Hematology

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Article Hematology

International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data

Daniel A. Arber, Attilio Orazi, Robert P. Hasserjian, Michael J. Borowitz, Katherine R. Calvo, Hans-Michael Kvasnicka, Sa A. Wang, Adam Bagg, Tiziano Barbui, Susan Branford, Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, Jorge E. Cortes, Paola Dal Cin, Courtney D. DiNardo, Herve Dombret, Eric J. Duncavage, Benjamin L. Ebert, Elihu H. Estey, Fabio Facchetti, Kathryn Foucar, Naseema Gangat, Umberto Gianelli, Lucy A. Godley, Nicola Gokbuget, Jason Gotlib, Eva Hellstrom-Lindberg, Gabriela S. Hobbs, Ronald Hoffman, Elias J. Jabbour, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Richard A. Larson, Michelle M. Le Beau, Mignon L. -C. Loh, Bob Lowenberg, Elizabeth Macintyre, Luca Malcovati, Charles G. Mullighan, Charlotte Niemeyer, Olatoyosi M. Odenike, Seishi Ogawa, Alberto Orfao, Elli Papaemmanuil, Francesco Passamonti, Kimmo Porkka, Ching-Hon Pui, Jerald P. Radich, Andreas Reiter, Maria Rozman, Martina Rudelius, Michael R. Savona, Charles A. Schiffer, Annette Schmitt-Graeff, Akiko Shimamura, Jorge Sierra, Wendy A. Stock, Richard M. Stone, Martin S. Tallman, Juergen Thiele, Hwei-Fang Tien, Alexandar Tzankov, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Paresh Vyas, Andrew H. Wei, Olga K. Weinberg, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Mario Cazzola, Hartmut Dohner, Ayalew Tefferi

Summary: In 2016, the WHO, Society for Hematopathology, and European Association for Haematopathology collaborated to update the classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias, advancing the field of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias.

BLOOD (2022)

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Article Hematology

Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN

Hartmut Doehner, Andrew H. Wei, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Charles Craddock, Courtney D. DiNardo, Herve Dombret, Benjamin L. Ebert, Pierre Fenaux, Lucy A. Godley, Robert P. Hasserjian, Richard A. Larson, Ross L. Levine, Yasushi Miyazaki, Dietger Niederwieser, Gert Ossenkoppele, Christoph Roellig, Jorge Sierra, Eytan M. Stein, Martin S. Tallman, Hwei-Fang Tien, Jianxiang Wang, Agnieszka Wierzbowska, Bob Lowenberg

Summary: The 2010 and 2017 editions of the European LeukemiaNet recommendations for AML diagnosis and management are widely recognized. There have been major advances in our understanding of AML, including disease classification updates, improvements in genomic diagnostics, and the development of new therapeutic agents. This update includes a revised genetic risk classification, response criteria, and treatment recommendations.

BLOOD (2022)

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Article Hematology

The International Consensus Classification of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms: a report from the Clinical Advisory Committee

Elias Campo, Elaine S. Jaffe, James R. Cook, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Steven H. Swerdlow, Kenneth C. Anderson, Pierre Brousset, Lorenzo Cerroni, Laurence de Leval, Stefan Dirnhofer, Ahmet Dogan, Andrew L. Feldman, Falko Fend, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Philippe Gaulard, Paolo Ghia, Steven M. Horwitz, Rebecca L. King, Gilles Salles, Jesus San-Miguel, John F. Seymour, Steven P. Treon, Julie M. Vose, Emanuele Zucca, Ranjana Advani, Stephen Ansell, Wing-Yan Au, Carlos Barrionuevo, Leif Bergsagel, Wing C. Chan, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Francesco d'Amore, Andrew Davies, Brunangelo Falini, Irene M. Ghobrial, John R. Goodlad, John G. Gribben, Eric D. Hsi, Brad S. Kahl, Won-Seog Kim, Shaji Kumar, Ann S. LaCasce, Camille Laurent, Georg Lenz, John P. Leonard, Michael P. Link, Armando Lopez-Guillermo, Maria Victoria Mateos, Elizabeth Macintyre, Ari M. Melnick, Franck Morschhauser, Shigeo Nakamura, Marina Narbaitz, Astrid Pavlovsky, Stefano A. Pileri, Miguel Piris, Barbara Pro, Vincent Rajkumar, Steven T. Rosen, Birgitta Sander, Laurie Sehn, Margaret A. Shipp, Sonali M. Smith, Louis M. Staudt, Catherine Thieblemont, Thomas Tousseyn, Wyndham H. Wilson, Tadashi Yoshino, Pier-Luigi Zinzani, Martin Dreyling, David W. Scott, Jane N. Winter, Andrew Zelenetz

Summary: Since 1994, the classification of lymphoid neoplasms has been continuously updated through international efforts, with recent progress driven by genomic studies. This proposal presents the International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid, histiocytic, and dendritic cell tumors, which has refined diagnostic criteria and incorporated new insights from genomics.

BLOOD (2022)

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Review Hematology

Adherence to the 'Atrial Fibrillation Better Care' Pathway in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Impact on Clinical Outcomes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 285,000 Patients

Giulio Francesco Romiti, Daniele Pastori, Jose Miguel Rivera-Caravaca, Wern Yew Ding, Ying Xuan Gue, Danilo Menichelli, Jakub Gumprecht, Monika Koziel, Pil-Sung Yang, Yutao Guo, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Marco Proietti

Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the use of the ABC pathway in patients with atrial fibrillation showed suboptimal adherence at 21%, but adherence was associated with a lower risk of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, stroke, and major bleeding. Comorbidities and longer follow-up were identified as factors affecting heterogeneity and effectiveness of the pathway.

THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

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Review Hematology

2021 Focused Update Consensus Guidelines of the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society on Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary *

Tze-Fan Chao, Boyoung Joung, Yoshihide Takahashi, Toon Wei Lim, Eue-Keun Choi, Yi-Hsin Chan, Yutao Guo, Charn Sriratanasathavorn, Seil Oh, Ken Okumura, Gregory Y. H. Lip

Summary: The consensus on stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation by the APHRS in 2017 provided clinical guidance for healthcare professionals in the Asia-Pacific region. The updated 2021 focused update highlighted issues such as the AF Better Care pathway, advantages of NOACs for Asians, and the use of oral anticoagulants during the COVID-19 pandemic. While acknowledging gaps and uncertainties in current knowledge of AF, the importance of physician's decision-making in AF management was emphasized.

THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

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Review Oncology

Cancer vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics: platforms and current progress

Jian Liu, Minyang Fu, Manni Wang, Dandan Wan, Yuquan Wei, Xiawei Wei

Summary: Research on tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress, and cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Cancer vaccines stimulate anti-tumor immunity with tumor antigens, potentially overcoming immune suppression and inducing both humoral and cellular immunity. This review introduces the working mechanism of cancer vaccines, summarizes different development platforms, and highlights their clinical research progress, with a focus on clinical application and therapeutic efficacy.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Review Hematology

Lipoprotein(a): A Genetically Determined, Causal, and Prevalent Risk Factor for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Gissette Reyes-Soffer, Henry N. Ginsberg, Lars Berglund, P. Barton Duell, Sean P. Heffron, Pia R. Kamstrup, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Santica M. Marcovina, Calvin Yeang, Marlys L. Koschinsky

Summary: High levels of Lp(a) are an independent and causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Genetic factors determine 70% to 90% of interindividual heterogeneity in Lp(a) levels. There is a lack of standardized assays, diagnostic guidelines, and targeted treatments for lowering Lp(a). Understanding the genetic and biological basis for variation in Lp(a) levels in different populations is crucial.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease

Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley, Yvonne Baumer, Foster Osei Baah, Andrew S. Baez, Nicole Farmer, Christa T. Mahlobo, Mario A. Pita, Kameswari A. Potharaju, Kosuke Tamura, Gwenyth R. Wallen

Summary: Social determinants of health have a significant impact on the development of cardiovascular disease and its outcomes, but their influence is not fully understood. This review aims to further investigate the relationship between social determinants of health and cardiovascular disease, and provide a framework for future research and interventions.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Hematology

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia

Frederikus A. Klok, Menaka Pai, Menno Huisman, Michael Makris

Summary: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 were rapidly developed and introduced, leading to a major impact on the evolution of the disease. However, reports of rare side-effects such as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) have emerged, requiring prompt testing and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and non-heparin anticoagulants.

LANCET HAEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Natalia S. Rost, Amy Brodtmann, Matthew P. Pase, Susanne J. van Veluw, Alessandro Biffi, Marco Duering, Jason D. Hinman, Martin Dichgans

Summary: Poststroke cognitive impairment and dementia is a common problem among stroke patients, influenced by factors such as age, education level, preexisting cognitive decline, and history of prior stroke. Manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease also contribute to cognitive outcomes. Understanding the interaction between acute stroke events and preexisting brain pathology is crucial for personalized prediction, prevention, targeted interventions, and rehabilitation.

CIRCULATION RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Oncology

Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling

Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh, Maliheh Entezari, Sepideh Mirzaei, Amirhossein Zabolian, Hossein Saleki, Mohamad Javad Naghdi, Sina Sabet, Mohammad Amin Khoshbakht, Mehrdad Hashemi, Kiavash Hushmandi, Gautam Sethi, Ali Zarrabi, Alan Prem Kumar, Shing Cheng Tan, Marios Papadakis, Athanasios Alexiou, Md Asiful Islam, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Milad Ashrafizadeh

Summary: This review discusses the role of exosomes in cancer progression, therapy, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. The study found that exosomes can influence cancer cell proliferation and migration rates by modulating components of the tumor microenvironment. Depending on their cargo, exosomes can promote or suppress tumor cell progression and enhance or reduce the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, exosomes can trigger chronic inflammation and lead to immune evasion and tumor progression by transferring RNA and modulating molecular signaling pathways. Moreover, exosomes can serve as carriers of anti-tumor agents and genetic tools to control cancer progression. Finally, exosomes are valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools in the treatment of cancer patients.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Review Oncology

Improvement of the anticancer efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via combination therapy and PD-L1 regulation

Mengling Wu, Qianrui Huang, Yao Xie, Xuyi Wu, Hongbo Ma, Yiwen Zhang, Yong Xia

Summary: PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints inhibit the anticancer effect of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, and downregulation or upregulation of PD-L1 expression can improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Overcoming the current limitations of this treatment can expand its anticancer applications and improve patient response rates and survival time.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Hematology

Molecular characterization of mutant TP53 acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome

Tim Grob, Adil S. A. Al Hinai, Mathijs A. Sanders, Francois G. Kavelaars, Melissa Rijken, Patrycja L. Gradowska, Bart J. Biemond, Dimitri A. Breems, Johan Maertens, Marinus van Marwijk Kooy, Thomas Pabst, Okke de Weerdt, Gert J. Ossenkoppele, Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht, Gerwin A. Huls, Jan J. Cornelissen, H. Berna Beverloo, Bob Lowenberg, Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic, Peter J. M. Valk

Summary: Mutant TP53 AML and MDS-EB share similar molecular characteristics and survival outcomes, suggesting that they should be considered as distinct molecular disease entities.

BLOOD (2022)

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Article Hematology

APR-246 induces early cell death by ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia

Rudy Birsen, Clement Larrue, Justine Decroocq, Natacha Johnson, Nathan Guiraud, Mathilde Gotanegre, Lilia Cantero-Aguilar, Eric Grignano, Tony Huynh, Michaela Fontenay, Olivier Kosmider, Patrick Mayeux, Nicolas Chapuis, Jean Emmanuel Sarry, Jerome Tamburini, Didier Bouscary

Summary: APR 246 is a promising therapeutic agent for myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia that targets p53 mutated proteins. It has been found to reactivate the transcriptional activity of p53 mutants and induce p53-independent cell death. The study also demonstrates the association between APR 246 and ferroptosis, a recently described cell death process. The detoxification capacity of AML cells to maintain glutathione biosynthesis may play a key role in determining sensitivity to APR 246.

HAEMATOLOGICA (2022)

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Article Hematology

Multiple myeloma: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management

S. Vincent Rajkumar

Summary: Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy that accounts for approximately 10% of cases. The diagnosis is based on the presence of clonal bone marrow plasma cells and associated symptoms. High-risk patients require stem cell transplantation and may benefit from different treatment regimens.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Hematology

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

P. Barton Duell, Francine K. Welty, Michael Miller, Alan Chait, Gmerice Hammond, Zahid Ahmad, David E. Cohen, Jay D. Horton, Gregg S. Pressman, Peter P. Toth

Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common chronic condition that is often undetected until it progresses to serious complications, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Oncology

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic/Dendritic Neoplasms

Joseph D. Khoury, Eric Solary, Oussama Abla, Yassmine Akkari, Rita Alaggio, Jane F. Apperley, Rafael Bejar, Emilio Berti, Lambert Busque, John K. C. Chan, Weina Chen, Xueyan Chen, Wee-Joo Chng, John K. Choi, Isabel Colmenero, Sarah E. Coupland, Nicholas C. P. Cross, Daphne De Jong, M. Tarek Elghetany, Emiko Takahashi, Jean-Francois Emile, Judith Ferry, Linda Fogelstrand, Michaela Fontenay, Ulrich Germing, Sumeet Gujral, Torsten Haferlach, Claire Harrison, Jennelle C. Hodge, Shimin Hu, Joop H. Jansen, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Christian P. Kratz, Xiao-Qiu Li, Megan S. Lim, Keith Loeb, Sanam Loghavi, Andrea Marcogliese, Soheil Meshinchi, Phillip Michaels, Kikkeri N. Naresh, Yasodha Natkunam, Reza Nejati, German Ott, Eric Padron, Keyur P. Patel, Nikhil Patkar, Jennifer Picarsic, Uwe Platzbecker, Irene Roberts, Anna Schuh, William Sewell, Reiner Siebert, Prashant Tembhare, Jeffrey Tyner, Srdan Verstovsek, Wei Wang, Brent Wood, Wenbin Xiao, Cecilia Yeung, Andreas Hochhaus

Summary: This paper summarizes the new WHO classification scheme for myeloid and histiocytic/dendritic neoplasms, emphasizing the refinement of diagnostic criteria and the importance of actionable biomarkers, while maintaining global applicability.

LEUKEMIA (2022)

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Article Hematology

ISTH guidelines for antithrombotic treatment in COVID-19

Sam Schulman, Michelle Sholzberg, Alex C. Spyropoulos, Ryan Zarychanski, Helaine E. Resnick, Charlotte A. Bradbury, Lisa Broxmeyer, Jean Marie Connors, Anna Falanga, Toshiaki Iba, Scott Kaatz, Jerrold H. Levy, Saskia Middeldorp, Tracy Minichiello, Eduardo Ramacciotti, Charles Marc Samama, Jecko Thachil

Summary: Antithrombotic agents, particularly heparins, are recommended for patients with COVID-19 to reduce thromboembolism risk. The optimal dosing and timing of these treatments, as well as the benefits of other antithrombotic agents, are still unclear. A panel of experts developed 12 recommendations based on high- to moderate-quality evidence, including the use of prophylactic or therapeutic dose heparin for different patient groups. Additional weak recommendations were made for the use of sulodexide, adding antiplatelet agents, and prophylactic rivaroxaban in select patients. Future updates will incorporate new evidence and may modify these recommendations.

JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS (2022)

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Article Hematology

Efficacy of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose in patients with CLL who failed standard 2-dose vaccination

Yair Herishanu, Galia Rahav, Shai Levi, Andrei Braester, Gilad Itchaki, Osnat Bairey, Najib Dally, Lev Shvidel, Tomer Ziv-Baran, Aaron Polliack, Tamar Tadmor, Ohad Benjamini

Summary: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have impaired antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. A third dose of the vaccine can improve the antibody response in some CLL patients. Patients on active treatment and those recently treated with anti-CD20 therapy have lower antibody response rates.

BLOOD (2022)

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Review Oncology

Gut microbiota influence immunotherapy responses: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Yuting Lu, Xiangliang Yuan, Miao Wang, Zhihao He, Hongzhong Li, Ji Wang, Qin Li

Summary: The gut microbiota play a crucial role in modulating antitumor immunity and enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. Metabolites are a key mechanism through which the gut microbiota impact antitumor immune responses.

JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY (2022)

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