Gastroenterology & Hepatology

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody responses in immunosuppressed patients with inflammatory bowel disease (VIP): a multicentre, prospective, case-control study

James L. Alexander, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Hajir Ibraheim, Sulak Anandabaskaran, Aamir Saifuddin, Rocio Castro Seoane, Zhigang Liu, Rachel Nice, Claire Bewshea, Andrea D'Mello, Laura Constable, Gareth R. Jones, Sharmili Balarajah, Francesca Fiorentino, Shaji Sebastian, Peter M. Irving, Lucy C. Hicks, Horace R. T. Williams, Alexandra J. Kent, Rachel Linger, Miles Parkes, Klaartje Kok, Kamal Patel, Julian P. Teare, Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton, James R. Goodhand, Ailsa L. Hart, Charlie W. Lees, Tariq Ahmad, Nick Powell

Summary: The study found that the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines varies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) depending on the immunosuppressive drugs they are on. Patients treated with infliximab, infliximab plus thiopurines, and tofacitinib had lower antibody concentrations, while there were no significant differences in patients treated with thiopurines, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab compared to healthy controls.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus: An Updated ACG Guideline

Nicholas J. Shaheen, Gary W. Falk, Prasad G. Iyer, Rhonda F. Souza, Rena H. Yadlapati, Bryan G. Sauer, Sachin Wani

Summary: Barrett's esophagus is a common condition associated with chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and is a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The revised guidelines propose recommendations for the definition, diagnosis, screening, surveillance, and treatment of Barrett's esophagus, including important changes such as expanding acceptable screening methods and volume criteria for treatment centers.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

SARS-CoV2-specific Humoral and T-cell Immune Response After Second Vaccination in Liver Cirrhosis and Transplant Patients

Darius F. Ruether, Golda M. Schaub, Paul M. Duengelhoef, Friedrich Haag, Thomas T. Brehm, Anahita Fathi, Malte Wehmeyer, Jacqueline Jahnke-Triankowski, Leonie Mayer, Armin Hoffmann, Lutz Fischer, Marylyn M. Addo, Marc Lutgehetmann, Ansgar W. Lohse, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Martina Sterneck

Summary: Detailed information on the immune response after second vaccination of cirrhotic patients and liver transplant recipients against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is largely missing. We aimed at comparing the vaccine-induced humoral and T-cell responses of these vulnerable patient groups. After the second vaccination, seroconversion was achieved in 63% of LT recipients and 100% of cirrhotic patients and controls using the anti-S trimer assay. Spike-specific T-cell response rates were 36.6%, 65.4%, and 100% in LT, cirrhosis, and controls, respectively.

CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction

Agustin Albillos, Rosa Martin-Mateos, Schalk van der Merwe, Reiner Wiest, Rajiv Jalan, Melchor Alvarez-Mon

Summary: CAID is a spectrum of immune alterations associated with end-stage liver disease, including systemic inflammation and immune deficiency. The severity of CAID progresses parallel with cirrhosis stage, involving low-grade and high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotypes. Therapies targeting modulation of this dysfunctional immune response are currently under evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2021 (6th edition)

Eishi Baba, Masanori Terashima, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro

Summary: The sixth edition of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines incorporates new evidence and provides comprehensive descriptions and recommendations for surgery, endoscopic resection, and chemotherapy. It also identifies research areas that require further evaluation to improve recommendations.

GASTRIC CANCER (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immunotherapy - development and validation of the CRAFITY score

Bernhard Scheiner, Katharina Pomej, Martha M. Kirstein, Florian Hucke, Fabian Finkelmeier, Oliver Waidmann, Vera Himmelsbach, Kornelius Schulze, Johann von Felden, Thorben W. Frundt, Marc Stadler, Harald Heinzl, Kateryna Shmanko, Stephan Spahn, Pompilia Radu, Alexander R. Siebenhuener, Joachim C. Mertens, Nuh N. Rahbari, Fabian Kuetting, Dirk-Thomas Waldschmidt, Matthias P. Ebert, Andreas Teufel, Sara De Dosso, David J. Pinato, Tiziana Pressiani, Tobias Meischl, Lorenz Balcar, Christian Mueller, Mattias Mandorfer, Thomas Reiberger, Michael Trauner, Nicola Personeni, Lorenza Rimassa, Michael Bitzer, Joerg Trojan, Arndt Weinmann, Henning Wege, Jean-Francois Dufour, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Arndt Vogel, Matthias Pinter

Summary: The CRAFITY score is associated with survival and radiological response in patients receiving PD-(L)1 immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma

Ann-Lii Cheng, Shukui Qin, Masafumi Ikeda, Peter R. Galle, Michel Ducreux, Tae-You Kim, Ho Yeong Lim, Masatoshi Kudo, Valeriy Breder, Philippe Merle, Ahmed O. Kaseb, Daneng Li, Wendy Verret, Ning Ma, Alan Nicholas, Yifan Wang, Lindong Li, Andrew X. Zhu, Richard S. Finn

Summary: The study demonstrated that atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma patients led to improved survival outcomes. After updated analysis, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab maintained its position as the first-line treatment option for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Efficacy of a low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Christopher J. Black, Heidi M. Staudacher, Alexander C. Ford

Summary: A low FODMAP diet is highly effective in treating IBS, showing significant improvement in global IBS symptoms and individual symptoms, particularly in reducing abdominal pain and bloating.

GUT (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Prolonged Impairment of Short-Chain Fatty Acid and L-Isoleucine Biosynthesis in Gut Microbiome in Patients With COVID-19

Fen Zhang, Mating Wan, Tao Zuo, Yun Kit Yeoh, Qin Liu, Lin Zhang, Hui Zhan, Wenqi Lu, Wenye Xu, Grace C. Y. Lui, Amy Y. L. Li, Chun Pan Cheung, Chun Kwok Wong, Paul K. S. Chan, Francis K. L. Chan, Siew C. Ng

Summary: Patients with COVID-19 displayed impaired capacity for SCFA and L-isoleucine biosynthesis in their gut microbiome, even after disease resolution. These microbial dysfunctions were associated with host immune response, highlighting the importance of gut microbial functions in the pathogenesis and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline

Schalk W. van der Merwe, Roy L. J. van Wanrooij, Michiel Bronswijk, Simon Everett, Sundeep Lakhtakia, Mihai Rimbas, Tomas Hucl, Rastislav Kunda, Abdenor Badaoui, Ryan Law, Paolo G. Arcidiacono, Alberto Larghi, Marc Giovannini, Mouen A. Khashab, Kenneth F. Binmoeller, Marc Barthet, Manuel Perez-Miranda, Jeanin E. van Hooft

Summary: ESGE recommends various endoscopic ultrasound-guided interventions for different biliary, pancreatic, gastric, and gallbladder diseases with different levels of evidence quality, highlighting the strong recommendation for EUS-GBD in high surgical risk patients due to its lower rates of adverse events and need for re-interventions.

ENDOSCOPY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Perioperative nivolumab monotherapy versus nivolumab plus ipilimumab in resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial

Ahmed Omar Kaseb, Elshad Hasanov, Hop Sanderson Tran Cao, Lianchun Xiao, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Sunyoung S. Lee, Betul Gok Yavuz, Yehia Mohamed, Aliya Qayyum, Sonali Jindai, Fei Duan, Sreyashi Basu, Shafini S. Yadav, Courtney Nicholas, Jing Jing Sun, Kanwat Pratap Singh Raghav, Asif Rashid, Kristen Carter, Yun Shin Chun, Ching-Wei David Tzeng, Divya Sakamuri, Li Xu, Ryan Sun, Vittorio Cristini, Laura Beretta, James C. Yao, Robert A. Wolff, James Patrick Allison, Padmanee Sharma

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of perioperative immunotherapy in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings suggest that nivolumab alone or in combination with ipilimumab is safe and feasible in this patient population, supporting further studies of immunotherapy in the perioperative setting for hepatocellular carcinoma.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature

Mary E. Rinella, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Vlad Ratziu, Sven M. Francque, Arun J. Sanyal, Fasiha Kanwal, Diana Romero, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Quentin M. Anstee, Juan Pablo Arab, Marco Arrese, Ramon Bataller, Ulrich Beuers, Jerome Boursier, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Christopher D. Byrne, Graciela E. Castro Narro, Abhijit Chowdhury, Helena Cortez-Pinto, Donna R. Cryer, Kenneth Cusi, Mohamed El-Kassas, Samuel Klein, Wayne Eskridge, Jiangao Fan, Samer Gawrieh, Cynthia D. Guy, Stephen A. Harrison, Seung Up Kim, Bart G. Koot, Marko Korenjak, Kris V. Kowdley, Florence Lacaille, Rohit Loomba, Robert Mitchell-Thain, Timothy R. Morgan, Elisabeth E. Powell, Michael Roden, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Marcelo Silva, Shivaram Prasad Singh, Silvia C. Sookoian, C. Wendy Spearman, Dina Tiniakos, Luca Valenti, Miriam B. Vos, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Stavra Xanthakos, Yusuf Yilmaz, Zobair Younossi, Ansley Hobbs, Marcela Villota-Rivas, Philip N. Newsome

Summary: This study aimed to determine if there was a need to change the nomenclature and definition of NAFLD and NASH. Through a Delphi process involving content experts and patient advocates, a consensus was reached to replace NAFLD with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MetALD) and modify the diagnostic criteria. The new nomenclature and criteria are widely supported, nonstigmatizing, and can improve awareness and patient identification.

HEPATOLOGY (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiota modulates COPD pathogenesis: role of anti-inflammatory Parabacteroides goldsteinii lipopolysaccharide

Hsin-Chih Lai, Tzu-Lung Lin, Ting-Wen Chen, Yu-Lun Kuo, Chih-Jung Chang, Tsung-Ru Wu, Ching-Chung Shu, Ying-Huang Tsai, Simon Swift, Chia-Chen Lu

Summary: The study found that gut microbiota composition significantly affects cigarette smoking-induced COPD development, and fecal microbiota transplantation can restore COPD pathogenesis. A beneficial bacterium Parabacteroides goldsteinii was isolated and shown to ameliorate COPD, with its derived active component having anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorating COPD through inhibition of lung inflammation and regulation of host metabolism.

GUT (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Lyophilised oral faecal microbiota transplantation for ulcerative colitis (LOTUS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Craig Haifer, Sudarshan Paramsothy, Nadeem O. Kaakoush, Aiasha Saikal, Simon Ghaly, Tao Yang, Laurence Don Wai Luu, Thomas J. Borody, Rupert W. Leong

Summary: Oral administration of lyophilised FMT may be effective in treating active ulcerative colitis, demonstrating clinical, endoscopic, and histological efficacy with good tolerability during maintenance therapy.

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Immune mechanisms linking metabolic injury to inflammation and fibrosis in fatty liver disease - novel insights into cellular communication circuits

Moritz Peiseler, Robert F. Schwabe, Jochen Hampe, Paul Kubes, Mathias Heikenwaelder, Frank Tacke

Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, and the immune system plays a significant role in different stages of NAFLD, with multiple inflammatory mechanisms involved. Recent research advancements have improved our understanding of the complex heterogeneity of liver immune cell subsets.

JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Integrated analysis of the faecal metagenome and serum metabolome reveals the role of gut microbiome-associated metabolites in the detection of colorectal cancer and adenoma

Feng Chen, Xudong Dai, Chang-Chun Zhou, Ke-Xin Li, Yu-Juan Zhang, Xiao-Ying Lou, Yuan-Min Zhu, Yan-Lai Sun, Bao-Xiang Peng, Wei Cui

Summary: By integrating untargeted serum metabolomics and metagenome sequencing, this study identified 8 gut microbiome-associated serum metabolites that accurately distinguished CRC and adenoma. The model based on these metabolites showed high diagnostic accuracy for CRC and adenoma, outperforming traditional clinical markers like carcinoembryonic antigen. This suggests that gut microbiome-associated metabolites have potential applications in detecting CRC and adenoma.

GUT (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Pancreatic Cancer: Pathogenesis, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Laura D. Wood, Marcia Irene Canto, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Diane M. Simeone

Summary: This review discusses the pathogenesis, early detection methods, and treatment considerations of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent advances in understanding PDAC have led to significant improvements in detection and treatment, but coordinated efforts are needed to maximize clinical impact for patients and overall survival.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Letter Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Severe acute hepatitis in children: investigate SARS-CoV-2 superantigens

Petter Brodin, Moshe Arditi

LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury: a new understanding of the role of innate immunity

Hirofumi Hirao, Kojiro Nakamura, Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski

Summary: The authors of this Review examine the roles of macrophages, platelets, and neutrophils in liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI), discussing potential therapeutic strategies for treating LIRI in transplant recipients. They highlight the unanswered questions in understanding the mechanisms underlying the responses of these cells in the acute phase of LIRI, and discuss prospects for innovative therapeutic regimens against LIRI in transplant recipients.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatitis B virus integrations promote local and distant oncogenic driver alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma

Camille Peneau, Sandrine Imbeaud, Tiziana La Bella, Theo Z. Hirsch, Stefano Caruso, Julien Calderaro, Valerie Paradis, Jean-Frederic Blanc, Eric Letouze, Jean-Charles Nault, Giuliana Amaddeo, Jessica Zucman-Rossi

Summary: This study aimed to characterize HBV integrations in liver tissues of HCC patients and revealed new mechanisms of HBV-associated oncogenesis. HBV integrations have direct oncogenic consequences, posing a challenge for the monitoring of HBV-infected patients.

GUT (2022)

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