghue, Noel McEntagart, John E. Gillan, Peter Kelehan, John O'Leary, Paul Downey, Jonathan Dean, Cillian F. De Gascun, John Bermingham, Fionnvola Armstrong, Attia Al Fathil, Nicola Maher, Cliona Murphy, Louise Burke

Summary: A severe third wave of COVID-19 in Ireland resulted in 1 second-trimester miscarriage and 6 stillbirths due to SARS-CoV-2 placentitis. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 alpha in all cases suggests an increased risk of fetal death compared to the original virus. Maternal thrombocytopenia may serve as a potential clinical marker of placentitis, and there may be a window for intervention in some cases.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Ganciclovir: Where Are We?

Anne-Grete Martson, Angela E. Edwina, Hannah Yejin Kim, Marjolein Knoester, Daan J. Touw, Marieke G. G. Sturkenboom, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar

Summary: This narrative review provides an overview of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for ganciclovir, including available assays and population pharmacokinetic models, as well as discussing the current knowledge gaps. The results show large interindividual variability in ganciclovir TDM, highlighting the need for robust data to define a therapeutic window.

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a potential target for developing new generation of vaccine

Weixu Feng, Yunru Xiang, Lianpeng Wu, Zhuo Chen, Qingfeng Li, Jun Chen, Yanru Guo, Dandan Xia, Na Chen, Lifang Zhang, Shanli Zhu, Kong-Nan Zhao

Summary: The nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of SARS-CoV-2 shows good immunoreactivity and has the potential for developing new vaccines. Immunization with N protein in mice can induce strong immune responses and is closely correlated with disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

The new, race-free, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Consortium (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate: is it applicable in Europe? A position statement by the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM)

Pierre Delanaye, Elke Schaeffner, Mario Cozzolino, Michel Langlois, Mario Plebani, Tomris Ozben, Etienne Cavalier

Summary: The EFLM recommends European laboratories to continue using the 2009 version of the CKD-EPI equation without race correction factor. The new EKFC equation, developed from European cohorts, may serve as an alternative equation for estimating GFR in Europe. Estimating equations based on cystatin C may gain popularity due to their independence of race. Reference methods like iohexol clearance for measuring GFR remain necessary in specific patients and/or situations.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2023)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Breathing new life into clinical testing and diagnostics: perspectives on volatile biomarkers from breath

Jordan J. Haworth, Charlotte K. Pitcher, Giuseppe Ferrandino, Anthony R. Hobson, Kirk L. Pappan, Jonathan L. D. Lawson

Summary: Human breath offers several benefits for diagnostic applications, including simple, noninvasive collection. Breath is a rich source of clinically-relevant biological information, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aerosols carrying nucleic acids, proteins, signaling molecules, and pathogens. Breath biomarkers can advance early detection and precision medicine. Breath tests are noninvasive and can be performed at home or in a primary care setting, making them suitable for public screening programs. Measurement of VOCs on breath can help detect metabolic changes and a range of illnesses.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Recent advances in methods for the diagnosis of Corona Virus Disease 2019

Jie Guo, Jiaxin Ge, Yanan Guo

Summary: Effective methods for diagnosing COVID-19 include qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, serological testing, and imaging technologies. Varying healthcare systems around the world lead to different diagnostic tools being used, with artificial intelligence improving efficiency in imaging-based methods.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Acute Intoxications and Fatalities Associated With Benzimidazole Opioid (Nitazene Analog) Use: A Systematic Review

Eva Montanari, Graziella Madeo, Simona Pichini, Francesco Paolo Busardo, Jeremy Carlier

Summary: This study aimed to identify trends in the use of synthetic benzimidazole opioids (BOs) and gather toxicological data from BO-related cases. A systematic literature search was conducted, and data from 8 case reports with 93 fatalities and 1 acute intoxication were compiled. Isotonitazene was predominant but was later replaced by metonitazene after scheduling in the United States. Peripheral blood concentrations were found to be similar to fentanyl's potency.

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Flow cytometric analysis of myelodysplasia: Pre-analytical and technical issues-Recommendations from the European LeukemiaNet

Vincent H. J. van der Velden, Frank Preijers, Ulrika Johansson, Theresia M. Westers, Alan Dunlop, Anna Porwit, Marie C. Bene, Peter Valent, Jeroen te Marvelde, Orianne Wagner-Ballon, Uta Oelschlaegel, Leonie Saft, Sharham Kordasti, Robin Ireland, Eline Cremers, Canan Alhan, Carolien Duetz, Willemijn Hobo, Nicolas Chapuis, Michaela Fontenay, Peter Bettelheim, Lisa Eidenshink-Brodersen, Patricia Font, Michael R. Loken, Sergio Matarraz, Kiyoyuki Ogata, Alberto Orfao, Katherina Psarra, Dolores Subira, Denise A. Wells, Matteo G. Della Porta, Kate Burbury, Frauke Bellos, Elisabeth Weiss, Wolfgang Kern, Arjan van de Loosdrecht

Summary: This article reviews the progress of flow cytometry (FCM) in the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in recent years, and provides optimal methods and recommendations for sample processing, antibody panels and fluorochromes, and current hardware technologies. These recommendations will facilitate the appropriate application of FCM assays in the diagnostic workup of MDS patients, but further standardization and harmonization are needed.

CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY (2023)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Circular RNA Sequencing Reveals Serum Exosome Circular RNA Panel for High-Grade Astrocytoma Diagnosis

Peiyao Li, Zihao Xu, Tao Liu, Qing Liu, Hecheng Zhou, Shujuan Meng, Ziyang Feng, Ying Tang, Changhong Liu, Jianbo Feng, Haijuan Fu, Qiang Liu, Minghua Wu

Summary: This study revealed a comprehensive landscape of circRNAs in exosomes and cells of high-grade astrocytoma (HGA). The serum exosome circRNA panel and tissue circRNAs have potential for liquid biopsy and prognosis monitoring in HGA. Exosome circRNAs as novel targets should facilitate further biomarker discovery and aid in HGA diagnosis and therapy monitoring.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Dosage Adjustments of Immunosuppressive Drugs When Combined With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in Patients With COVID-19

Florian Lemaitre, Klemens Budde, Teun Van Gelder, Stein Bergan, Roland Lawson, Ofelia Noceti, Raman Venkataramanan, Laure Elens, Dirk Jan A. R. Moes, Dennis A. Hesselink, Tomasz Pawinski, Kamisha L. Johnson-Davis, Brenda C. M. De Winter, Smita Pattanaik, Merce Brunet, Satohiro Masuda, Loralie J. Langman

Summary: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) is a combination of a peptidomimetic inhibitor (nirmatrelvir) and a pharmacokinetic enhancer (ritonavir) that is approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The ritonavir component of this combination can cause significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) by inhibiting the metabolism of nirmatrelvir. This may lead to higher plasma concentrations of nirmatrelvir and a longer half-life. Co-administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir with immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) is particularly challenging due to the involvement of the same metabolic pathway and the increased risk of adverse drug reactions.

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (2023)

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Article Plant Sciences

In vivo and in vitro protective effects of shengmai injection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Peng Zhou, Ge Gao, Chun-chun Zhao, Jing-ya Li, Jian-fei Peng, Shu-shu Wang, Rui Song, Hui Shi, Liang Wang

Summary: This study reveals a new mechanism by which Shengmai injection alleviates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

LncRNAs in Osteoarthritis

Hamza Malik Okuyan, Mehmet A. Begen

Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease that affects older adults worldwide. Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) have emerged as important molecules in understanding the pathogenesis of OA. Research has shown that lncRNAs play a role in the pathological processes of OA and their altered expressions make them attractive for diagnosing and treating OA.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2022)

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