Medical Laboratory Technology

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Plasma Antigen for Diagnosis and Monitoring of COVID-19

Hannah Wang, Catherine A. Hogan, Michelle Verghese, Daniel Solis, Mamdouh Sibai, ChunHong Huang, Katharina Roltgen, Bryan A. Stevens, Fumiko Yamamoto, Malaya K. Sahoo, James Zehnder, Scott D. Boyd, Benjamin A. Pinsky

Summary: This study found that the concentration of nucleocapsid antigen in plasma is associated with the severity of COVID-19, particularly with ICU admission. Antigenemia showed comparable diagnostic performance to upper respiratory NAAT, aiding in triaging patients for optimized intensive care utilization.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Validation of the LUMIPULSE automated immunoassay for the measurement of core AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid

Johan Gobom, Lucilla Parnetti, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Martin Vyhnalek, Serge Gauthier, Samuela Cataldi, Ondrej Lerch, Jan Laczo, Katerina Cechova, Marcus Clarin, Andrea Benet, Tharick A. Pascoal, Neserine Rahmouni, Manu Vandijck, Else Huyck, Nathalie Le Bastard, Jenna Stevenson, Mira Chamoun, Daniel Alcolea, Alberto Lleo, Ulf Andreasson, Marcel M. Verbeek, Giovanni Bellomo, Roberta Rinaldi, Nicholas Ashton, Henrik Zetterberg, Katerina Sheardova, Jakub Hort, Kaj Blennow

Summary: The study evaluated the LUMIPULSE G assays for core cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and established cutpoints for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. Results showed strong correlation and reliable analytical performance of the LUMIPULSE G assays.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Neutralizing antibody titers six months after Comirnaty vaccination: kinetics and comparison with SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays

Andrea Padoan, Chiara Cosma, Francesco Bonfante, Foscarina Della Rocca, Francesco Barbaro, Claudia Santarossa, Luigi Dall'Olmo, Matteo Pagliari, Alessio Bortolami, Annamaria Cattelan, Vito Cianci, Daniela Basso, Mario Plebani

Summary: After 6 months, there was an approximately 90% reduction in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies levels following the second vaccine dose. Differences in antibody values between males and females aged between 24 and 65 years with no compromised health status were not significant. Additional efforts towards analytical harmonization and standardization are necessary.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Tanya Sajan Ponnatt, Cullen M. Lilley, Kamran M. Mirza

Summary: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening disorder of immune regulation that requires rapid diagnosis and aggressive management. Understanding the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of HLH plays a crucial role in determining patient outcome. HLH can be caused by genetic mutations or acquired factors, and proper management is essential for improving prognosis.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

The International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) in 2021-The 6th Workshop and Current Perspectives

Edward K. L. Chan, Carlos A. von Muhlen, Marvin J. Fritzler, Jan Damoiseaux, Maria Infantino, Werner Klotz, Minoru Satoh, Lucile Musset, Ignacio Garcia-De la Torre, Orlando Gabriel Carballo, Manfred Herold, Wilson de Melo Cruvinel, Tsuneyo Mimori, Luis E. C. Andrade

Summary: The establishment of the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) was widely welcomed by the medical community and has led to improvements in the classification of HEp-2 IFA patterns. This article summarizes the discussions and current plans from the 6th ICAP Workshop.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Hormone Immunoassay Interference: A 2021 Update

Khaldoun Ghazal, Severine Brabant, Dominique Prie, Marie-Liesse Piketty

Summary: Immunoassays are important analytical techniques used for qualitative and quantitative analysis. They have been widely implemented in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of endocrine disorders. However, interferences in immunoassays can lead to erroneous results and unnecessary procedures, highlighting the need for detection and elimination of these interferences.

ANNALS OF LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Review and evolution of guidelines for diagnosis of COVID-19 vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)

Emmanuel J. Favaloro, Leonardo Pasalic, Giuseppe Lippi

Summary: COVID-19 vaccines may cause adverse events, and one rare event called vaccine-induced (immune) thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) can have serious consequences. In response to increasing reports of VITT, expert groups have formulated guidelines for diagnosis and management.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Molecular Biomarker Testing for the Diagnosis of Diffuse Gliomas

Daniel J. Brat, Kenneth Aldape, Julia A. Bridge, Peter Canoll, Howard Colman, Meera R. Hameed, Brent T. Harris, Eyas M. Hattab, Jason T. Huse, Robert B. Jenkins, Dolores H. Lopez-Terrada, William C. McDonald, Fausto J. Rodriguez, Lesley H. Souter, Carol Colasacco, Nicole E. Thomas, Michelle Hawks Yount, Martin J. van den Bent, Arie Perry

Summary: This article provides evidence-based recommendations for molecular biomarker testing in diffuse gliomas (DGs) and suggests appropriate laboratory methods and biomarkers selection to inform clinical management.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Vitamin D: sources, physiological role, biokinetics, deficiency, therapeutic use, toxicity, and overview of analytical methods for detection of vitamin D and its metabolites

Jiri Janousek, Veronika Pilarova, Katerina Macakova, Anderson Nomura, Jessica Veiga-Matos, Diana Dias da Silva, Fernando Remiao, Luciano Saso, Katerina Mala-Ladova, Josef Maly, Lucie Novakova, Premysl Mladenka

Summary: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis and has various non-calcemic functions. Over one billion people worldwide are deficient in vitamin D, which is associated with several diseases. Supplementation can be beneficial, but it should be done under the supervision of healthcare professionals to avoid overdosing.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

An overview on inactivated and live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

Saeed Khoshnood, Maniya Arshadi, Sousan Akrami, Maryam Koupaei, Hossein Ghahramanpour, Aref Shariati, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Mohsen Heidary

Summary: This study provides a review of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are undergoing phase 3 and 4 clinical trials, including the trial participants, vaccine producers, efficacy, adverse effects, vaccine components, and other vaccine features.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Syrian hamsters as a model of lung injury with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Pathologic, physiologic, and detailed molecular profiling

Joseph S. Bednash, Valerian E. Kagan, Joshua A. Englert, Daniela Farkas, Yulia Y. Tyurina, Vladimir A. Tyurin, Svetlana N. Samovich, Laszlo Farkas, Ajit Elhance, Finny Johns, Hyunwook Lee, Lijun Cheng, Abhishek Majumdar, Daniel Jones, Oscar Rosas Mejia, Marisa Ruane-Foster, James D. Londino, Rama K. Mallampalli, Richard T. Robinson

Summary: In this study, Syrian golden hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited key features of experimental acute lung injury, supporting their use as a preclinical model for COVID-19 ARDS. The hamsters showed acute infection, viral pneumonia, and systemic illness, but ultimately survived with the clearance of the virus. The model demonstrated histologic evidence of lung injury, increased pulmonary permeability, acute inflammation, and hypoxemia.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Commercial immunoassays for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD antibodies: urgent call for validation against new and highly mutated variants

Giuseppe Lippi, Khosrow Adeli, Mario Plebani

Summary: Measuring the level of protection provided by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is a reliable approach for predicting biological protection against COVID-19. However, the vast mutations in SARS-CoV-2 may compromise the reliability of current commercial immunoassays.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Best practice in statistics: The use of log transformation

Robert M. West

Summary: The log transformation is used to reduce skewness of a measurement variable. If the distribution becomes symmetric, the Welch t-test can be used to compare groups. If the distribution becomes close to normal, a reference interval can be determined.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotics: Defining the Therapeutic Range

Mohd H. Abdul-Aziz, Kara Brady, Menino Osbert Cotta, Jason A. Roberts

Summary: This article reviews the relationship between pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of antibiotics and clinical response, and discusses how this relationship can be used to define the therapeutic range of specific antibiotics. The results show that the therapeutic range of commonly used antibiotics is associated with clinical efficacy and toxicity, and further research is needed to understand the development of antibiotic resistance.

THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Chordoma A Review and Differential Diagnosis

Veronica Ulici, Jesse Hart

Summary: Chordoma is a clinically and histologically unique malignant neoplasm that requires the exclusion of many diagnostic considerations to establish the correct diagnosis. Treatment options have primarily focused on surgical excision with limited success; however, novel therapeutic options including targeted therapy and immunotherapy hold promise for improving prognosis.

ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Blood lactate concentration in COVID-19: a systematic literature review

Giovanni Carpene, Diletta Onorato, Riccardo Nocini, Gianmarco Fortunato, John G. Rizk, Brandon M. Henry, Giuseppe Lippi

Summary: Blood lactate levels may be associated with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, but sustained baseline hyperlactatemia is not consistently present. Monitoring blood lactate can aid in early identification of higher risk for unfavourable disease progression in COVID-19 patients.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Human obese white adipose tissue sheds depot-specific extracellular vesicles and reveals candidate biomarkers for monitoring obesity and its comorbidities

Tamara Camino, Nerea Lago-Baameiro, Susana Belen Bravo, Alberto Molares-Vila, Aurelio Sueiro, Ivan Couto, Javier Baltar, Eelipe F. Casanueva, Maria Pardo

Summary: This study characterized the protein cargo of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by adipose tissue (AT) in obese individuals using mass spectrometry analysis. The results revealed that EVs shed by visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obese individuals contained more inflammation-related proteins compared to those shed by subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Additionally, specific proteins identified in the EVs were associated with disease status and could serve as candidate biomarkers. These findings provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying obesity and related metabolic disorders.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Plant Sciences

Calycosin plays a protective role in diabetic kidney disease through the regulation of ferroptosis

Di Huang, Peicheng Shen, Chen Wang, Jiandong Gao, Chaoyang Ye, Feng Wu

Summary: This study found that calycosin has a protective effect on diabetic kidney disease, possibly through the inhibition of ferroptosis.

PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

The molecular structure and biological functions of RNA methylation, with special emphasis on the roles of RNA methylation in autoimmune diseases

Wanwan Zhou, Xiao Wang, Jun Chang, Chenglong Cheng, Chenggui Miao

Summary: This review highlights the role of RNA methylation in autoimmune diseases such as RA and SLE, and discusses the mechanisms involved in writers, erasers, and readers of methyl groups on mRNA. The discovery of new RNA modifications like m1A, m6Am, and m7G suggests potential implications for the understanding and treatment of RA and SLE. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between RNA methylation and other autoimmune diseases.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Medical Laboratory Technology

Monocyte distribution width (MDW) as a screening tool for early detecting sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Luisa Agnello, Matteo Vidali, Bruna Lo Sasso, Rosaria Vincenza Giglio, Caterina Maria Gambino, Concetta Scazzone, Anna Maria Ciaccio, Giulia Bivona, Marcello Ciaccio

Summary: Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a reliable biomarker for early detection of sepsis, especially in acute settings like Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit. Studies were divided into sepsis-2 and sepsis-3 criteria groups, with pooled sensitivity and specificity indicating its accuracy in screening for sepsis.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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