Correction
Ethics
Melissa Creary, Lynette Hammond Gerido
HASTINGS CENTER REPORT
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Fumitake Yoshizawa
Summary: This paper critiques David Benatar's claim that his anti-natalism provides solutions to population ethics problems and argues that its application in population ethics is insufficient.
Article
Medical Ethics
Brandon Long, Savannah Laux, Benjamin Lemon, Alexa Guarente, Mark Davis, Arturo Casadevall, Ferric Fang, Min Shi, David B. Resnik
Summary: This study analyzed 343 case summaries from the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) to examine the relationship between the severity of administrative actions and various demographic and institutional factors. The findings suggest that ORI has acted fairly and in accordance with guidelines when imposing administrative actions on respondents.
ACCOUNTABILITY IN RESEARCH-ETHICS INTEGRITY AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Shelly Simana, Vardit Ravitsky, I. Glenn Cohen
Summary: Embryo mix-ups have occurred in various countries and pose ethical and legal complexities. This article explores four approaches to address such cases and recommends proactive resolution through legislation and guidelines to ensure consistency and comprehensive information provision.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Review
Ethics
Emma Gillette, Winstone Nyandiko, Ashley Chory, Michael Scanlon, Josephine Aluoch, Nandini Choudhury, Daniel Lagat, Celestine Ashimosi, Whitney Biegon, Dennis Munyoro, Janet Lidweye, Jack Nyagaya, Ilene Wilets, Allison Delong, Rami Kantor, Rachel Vreeman, Violet Naanyu
Summary: This research aims to identify key ethical considerations for the engagement of children and adolescents living with HIV (CALWH) in research. Through a systematic review, seven key domains were extracted, including community involvement, informed consent, caregiver involvement, and perceptions of benefits and risks. These findings can provide guidance for the ethical engagement of CALWH in research.
JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
V. Tesink, T. Douglas, L. Forsberg, S. Ligthart, G. Meynen
Summary: This research examines the ethical concerns surrounding the use of neurointerventions to reduce the risk of criminal reoffending. One major concern is the potential infringement of offenders' right to bodily integrity when neurointerventions are imposed without their valid consent. The study evaluates the extent, reasons, and severity of the infringement of bodily integrity in three different forms of neurointervention.
Article
Ethics
Louis Austin-Eames
Summary: In this paper, the author questions Crutchfield's argument that a covert moral bioenhancement (MBE) program is preferable. They provide novel reasons to doubt that covert MBE can better promote or preserve important values, and propose an autonomy-based consideration in favor of an overt MBE program. The study aims to provide recommendations for determining which type of MBE program is better, as it is currently unclear.
Article
Ethics
Natalie Dorfman, Lilly Snellman, Ynez Kerley, Kristin Kostick-Quenet, Gabriel Lazaro-Munoz, Eric A. Storch, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby
Summary: This study explores the impact of hope and unrealistic optimism on decision-making about deep brain stimulation (DBS) for pediatric dystonia. Interviews with clinicians and caregivers reveal concerns about caregiver false hopes and desperation, leading clinicians to intentionally lower expectations. On the flip side, unrealistic pessimism may drive away potential DBS patients. Caregivers view DBS as a last option and have high hopes but reasonable expectations, although unmet expectations can cause negative feelings post-treatment.
Article
Medical Ethics
Cornelius Ewuoso
Summary: This article explores the manifestation of ethics dumping in health research partnerships and suggests measures to eliminate it by drawing on the underexplored or novel accounts of inclusion and the moral accounts of decolonization in African health decolonial literature. It argues that ethics dumping fails to engage the agency of Africans and listen to their voices, thereby highlighting the importance of inclusion. By considering inclusion as a solution, responsible science can be practiced and ethics dumping can be addressed effectively.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS AND HISTORY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medical Ethics
Soolmaz Moosavi, Maryam Sadaat Mousavi, Ayat Ahmadi, Amirhossein Mardani, Alireza Parsapoor, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki
Summary: This study assessed the observance of hospitalized patients' rights from both patients' and health-care workers' perspectives. The results show that patients and health-care workers think patients' rights are respected at a medium level. However, health-care workers reported lower levels of respect for patients' rights than patients, and senior health-care workers reported even lower levels than their younger colleagues. Older patients and those hospitalized in internal medicine wards reported lower respect for autonomy and responsiveness.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS AND HISTORY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Jan-Hendrik Heinrichs
Summary: Brain age prediction is a new tool in neuro-medicine and neuroscience that has multiple uses in research and clinical practice. It can serve as a marker for biological age, indicate the general health of the brain, and provide information about brain-based disorders. However, its utility depends on detecting outliers and may fail to accurately predict chronological age. This article highlights the implicit pathologization of the states that brain age prediction is sensitive to and argues for the need for explicit justification.
Article
Ethics
Masanori Kataoka, Christopher Gyngell, Julian Savulescu, Tsutomu Sawai
Summary: The paper outlines how to conduct an ethical evaluation of human brain organoid transplantation in animals, highlighting the new ethical issues introduced by this type of research. The focus is on whether or not brain organoids might be conscious.
Article
Medical Ethics
Raheleh Amiri, Mina Gaeeni, Hoda Ahmari Tehran
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of moral reasoning in the relationship between spiritual intelligence and caring behaviors among Iranian emergency nurses. The results showed a significant direct relationship between moral reasoning and caring behaviors, as well as direct and indirect effects of spiritual intelligence on caring behaviors.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS AND HISTORY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medical Ethics
Farzad Zakian Khorramabadi, Vahid Moazzen, Alireza Parsapour, Amirhossein Takian, Abbas Mirshekari, Bagher Larijani, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki
Summary: The present study examined the ethical and legal aspects of Afghan refugees' and immigrants' access to healthcare within the Iranian health law system. The study found that the Iranian health law can be interpreted to include all Afghan immigrants in the public health system. However, provision of additional healthcare services to documented and undocumented immigrants follows different methods.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS AND HISTORY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Jose M. Munoz, Javier Bernacer, Francisco Guell
Summary: In this article, the main problems related to the neurorights of autonomous action are explored, specifically free will and cognitive liberty. A holistic interpretation of human actions is proposed as a possible solution. The article discusses conceptual and practical issues with the neuroright to free will, analyzes the origins and current status of cognitive liberty, criticizes mainstream action theory's concept of decision, and suggests a unified framework for interpreting cases involving neurotechnologies. The importance of introducing freedom of thought and personal autonomy as complementary neurorights is outlined.
Article
Ethics
Marianne Rochette, Matthew Valiquette, Claudia Barned, Eric Racine
Summary: This research explores the implicit views and understandings of addiction and volition among three stakeholder groups through semi-structured qualitative interviews. The use of three paradigms (realism, relativism, pragmatism) helps characterize different stances on addiction and volition. The findings reveal that participants rarely rely on a single epistemic paradigm and there are notable differences in understandings of volition between clinicians and people with lived experience of addiction.
Article
Ethics
Alessio Tacca, Frederic Gilbert
Summary: This article discusses the applications of predictive neurotechnologies in advisory devices, the ethical concerns of relying on predictive neural devices, and the risks of over-dependence on technology for users. The concept of epistemic authority is explored, and the relationship between predictive devices and users is examined.
Review
Ethics
Miles Schaffrick, Melissa L. Perreault, Louise Harding, Judy Illes
Summary: This study conducted a secondary analysis of brain and mind research involving Indigenous peoples and identified improvements and advocacy in recruitment methods. The disclosure of the research teams' relationships with the communities and contextualization of recruitment methods are crucial for building trust and enhancing research quality.
Article
Medical Ethics
Gita Shafiee, Narges Zargar Balajam, Ramin Heshmat, Bagher Larijani
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS AND HISTORY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medical Ethics
Eti Muharremi, Gentian Vyshka
Summary: This manuscript examines the health status of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill during and after the Yalta Conference, exploring the factors contributing to their strokes and the impact of their declining health on their countries and the world. The secrecy surrounding their health conditions and the importance of understanding the health of political leaders are also highlighted.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS AND HISTORY OF MEDICINE
(2023)
