Infectious Diseases

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Article Immunology

Persistent Circulating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Spike Is Associated With Post-acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 Sequelae

Zoe Swank, Yasmeen Senussi, Zachary Manickas-Hill, Xu G. Yu, Jonathan Z. Li, Galit Alter, David R. Walt

Summary: This study analyzed plasma samples from PASC and COVID-19 patients and found that spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can be detected predominantly in PASC patients for up to 12 months.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Article Immunology

Novel Canine Coronavirus Isolated from a Hospitalized Patient With Pneumonia in East Malaysia

Anastasia N. Vlasova, Annika Diaz, Debasu Damtie, Leshan Xiu, Teck-Hock Toh, Jeffrey Soon-Yit Lee, Linda J. Saif, Gregory C. Gray

Summary: This study identified a novel canine-feline recombinant alphacoronavirus isolated from a child with pneumonia, suggesting recent zoonotic transmission and emphasizing the public health threat of animal CoVs. Better surveillance is needed to monitor these viruses and their potential impact on human health.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Clinical and virological features of first human monkeypox cases in Germany

Sebastian Noe, Sabine Zange, Michael Seilmaier, Markus H. Antwerpen, Thomas Fenzl, Jochen Schneider, Christoph D. Spinner, Joachim J. Bugert, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Roman Woelfel

Summary: This article presents the first two cases of human monkeypox infection diagnosed in Germany. The importance of rapid diagnosis and public health response is emphasized, along with the need for differential diagnosis of rash, especially in patients with frequent sexual contacts.

INFECTION (2023)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Omicron (B.1.1.529)-highlights Africa's research capabilities, but exposes major knowledge gaps, inequities of vaccine distribution, inadequacies in global COVID-19 response and control efforts

Eskild Petersen, Francine Ntoumi, David Hui, Aisha Abubakar, Laura D. Kramer, Christina Obiero, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Lucille Blumberg, Richard Yapi, Seif Al-Abri, Tatiana de Castro Abreu Pinto, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu, Najmul Haider, Danny Asogun, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Nathan Kapata, Matthew Bates, Rashid Ansumana, Chiara Montaldo, Luchenga Mucheleng'anga, John Tembo, Peter Mwaba, Cordelia Himwaze, Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid, Sayoki Mfinanga, Leonard Mboera, Tajudeen Raj, Eleni Aklillu, Francisco Veas, Sarah Edwards, Pontiano Kaleebu, Timothy D. McHugh, Jeremiah Chakaya, Thomas Nyirenda, Moses Bockarie, Peter S. Nyasulu, Christian Wejse, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Esam Azhar, Markus Maeurer, Jean B. Nachega, Richard Kock, Giuseppe Ippolito, Alimuddin Zumla

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Monkeypox outbreaks outside endemic regions: scientific and social priorities Comment

Alimuddin Zumla, Sofia R. Valdoleiros, Najmul Haider, Danny Asogun, Fracine Ntoumi, Eskild Peterson, Richard Kock

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Estimated incubation period for monkeypox cases confirmed in the Netherlands, May 2022

Fuminari Miura, Catharina Else van Ewijk, Jantien A. Backer, Maria Xiridou, Eelco Franz, Eline Op de Coul, Diederik Brandwagt, Brigitte van Cleef, Gini van Rijckevorsel, Corien Swaan, Susan van den Hof, Jacco Wallinga

Summary: Based on 18 confirmed monkeypox cases in the Netherlands, the average incubation period was found to be 8.5 days, supporting the recommendation to monitor or isolate/quarantine case contacts for 21 days. Further epidemiological investigations are needed to confirm potential differences in the incubation period between different transmission routes.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst children and young people: A meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studies

S. A. Behnood, R. Shafran, S. D. Bennett, A. X. D. Zhang, L. L. O'Mahoney, T. J. Stephenson, S. N. Ladhani, B. L. De Stavola, R. M. Viner, O. V. Swann

Summary: There is conflicting data on the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people. This study assessed the evidence on long-term post-COVID symptoms in this population, including prevalence, risk factors, type, and duration. The findings suggest that the frequency of most reported persistent symptoms is similar in COVID-positive cases and controls.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Dynamic IgG seropositivity after rollout of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines in Chile: a sentinel surveillance study

Denis Saure, Miguel O'Ryan, Juan Pablo Torres, Marcela Zuniga, Emilio Santelices, Leonardo J. Basso

Summary: The study in Chile found that individuals who received the CoronaVac vaccine had a lower IgG seropositivity compared to those who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Over time, the IgG seropositivity for CoronaVac recipients declined, while those who received BNT162b2 maintained high levels of IgG positivity. Further monitoring of IgG levels will help in evaluating vaccine effectiveness and exploring potential adjustments to vaccination strategies in the future.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Protective immunity after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection

Noah Kojima, Jeffrey D. Klausner

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Immunology

Homologous or heterologous booster of inactivated vaccine reduces SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant escape from neutralizing antibodies

Xun Wang, Xiaoyu Zhao, Jieyu Song, Jing Wu, Yuqi Zhu, Minghui Li, Yuchen Cui, Yanjia Chen, Lulu Yang, Jun Liu, Huanzhang Zhu, Shibo Jiang, Pengfei Wang

Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant is highly resistant to neutralization by sera from convalescents or individuals vaccinated with two doses of inactivated whole-virion vaccines. However, a homologous or heterologous booster significantly increased neutralization titers. Additionally, the Omicron variant resists most monoclonal antibodies targeting distinct epitopes. These findings highlight the importance of pushing forward booster vaccinations to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2022)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Waves and variants of SARS-CoV-2: understanding the causes and effect of the COVID-19 catastrophe

Vikram Thakur, Shivam Bhola, Pryanka Thakur, Sanjay Kumar Singh Patel, Saurabh Kulshrestha, Radha Kanta Ratho, Pradeep Kumar

Summary: The coronavirus disease-19 has made a permanent mark in human history, with its variants playing a crucial role in increased transmissibility, infectivity, and immune escape of the virus. The effectiveness of vaccines is severely affected by the new variants.

INFECTION (2022)

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Letter Immunology

Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant to convalescent and CoronaVac vaccine plasma

Yingdan Wang, Yunping Ma, Yan Xu, Jiangyan Liu, Xiang Li, Yuyuan Chen, Yan Chen, Jun Xie, Lianbo Xiao, Zheng Xiang, Fan Wu, Jinghe Huang

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Severity of omicron variant of concern and effectiveness of vaccine boosters against symptomatic disease in Scotland (EAVE II): a national cohort study with nested test-negative design

Aziz Sheikh, Steven Kerr, Mark Woolhouse, Jim McMenamin, Chris Robertson

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a two-thirds reduction in the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization compared to the Delta variant. Booster vaccines provide substantial additional protection against symptomatic infection with the Omicron variant.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Review Infectious Diseases

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic and severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Paddy Ssentongo, Anna E. Ssentongo, Navya Voleti, Destin Groff, Ashley Sun, Djibril M. Ba, Jonathan Nunez, Leslie J. Parent, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Catharine Paules

Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the duration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy against infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and severe COVID-19. The results showed that the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic COVID-19 decreased over time, while the protection against severe COVID-19 remained high.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Neutralisation sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies

Daichi Yamasoba, Yusuke Kosugi, Izumi Kimura, Shigeru Fujita, Keiya Uriu, Jumpei Ito, Kei Sato

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The WHO Global Tuberculosis 2021 Report - not so good news and turning the tide back to End TB

Jeremiah Chakaya, Eskild Petersen, Rebecca Nantanda, Brenda N. Mungai, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Farhana Amanullah, Patrick Lungu, Francine Ntoumi, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Markus Maeurer, Alimuddin Zumla

Summary: The 2021 WHO global TB report presents a grim situation in the global epidemic of TB, including a stagnation in TB incidence decline, a decline in TB notifications, and an increase in estimated TB deaths. None of the targets set at the 2018 United Nations High Level Meeting on TB were achieved. The sub-optimal global performance in achieving TB control targets in 2020 is attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, but TB programs were already off track before the pandemic, highlighting the fragility of the global TB response. Ending the global TB epidemic requires bold leadership, optimization of interventions, widespread coverage, addressing social determinants, and mobilization of adequate funding.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Generation time of the alpha and delta SARS-CoV-2 variants: an epidemiological analysis

William S. Hart, Elizabeth Miller, Nick J. Andrews, Pauline Waight, Philip K. Maini, Sebastian Funk, Robin N. Thompson

Summary: The study found that the Delta variant transmits more quickly within households compared to the Alpha variant, likely due to rapid depletion of susceptible individuals and a possible decrease in the generation time.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: Emergence of a novel viral lineage?

Nicolas Luna, Angie L. Ramirez, Marina Munoz, Nathalia Ballesteros, Luz H. Patino, Sergio Andres Castaneda, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi, Juan David Ramirez

Summary: Since May 13, 2022, there has been an increasing number of suspected and confirmed cases of monkeypox reported in non-endemic regions worldwide. Analysis of the virus genomes revealed three distinct clades, including a newly emerging clade from the 2022 outbreak. The surge in cases and widespread geographical spread suggest multiple factors driving the current outbreak dynamics.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Immunological and clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised populations: a systematic review

Simon Galmiche, Liem Binh Luong Nguyen, Eric Tartour, Xavier de Lamballerie, Linda Wittkop, Paul Loubet, Odile Launay

Summary: This article systematically reviews the immunogenicity, efficacy, and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised populations. The results highlight the risk of low immunogenicity in solid organ transplant recipients and patients with hematological malignancy. Enhanced vaccine regimens may be necessary despite the lack of vaccine effectiveness data.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Tigecycline antibacterial activity, clinical effectiveness, and mechanisms and epidemiology of resistance: narrative review

Sajad Yaghoubi, Angelina Olegovna Zekiy, Marcela Krutova, Mehrdad Gholami, Ebrahim Kouhsari, Mohammad Sholeh, Zahra Ghafouri, Farajolah Maleki

Summary: Tigecycline is a unique semisynthetic antimicrobial agent developed to treat polymicrobial infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. By adding a glycyclamide moiety to the structure of minocycline, tigecycline is able to bypass tetracycline resistance mechanisms. It is currently approved for complicated skin infections, intra-abdominal infections, and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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