Article
Medical Ethics
Dieter Birnbacher
ETHIK IN DER MEDIZIN
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Sarah Heynemann, Wendy Lipworth, Sue-Anne Mclachlan, Jennifer Philip, Tom John, Ian Kerridge
Summary: Clinical trials are crucial for generating evidence and improving patient outcomes, but participants often face trade-offs and misunderstandings, leading to the 'therapeutic misconception'. The evolution of clinical trials and healthcare challenges the significance of this misconception and calls for a re-examination of the ethics surrounding trial access, participant selection, communication, consent, and role delineation.
Article
Ethics
Abigail Wilkinson, Siyabonga Thabethe, Jessica Salzwedel, Catherine Slack
Summary: Stakeholder engagement in HIV prevention trials is perceived to have beneficial outcomes in terms of empowerment, building equitable relationships, and strengthening protections.
JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Eva van Baarle, Steven van Baarle
Summary: Military employees face moral dilemmas that can have significant impacts on society and their personal lives. In order to support them in making ethical decisions, researchers developed and evaluated a value-based reflection tool. The findings suggest that this tool can enhance moral competence in organizational settings by stimulating reflection, empathy, and psychological safety.
Article
Ethics
Eric Racine, Benedicte D'Anjou, Clara Dallaire, Vincent Dumez, Caroline Favron-Godbout, Anne Hudon, Marjorie Montreuil, Catherine Olivier, Ariane Quintal, Vanessa Chenel
Summary: Living labs are interdisciplinary and participatory initiatives aimed at bringing research closer to practice. This discussion paper reports and discusses four initial issues in setting up a living lab in ethics and presents the paths taken based on the orientation of living ethics. It hopes to clarify the theoretical, methodological, and practical approaches necessary for the successful adoption and use of living labs.
Article
Ethics
Hugh Desmond
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of expert communication in scientific integrity codes and introduces a new ethical framework, emphasizing that expert communication should be viewed as an intrinsically ethical activity of a deliberative agent. It points out that expert communication involves moral trade-offs, and ethicality cannot be ensured simply by complying with various requirements.
Review
Medical Ethics
Leslie D. Mcintosh, Cynthia Hudson Vitale
Summary: This study analyzes the expertise, conflicts of interest, and objectivity of editors, authors, and peer reviewers involved in a special journal issue on fertility, pregnancy, and mental health. The study reveals undisclosed conflicts of interest among some authors, editors, and peer reviewers, which compromises objectivity. The lack of transparency undermines the peer review process and allows for biased research and dissemination of misinformation.
ACCOUNTABILITY IN RESEARCH-ETHICS INTEGRITY AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Felix Pageau, Gaelle Fiasse, Lennart Nordenfelt, Emilian Mihailov
Summary: As the world population ages rapidly, attention to the care of the elderly becomes crucial. The loss of dignity is a common concern associated with aging, due to conditions such as dementia and mobility issues. However, the concept of dignity is often deemed useless by some ethicists. To address this, the authors propose four concepts to better define and accurately utilize the notion of dignity. The importance of solicitude and human dignity in geriatric care is also emphasized, aiming to ensure respect, friendship, and dignity for the elderly.
Article
Ethics
Zamina Zahra Mithani, Abigail M. Judge
Summary: The care for women in the sex trade with substance use disorder (SUD) poses ethical challenges. The proposed framework, focusing on autonomy, power, and place, aims to improve ethical clinical care for these individuals seeking SUD treatment. By considering relational autonomy, power relations in clinical settings, and geographical analysis, this framework provides guidance on creating space for those with sex trade experience in substance use treatment facilities. The practical applications of this framework address the clinical and ethical gap in providing better care for marginalized women in the sex trade.
Article
Ethics
Kamran Salayev, Ulviyya Aslanova, Kerim Munir
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate children's capacity for informed consent. The findings suggest that children's ability to comprehend the informed consent process continues to mature with age. There is no specific age cutoff to determine whether children are competent enough to provide informed consent.
JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Stephanie Johnson, Stephen Roberts, Sarah Hayes, Amelia Fiske, Federica Lucivero, Stuart McLennan, Amicia Phillips, Gabrielle Samuel, Barbara Prainsack
Summary: This article investigates how residents in England and Scotland enacted, understood, or criticized (the lack of) solidarity during the first national lockdown in the United Kingdom in April 2020. It finds that although solidarity was practiced by some people, the perceived lack of solidarity was just as pronounced. The authors conclude that actual practices of solidarity are poorly understood, despite the importance of solidarity for public health and policy.
PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Martina E. Gustavsson, Johan von Schreeb, Filip K. Arnberg, Niklas Juth
Summary: This study analyzes descriptions of moral stress among Swedish healthcare workers, refining a definition through conceptual analysis. Three main themes emerged: feeling prevented from acting, hindered by organizational obstacles, and pandemic-related hindrances. The study argues for the importance of framing the concept of moral stress to develop prevention measures for negative outcomes.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
W. Lipworth, I. Kerridge, C. Stewart, D. Silva, R. Upshur
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated and expanded scientific research, but also highlighted issues regarding ethics, rigor, and integrity. Existing strategies for promoting scientific rigor and integrity need improvement.
JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Rogerio Aparecido Dedivitis, Leandro Luongo de Matos, Mario Augusto Ferrari de Castro, Andrea Anacleto Ferrari de Castro, Renata Rocha Giaxa, Patricia Zen Tempski
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the views on euthanasia and its variants among medical students and residents in Brazil, and to explore the correlation between these views, empathy, religiosity/spiritualism, and the stages of medical training. The results showed that the refusal rates for passive euthanasia, active euthanasia, dysthanasia, and assisted suicide increased with longer medical training. Religious belief and empathy did not significantly influence the opinion about these concepts.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Martin Marchman Andersen, Lasse Nielsen
Summary: Ageism refers to the belief that allocating healthcare resources to younger people is morally superior to allocating them to older people. Standard interpretations of distributive principles imply some form of ageism. However, this perspective overlooks the importance of healthcare safety for older individuals.
PUBLIC HEALTH ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Brendan Parent, Olivia S. Kates, Wadih Arap, Arthur Caplan, Brian Childs, Neal W. Dickert, Mary Homan, Kathy Kinlaw, Ayannah Lang, Stephen Latham, Macey L. Levan, Robert D. Truog, Adam Webb, Paul Root Wolpe, Rebecca D. Pentz
Summary: Research involving the recently deceased can fill a research gap and reduce harm to animals and living human subjects. However, it also presents challenges in terms of honoring the donor's legacy, respecting the rights of donor loved ones, resource allocation, and public health. To maintain public trust and ethical advancements in research involving the recently deceased, new empirical ethics questions need to be addressed.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Michael Montess
Summary: Building solidarity during pandemics involves different tiers, including interpersonal, group, and institutional solidarity. Empathetic accounts of solidarity help us understand how to build solidarity from tier to tier and motivate solidaristic action. During COVID-19, there was a focus on institutional solidarity, often overlooking interpersonal and group solidarity, while during HIV/AIDS, there was an emphasis on bottom-up approaches and lower tiers. Therefore, it is important to establish a strong foundation and promote different tiers of solidarity to improve our responses during pandemics.
Article
Ethics
Michael Dunn, Mark Sheehan
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of a research branch in the field of bioethics called 'translational bioethics' and compares the assumptions made by proponents of translational approaches with the reality of bioethics as an academic field. The authors argue that the understanding of the 'translation gap' in bioethics is flawed and provide three interpretations of this gap. They demonstrate how a proper understanding of the nature of bioethics undermines the formulation of these gaps and questions the need for 'translational bioethics'.
Article
Ethics
Mary Amoakoh-Coleman, Dorice Vieira, James Abugri
Summary: This paper explores the ethical considerations in the establishment and conduct of biobanking and genomic studies in Africa. The research highlights various ethical issues associated with community knowledge and understanding, regulation and governance, recruitment of participants, types of informed consents, data collection, storage, usage and sharing, and material transfer. It emphasizes the importance of building trust with research participants and the need for clear ethical frameworks and guidelines to ensure the ethical conduct of biobanking and genomic research in Africa.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Anna Yu Lee, Curtis Lehmann, Pengchong Zhou, Bin Xie, Kim D. Reynolds, Alan W. Stacy
Summary: This study develops and evaluates a novel survey measure for assessing moral evaluations of patient substance misuse (ME-PSM). The results suggest that ME-PSM is higher among younger health professionals, nurses, and Chinese health professionals.
PHILOSOPHY ETHICS AND HUMANITIES IN MEDICINE
(2023)
