Health Care Sciences & Services

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Predictors of uncertainty and unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 booster vaccine: An observational study of 22,139 fully vaccinated adults in the UK

Elise Paul, Daisy Fancourt

Summary: The study found that individuals who were uncertain or unwilling to receive the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to have the same attitude towards booster vaccines. Additionally, younger age, lower educational qualifications, lower socio-economic status, and non-compliance with government guidelines were associated with unwillingness to receive booster vaccines.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Effectiveness of a third dose of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a large US health system: A retrospective cohort study

Sara Y. Tartof, Jeff M. Slezak, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Timothy B. Frankland, Bradley K. Ackerson, Harpreet S. Takhar, Oluwaseye A. Ogun, Sarah R. Simmons, Joann M. Zamparo, Sharon Gray, Srinivas R. Valluri, Kaije Pan, Luis Jodar, John M. McLaughlin

Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in a large US health system. The results showed that after receiving only two doses, the protection against infection declined over time but remained high against hospitalization. The three-dose vaccine showed better effectiveness, providing comparable or better protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospital admissions compared to two doses.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS (2022)

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Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Economic Burden of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Fayolah Richards, Petya Kodjamanova, Xue Chen, Nicole Li, Petar Atanasov, Liga Bennetts, Brandon J. Patterson, Behin Yektashenas, Marco Mesa-Frias, Krzysztof Tronczynski, Nasuh Buyukkaramikli, Antoine C. El Khoury

Summary: This article reviews and synthesizes the evidence on the economic burden of COVID-19, including healthcare resource utilization and costs. The study found that patients with severe COVID-19 were associated with higher costs, mainly driven by ICU admission and in-hospital resource use such as mechanical ventilation. Productivity losses were the most frequently reported indirect costs. Older patients incurred higher costs compared to younger age groups. A Monte Carlo simulation estimated a total direct medical cost of $163.4 billion in the United States based on a 20% COVID-19 infection rate. Preventive measures such as non-pharmaceutical interventions only partially succeeded in reducing the economic costs of the pandemic. Implementing additional measures such as large-scale vaccination is crucial in reducing direct and indirect medical costs, productivity losses, and GDP losses.

CLINICOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

The burden of mental disorders, substance use disorders and self-harm among young people in Europe, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Giulio Castelpietra, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Emilie E. Agardh, Benedetta Armocida, Massimiliano Beghi, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Giancarlo Logroscino, Rui Ma, Fabrizio Starace, Nicholas Steel, Giovanni Addolorato, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Jose L. Ayuso-Mateos, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Barnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Felix Carvalho, Marcia Carvalho, Joht Singh Chandan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Rosa A. S. Couto, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Paul Dargan, Keshab Deuba, Diana Dias da Silva, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Florian Fischer, Peter Andras Gaal, Alessandro Gialluisi, Juanita A. Haagsma, Josep Maria Haro, M. Tasdik Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Sorin Hostiuc, Licia Iacoviello, Ivo Iavicoli, Elham Jamshidi, Jost B. Jonas, Tamas Joo, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Joonas H. Kauppila, Moien A. B. Khan, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Mika Kivimaki, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Ai Koyanagi, Manasi Kumar, Tea Lallukka, Berthold Langguth, Caterina Ledda, Paul H. Lee, Ilaria Lega, Christine Linehan, Joana A. Loureiro, Aurea M. Madureira-Carvalho, Jose Martinez-Raga, Manu Raj Mathur, John J. McGrath, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Tomislav Mestrovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Andreea Mirica, Antonio Mirijello, Babak Moazen, Shafiu Mohammed, Francesk Mulita, Gabriele Nagel, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Shahina Pardhan, Maja Pasovic, Jay Patel, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Marina Pinheiro, Richard Charles G. Pollok, Maarten J. Postma, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Esperanza Romero-Rodriguez, Luca Ronfani, Dominic Sagoe, Francesco Sanmarchi, Michael P. Schaub, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Rahman Shiri, Farhad Shokraneh, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Joao Pedro Silva, Renata Silva, Bogdan Socea, Miklos Szocska, Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos, Marco Torrado, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Massimiliano Veroux, Russell M. Viner, Andrea Werdecker, Andrea Sylvia Winkler, Simon Hay, Alize J. Ferrari, Mohsen Naghavi, Peter Allebeck, Lorenzo Monasta

Summary: Mental health conditions pose a significant burden on young people in Europe, with high prevalence rates of mental disorders, substance use disorders, and self-harm. The study highlights variations in the burden of these conditions across countries, genders, and age groups, with countries with lower socio-demographic development index experiencing higher rates of substance use disorders and self-harm.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Machine-Learning-Based Disease Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Review

Md Manjurul Ahsan, Shahana Akter Luna, Zahed Siddique

Summary: This paper explores the application of machine learning in the early diagnosis of diseases and conducts a bibliometric analysis to identify the most influential authors, countries, organizations, and articles. It summarizes the recent trends and approaches in machine-learning-based disease diagnosis, considering factors such as algorithms, disease types, data types, applications, and evaluation metrics. The paper highlights key findings and provides insights into future trends and opportunities in the MLBDD area.

HEALTHCARE (2022)

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Article Oncology

Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and resistance: another challenge in cancer patients

Nesrine Mejri, Yosra Berrazega, Emna Ouertani, Haifa Rachdi, Mariem Bohli, Lotfi Kochbati, Hamouda Boussen

Summary: The study found that factors like educational level, history of comorbidities, history of influenza vaccination, and patient's opinion about COVID-19 severity did not predict vaccine resistance. However, patients who thought the vaccine may interfere with treatment efficacy or cancer outcome were more likely to refuse the vaccine. Patients who disagreed that the vaccine is a major weapon against the pandemic or could reduce virus transmission were also more likely to reject vaccination. Safety concerns and confidence in authorities were also significant predictive factors.

SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

First and second COVID-19 waves in Brazil: A cross-sectional study of patients' characteristics related to hospitalization and in-hospital mortality

Felipe Andre Zeiser, Bruna Donida, Cristiano Andre da Costa, Gabriel de Oliveira Ramos, Juliana Nichterwitz Scherer, Nemora Tregnago Barcellos, Ana Paula Alegretti, Maria Leticia Rodrigues Ikeda, Ana Paula Wernz C. Muller, Henrique C. Bohn, Ismael Santos, Luiza Boni, Rodolfo Stoffel Antunes, Rodrigo da Rosa Righi, Sandro Jose Rigo

Summary: The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil was more severe than in other countries. This study analyzed the characteristics of hospitalized patients and the health system in Brazil during the first and second waves. The results showed that the in-hospital mortality rate increased in the second wave, with higher rates in the northern and northeastern states. Racial differences were observed in clinical outcomes, and younger age groups had significant differences in mortality.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS (2022)

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Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Implementability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a conceptual framework

Marlena Klaic, Suzanne Kapp, Peter Hudson, Wendy Chapman, Linda Denehy, David Story, Jill J. Francis

Summary: Implementation research is crucial in translating evidence into practice. The study aims to develop a testable conceptual framework of implementability for healthcare interventions by exploring concepts like acceptability, fidelity, feasibility, scalability, and sustainability.

IMPLEMENTATION SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Tinnitus prevalence in Europe: a multi-country cross-sectional population study

R. Biswas, A. Lugo, M. A. Akeroyd, W. Schlee, S. Gallus, D. A. Hall

Summary: This study presents the first multinational report on the prevalence of tinnitus in Europe using standardized questions. The overall prevalence estimates indicate that more than 1 in 7 adults in the EU have tinnitus, with significant variability across countries.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Trends and the course of liver cirrhosis and its complications in Germany: Nationwide population-based study (2005 to 2018)

Wenyi Gu, Hannah Hortlik, Hans-Peter Erasmus, Louisa Schaaf, Yasmin Zeleke, Frank E. Uschner, Philip Ferstl, Martin Schulz, Kai-Henrik Peiffer, Alexander Queck, Tilman Sauerbruch, Maximilian Joseph Brol, Gernot Rohde, Cristina Sanchez, Richard Moreau, Vicente Arroyo, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Welsch, Jonel Trebicka

Summary: The number of patients with cirrhosis and the in-hospital mortality rate associated with cirrhosis have been increasing in Germany in recent years. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic cirrhosis are the two common etiologies, and ascites is the most common complication.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Factors explaining the fear of being infected with COVID-19

Arcadio A. Cerda, Leidy Y. Garcia

Summary: The study conducted in Chile found that fear of contracting COVID-19 was mainly prevalent in women, and it was positively associated with variables such as chronic illnesses, infectious family members, decreased economic activity, and perception of poor government response. Conversely, knowledge about COVID-19, education level, and aging were negatively correlated with fear. Those who prioritize health care over socioeconomic impact were less likely to fear COVID-19 infection.

HEALTH EXPECTATIONS (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

A comparison of 2020 health policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom and the United States of America

Lynn Unruh, Sara Allin, Greg Marchildon, Sara Burke, Sarah Barry, Rikke Siersbaek, Steve Thomas, Selina Rajan, Andriy Koval, Mathew Alexander, Sherry Merkur, Erin Webb, Gemma A. Williams

Summary: This paper compares health policy responses to COVID-19 in Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom and United States of America (US) from January to November 2020, highlighting the common challenges faced by these countries and the differences in their responses due to variations in health system organization and financing, political leadership, and governance structures. Lack of universal health coverage and political pushback against scientific leadership were identified as barriers in the US.

HEALTH POLICY (2022)

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Review Health Care Sciences & Services

U-Net-Based Medical Image Segmentation

Xiao-Xia Yin, Le Sun, Yuhan Fu, Ruiliang Lu, Yanchun Zhang

Summary: This paper summarizes the characteristics and classifications of medical image segmentation technologies based on U-Net structure variants, introduces commonly used loss functions, evaluation parameters, and modules; it is of great significance for obtaining accurate segmentation results and improving segmentation performance.

JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Influence of age on the effectiveness and duration of protection of Vaxzevria and CoronaVac vaccines: A population-based study

Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Vinicius de Araujo Oliveira, Viviane S. Boaventura, Julia M. Pescarini, Juracy Bertoldo Junior, Tales Mota Machado, Renzo Flores-Ortiz, Gerson O. Penna, Maria Yury Ichihara, Jacson Venancio de Barros, Mauricio L. Barreto, Guilherme Loureiro Werneck, Manoel Barral-Netto

Summary: This study analyzes the impact of age on the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and finds that vaccine effectiveness decreases with increasing age. Although both vaccines provide some level of protection against infection, hospitalization, and death, they are more effective in individuals under 79 years of age.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Telehealth during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Rapid expansion of telehealth outpatient use during a pandemic is possible if the programme is previously established

Thomas Schulz, Karrie Long, Kudzai Kanhutu, Ilana Bayrak, Douglas Johnson, Timothy Fazio

Summary: COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the use of telehealth for outpatient care, resulting in accelerated adoption of new healthcare delivery models. Analysis of data and surveys show that telehealth has been highly effective and comparable to in-person appointments during the pandemic.

JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE (2022)

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Review Health Care Sciences & Services

The role of poverty and racial discrimination in exacerbating the health consequences of COVID-19

Zachary Parolin, Emma K. Lee

Summary: Based on recent evidence, higher levels of poverty in the United States compared to other high-income countries, as well as historic and ongoing racial/ethnic discrimination, have worsened the health consequences of COVID-19, particularly for racial/ethnic minorities.

LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Deploying digital health tools within large, complex health systems: key considerations for adoption and implementation

Jayson S. Marwaha, Adam B. Landman, Gabriel A. Brat, Todd Dunn, William J. Gordon

Summary: The adoption and implementation of digital health tools in large, complex health systems is a challenge. This article proposes nine dimensions for evaluating clinically validated digital health tools and suggests strategies for selecting and planning implementation in this setting.

NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Health Care Sciences & Services

Telemedicine in orthopaedics and its potential applications during COVID-19 and beyond: A systematic review

Zakir Haider, Bashaar Aweid, Padmanabhan Subramanian, Farhad Iranpour

Summary: This systematic review explores the advantages, validity, effectiveness, and utilization of telemedicine in orthopaedics. The findings suggest that telemedicine can be safe, cost effective, valid in clinical assessment, and lead to high patient/clinician satisfaction. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to elucidate long-term outcomes.

JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE (2022)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Revisiting the Time Needed to Provide Adult Primary Care

Justin Porter, Cynthia Boyd, M. Reza Skandari, Neda Laiteerapong

Summary: This study aims to quantify the time needed for preventive, chronic disease, and acute care for adult patients in the US. The results indicate that primary care providers often do not have enough time to provide guideline-recommended care, but a team-based care model can significantly reduce the time requirements.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

A multi-stakeholder approach is needed to reduce the digital divide and encourage equitable access to telehealth

Victor M. Gallegos-Rejas, Emma E. Thomas, Jaimon T. Kelly, Anthony C. Smith

Summary: Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there has been a significant increase in the use of telehealth worldwide. However, certain populations, such as those living in lower socioeconomic areas, culturally and linguistically diverse communities, people with disabilities, and those with low health literacy, are less likely to access telehealth services. This article proposes practical steps to reduce the digital divide and improve equitable access to telehealth, including improving digital health literacy, training healthcare workers in telehealth, co-designing new models of telehealth-enabled care, advocating for culturally appropriate services, and establishing sustainable funding models.

JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE (2023)

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