Critical Care Medicine

Article Critical Care Medicine

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in never-smokers: risk factors, pathogenesis, and implications for prevention and treatment

Ian A. Yang, Christine R. Jenkins, Sundeep S. Salvi

Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only caused by smoking, but also related to non-smoking factors such as air pollution and occupational exposure. COPD in never-smokers has milder symptoms but frequent exacerbations.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Serum ferritin as a predictive biomarker in COVID-19. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis

Karanvir Kaushal, Hardeep Kaur, Phulen Sarma, Anusuya Bhattacharyya, Dibya Jyoti Sharma, Manisha Prajapat, Mona Pathak, Ashish Kothari, Subodh Kumar, Satyavati Rana, Manpreet Kaur, Ajay Prakash, Anissa Atif Mirza, Prasan Kumar Panda, S. Vivekanandan, Balram Ji Omar, Bikash Medhi, Manisha Naithani

Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis on the serum ferritin levels of COVID-19 patients at different severity levels, finding that higher severity corresponds to higher ferritin levels. Patients requiring ICU and mechanical ventilation also showed elevated ferritin levels. Serum ferritin level may serve as an important biomarker in the management of COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Shape-Sensing Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Parenchymal Lesions

Or Kalchiem-Dekel, James G. Connolly, I-Hsin Lin, Bryan C. Husta, Prasad S. Adusumilli, Jason A. Beattie, Darren J. Buonocore, Joseph Dycoco, Paige Fuentes, David R. Jones, Robert P. Lee, Bernard J. Park, Gaetano Rocco, Mohit Chawla, Matthew J. Bott

Summary: This study provides comprehensive evidence on the feasibility and diagnostic yield of shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) in sampling pulmonary parenchymal lesions. ssRAB represents a significant advancement in accessing and sampling challenging lesions, while maintaining a high level of safety. Lesion size appears to be a major predictor for diagnostic procedures.
Article Critical Care Medicine

Can artificial intelligence help for scientific writing?

Michele Salvagno, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Alberto Giovanni Gerli

Summary: This paper discusses the use of Artificial Intelligence Chatbot in scientific writing, with a focus on ChatGPT, a chatbot developed by OpenAI. ChatGPT utilizes the GPT language model to understand and respond to natural language inputs. AI chatbots, including ChatGPT, are valuable tools in scientific writing, assisting researchers in material organization, draft generation, and proofreading. However, ethical concerns regarding plagiarism, accuracy, and accessibility imbalances need to be addressed, and a consensus on regulating the use of chatbots in scientific writing is necessary.

CRITICAL CARE (2023)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Bleeding and thrombotic events in adults supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an ELSO registry analysis

Jose Nunez, Andre F. Gosling, Brian O'Gara, Kevin F. Kennedy, Peter Rycus, Darryl Abrams, Daniel Brodie, Shahzad Shaefi, A. Reshad Garan, E. Wilson Grandin

Summary: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, mortality association, and risk factors for bleeding and thrombosis events among adults supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Bleeding and thrombotic events are common during VV-ECMO and have a strong, cumulative association with in-hospital mortality. While thrombotic events are more frequent, bleeding carries a higher risk of inpatient mortality. Differential risk factors for bleeding and thrombotic complications exist, suggesting the possibility of a tailored approach to VV-ECMO management.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2022)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults: evidence and implications

Darryl Abrams, Graeme MacLaren, Roberto Lorusso, Susanna Price, Demetris Yannopoulos, Leen Vercaemst, Jan Belohlavek, Fabio S. Taccone, Nadia Aissaoui, Kiran Shekar, A. Reshad Garan, Nir Uriel, Joseph E. Tonna, Jae Seung Jung, Koji Takeda, Yih-Sharng Chen, Arthur S. Slutsky, Alain Combes, Daniel Brodie

Summary: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is emerging as a promising modality to improve survival rates for both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but its implementation requires significant resources and may burden healthcare systems, clinicians, patients, and families. Studies show that ECPR is beneficial for in-hospital cardiac arrest, and recent randomized controlled trials also suggest its feasibility for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Baricitinib versus dexamethasone for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (ACTT-4): a randomised, double-blind, double placebo-controlled trial

Cameron R. Wolfe, Kay M. Tomashek, Thomas F. Patterson, Carlos A. Gomez, Vincent C. Marconi, Mamta K. Jain, Otto O. Yang, Catharine Paules, Guillermo M. Ruiz Palacios, Robert Grossberg, Michelle S. Harkins, Richard A. Mularski, Nathaniel Erdmann, Uriel Sandkovsky, Eyad Almasri, Justino Regalado Pineda, Alexandra W. Dretler, Diego Lopez de Castilla, Angela R. Branche, Pauline K. Park, Aneesh K. Mehta, William R. Short, Susan L. F. McLellan, Susan Kline, Nicole M. Iovine, Hana M. El Sahly, Sarah B. Doernberg, Myoung-don Oh, Nikhil Huprikar, Elizabeth Hohmann, Colleen F. Kelley, Mark Holodniy, Eu Suk Kim, Daniel A. Sweeney, Robert W. Finberg, Kevin A. Grimes, Ryan C. Maves, Emily R. Ko, John J. Engemann, Barbara S. Taylor, Philip O. Ponce, LuAnn Larson, Dante Paolo Melendez, Allan M. Seibert, Nadine G. Rouphael, Joslyn Strebe, Jesse L. Clark, Kathleen G. Julian, Alfredo Ponce de Leon, Anabela Cardoso, Stephanie de Bono, Robert L. Atmar, Anuradha Ganesan, Jennifer L. Ferreira, Michelle Green, Mat Makowski, Tyler Bonnett, Tatiana Beresnev, Varduhi Ghazaryan, Walla Dempsey, Seema U. Nayak, Lori E. Dodd, John H. Beigel, Andre C. Kalil

Summary: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen by low-flow, high-flow, or non-invasive ventilation, baricitinib plus remdesivir and dexamethasone plus remdesivir resulted in similar mechanical ventilation-free survival by day 29, but dexamethasone was associated with significantly more adverse events, treatment-related adverse events, and severe or life-threatening adverse events.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: understanding the contributions of gene-environment interactions across the lifespan

Alva Agusti, Erik Melen, Dawn L. DeMeo, Robab Breyer-Kohansal, Rosa Faner

Summary: Recent research findings challenge the traditional view of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as solely caused by smoking in genetically susceptible individuals. Instead, COPD is now understood as the potential end result of gene-environment interactions accumulated over an individual's lifetime. Future research should aim to understand the dynamic interactions between genes and the environment by integrating information from basic and clinical omics with exposures over time. Additionally, COPD should be viewed as a clinical syndrome rather than a single disease.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Advancing precision medicine for acute respiratory distress syndrome

Jeremy R. Beitler, B. Taylor Thompson, Rebecca M. Baron, Julie A. Bastarache, Loren C. Denlinger, Laura Esserman, Michelle N. Gong, Lisa M. LaVange, Roger J. Lewis, John C. Marshall, Thomas R. Martin, Daniel F. McAuley, Nuala J. Meyer, Marc Moss, Lora A. Reineck, Eileen Rubin, Eric P. Schmidt, Theodore J. Standiford, Lorraine B. Ware, Hector R. Wong, Neil R. Aggarwal, Carolyn S. Calfee

Summary: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome. Precision medicine approach seeks to better match therapies to subgroups of patients in order to account for heterogeneity in ARDS.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Oral corticosteroid elimination via a personalised reduction algorithm in adults with severe, eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (PONENTE): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm study

Andrew Menzies-Gow, Mark Gurnell, Liam G. Heaney, Jonathan Corren, Elisabeth H. Bel, Jorge Maspero, Timothy Harrison, David J. Jackson, David Price, Njira Lugogo, James Kreindler, Annie Burden, Alex De Giorgio-Miller, Kelly Padilla, Ubaldo J. Martin, Esther Garcia Gil

Summary: This study evaluated the impact of reducing oral corticosteroids after initiating benralizumab treatment on patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. The study found that with a personalized dosage reduction algorithm, most patients were able to successfully reduce or eliminate the use of oral corticosteroids, and the treatment was safe.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) co-administered with seasonal influenza vaccines: an exploratory substudy of a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial

Seth Toback, Eva Galiza, Catherine Cosgrove, James Galloway, Anna L. Goodman, Pauline A. Swift, Sankarasubramanian Rajaram, Alison Graves-Jones, Jonathan Edelman, Fiona Burns, Angela M. Minassian, Iksung Cho, Lakshmi Kumar, Joyce S. Plested, E. Joy Rivers, Andreana Robertson, Filip Dubovsky, Greg Glenn, Paul T. Heath

Summary: This study reports the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy profile of COVID-19 vaccines when administered concomitantly with seasonal influenza vaccines. The results suggest that simultaneous vaccination might be a viable immunization strategy.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

The intersecting pandemics of tuberculosis and COVID-19: population-level and patient-level impact, clinical presentation, and corrective interventions

Keertan Dheda, Tahlia Perumal, Harry Moultrie, Rubeshan Perumal, Aliasgar Esmail, Alex J. Scott, Zarir Udwadia, Kwok Chiu Chang, Jonathan Peter, Anil Pooran, Arne von Delft, Dalene von Delft, Neil Martinson, Marian Loveday, Salome Charalambous, Elizabeth Kachingwe, Waasila Jassat, Cheryl Cohen, Stefano Tempia, Kevin Fennelly, Madhukar Pai

Summary: The global burden of tuberculosis remains high, but the COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental effect on tuberculosis control. This article explores the intersection between tuberculosis and COVID-19, discusses the impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis detection, morbidity, and mortality at both population and patient levels, proposes strategies to mitigate the effects of COVID-19, and highlights research priorities and challenges in restoring the global response to tuberculosis.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Criteria and definitions for the radiological and clinical diagnosis of bronchiectasis in adults for use in clinical trials: international consensus recommendations

Stefano Aliberti, Pieter C. Goeminne, Anne E. O'Donnell, Timothy R. Aksamit, Hamdan Al-Jahdali, Alan F. Barker, Francesco Blasi, Wim G. Boersma, Megan L. Crichton, Anthony De Soyza, Katerina E. Dimakou, Stuart J. Elborn, Charles Feldman, Harm Tiddens, Charles S. Haworth, Adam T. Hill, Michael R. Loebinger, Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia, Jennifer J. Meerburg, Rosario Menendez, Lucy C. Morgan, Marlene S. Murris, Eva Polverino, Felix C. Ringshausen, Michal Shteinberg, Nicola Sverzellati, Gregory Tino, Antoni Torres, Thomas Vandendriessche, Montserrat Vendrell, Tobias Welte, Robert Wilson, Conroy A. Wong, James D. Chalmers

Summary: Bronchiectasis is a complex disease with multiple causes and diverse manifestations. Lack of standardized definitions has hindered clinical trials and poses challenges in clinical practice. In order to address these issues and improve patient recruitment and treatment comparisons, an international taskforce developed recommendations and definitions for clinically significant bronchiectasis. These proposals cover the radiological diagnosis of bronchiectasis and suggest guidelines for the use of chest CT scans in clinical trials. The taskforce also provided consensus statements on the definitions of clinical bronchiectasis, specific signs and symptoms, chronic bacterial infection, and sustained culture conversion. These recommendations aim to optimize the diagnosis and management of bronchiectasis and provide a foundation for future research.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Rivaroxaban vs Dalteparin in Cancer-Associated Thromboembolism A Randomized Trial

Benjamin Planquette, Laurent Bertoletti, Anais Charles-Nelson, Silvy Laporte, Claire Grange, Isabelle Mahe, Gilles Pernod, Antoine Elias, Francis Couturaud, Nicolas Falvo, Marie Antoinette Sevestre, Valerie Ray, Alexis Burnod, Nicolas Brebion, Pierre-Marie Roy, Miruna Timar-David, Sandro Aquilanti, Joel Constans, Alessandra Bura-Riviere, Dominique Brisot, Gilles Chatellier, Olivier Sanchez, Guy Meyer, Philippe Girard, Patrick Mismetti

Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and dalteparin in the treatment of cancer-associated VTE. The results showed that the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and dalteparin were consistent with those previously reported with DOACs.
Article Critical Care Medicine

Bevacizumab plus erlotinib versus erlotinib alone in Japanese patients with advanced, metastatic, EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NEJ026): overall survival analysis of an open-label, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial

Yosuke Kawashima, Tatsuro Fukuhara, Haruhiro Saito, Naoki Furuya, Kana Watanabe, Shunichi Sugawara, Shunichiro Iwasawa, Yoshio Tsunezuka, Ou Yamaguchi, Morihito Okada, Kozo Yoshimori, Ichiro Nakachi, Masahiro Seike, Koichi Azuma, Futoshi Kurimoto, Yukari Tsubata, Yuka Fujita, Hiromi Nagashima, Gyo Asai, Satoshi Watanabe, Masaki Miyazaki, Koichi Hagiwara, Toshihiro Nukiwa, Satoshi Morita, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Makoto Maemondo

Summary: The combination treatment of bevacizumab and erlotinib did not prolong overall survival in patients with metastatic EGFR-mutant NSCLC, but both treatment groups showed relatively long survival durations.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Effects of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor Therapy on CFTR Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and One or Two F508del Alleles

Simon Y. Graeber, Constanze Vitzthum, Sophia T. Pallenberg, Lutz Naehrlich, Mirjam Stahl, Alexander Rohrbach, Marika Drescher, Rebecca Minso, Felix C. Ringshausen, Claudia Rueckes-Nilges, Jan Klajda, Julian Berges, Yin Yu, Heike Scheuermann, Stephanie Hirtz, Olaf Sommerburg, Anna-Maria Dittrich, Burkhard Tuemmler, Marcus A. Mall

Summary: Treatment with ELX/TEZ/IVA leads to effective improvement of CFTR function in airway and intestinal epithelia in patients with CF and one or two F508del alleles.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Dexamethasone 12 mg versus 6 mg for patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia: a pre-planned, secondary Bayesian analysis of the COVID STEROID 2 trial

Anders Granholm, Marie Warrer Munch, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Maria Cronhjort, Rebecka Rubenson Wahlin, Stephan M. Jakob, Luca Cioccari, Maj-Brit Norregaard Kjaer, Gitte Kingo Vesterlund, Tine Sylvest Meyhoff, Marie Helleberg, Morten Hylander Moller, Thomas Benfield, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Naomi E. Hammond, Sharon Micallef, Abhinav Bassi, Oommen John, Vivekanand Jha, Klaus Tjelle Kristiansen, Charlotte Suppli Ulrik, Vibeke Lind Jorgensen, Margit Smitt, Morten H. Bestle, Anne Sofie Andreasen, Lone Musaeus Poulsen, Bodil Steen Rasmussen, Anne Craveiro Brochner, Thomas Strom, Anders Moller, Mohd Saif Khan, Ajay Padmanaban, Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia, Sanjith Saseedharan, Kapil Borawake, Farhad Kapadia, Subhal Dixit, Rajesh Chawla, Urvi Shukla, Pravin Amin, Michelle S. Chew, Christian Aage Wamberg, Christian Gluud, Theis Lange, Anders Perner

Summary: The study showed that in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia, daily use of dexamethasone 12 mg compared to 6 mg had high probabilities of benefit and low probabilities of clinically important harm in all outcomes up to 90 days.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

Validation and utility of ARDS subphenotypes identified by machine-learning models using clinical data: an observational, multicohort, retrospective analysis

Manoj Maddali, Matthew Churpek, Tai Pham, Emanuele Rezoagli, Hanjing Zhuo, Wendi Zhao, June He, Kevin L. Delucchi, Chunxue Wang, Nancy Wickersham, J. Brennan McNeil, Alejandra Jauregui, Serena Ke, Kathryn Vessel, Antonio Gomez, Carolyn M. Hendrickson, Kirsten N. Kangelaris, Aartik Sarma, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Kathleen D. Liu, Michael A. Matthay, Lorraine B. Ware, John G. Laffey, Giacomo Bellani, Carolyn S. Calfee, Pratik Sinha

Summary: Clinical classifier models based on machine learning can accurately assign ARDS subphenotypes, providing valuable prognostic information for patients and potentially guiding personalized treatment strategies in clinical practice.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Review Critical Care Medicine

Awake prone positioning for non-intubated patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Jie Li, Jian Luo, Ivan Pavlov, Yonatan Perez, Wei Tan, Oriol Roca, Elsa Tavernier, Aileen Kharat, Bairbre McNicholas, Miguel Ibarra-Estrada, David L. Vines, Nicholas A. Bosch, Garrett Rampon, Steven Q. Simpson, Allan J. Walkey, Michael Fralick, Amol Verma, Fahad Razak, Tim Harris, John G. Laffey, Claude Guerin, Stephan Ehrmann

Summary: Awake prone positioning can reduce the need for intubation in patients with COVID-19-related acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, particularly among those requiring advanced respiratory support or treated in the ICU.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

Article Critical Care Medicine

A core outcome set for post-COVID-19 condition in adults for use in clinical practice and research: an international Delphi consensus study

Daniel Munblit, Timothy Nicholson, Athena Akrami, Christian Apfelbacher, Jessica Chen, Wouter De Groote, Janet Diaz, Sarah L. Gorst, Nicola Harman, Alisa Kokorina, Piero Olliaro, Callum Parr, Jacobus Preller, Nicoline Schiess, Jochen Schmitt, Nina Seylanova, Frances Simpson, Allison Tong, Dale M. Needham, Paula R. Williamson

Summary: This international consensus study aims to identify the core outcomes of post-COVID-19 condition, providing a standardized assessment framework for clinical care and global research.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)