Clinical Neurology

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Article Clinical Neurology

2022 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

Joseph Gaugler, Bryan James, Tricia Johnson, Jessica Reimer, Michele Solis, Jennifer Weuve, Rachel F. Buckley, Timothy J. Hohman

Summary: This article discusses the impact of Alzheimer's disease on public health, including its incidence, prevalence, mortality and morbidity rates, healthcare costs and caregivers' burden. It also addresses the perspectives of consumers and primary care physicians on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the need for improved awareness, diagnosis, and treatment. The article emphasizes the increasing number of individuals living with Alzheimer's and the challenges faced by caregivers and healthcare providers, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Eric Robinson, Angelina R. Sutin, Michael Daly, Andrew Jones

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there was an overall increase in mental health symptoms observed, which declined over time and returned to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2020 among most population sub-groups and symptom types.

JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022

Valery L. Feigin, Michael Brainin, Bo Norrving, Sheila Martins, Ralph L. Sacco, Werner Hacke, Marc Fisher, Jeyaraj Pandian, Patrice Lindsay

Summary: Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It imposes a significant economic burden, particularly in lower-income and lower-middle-income countries. The provided information serves as an updated resource for communication with stakeholders.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Two Randomized Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab in Early Alzheimer's Disease

S. Budd Haeberlein, P. S. Aisen, F. Barkhof, S. Chalkias, T. Chen, S. Cohen, G. Dent, O. Hansson, K. Harrison, C. von Hehn, T. Iwatsubo, C. Mallinckrodt, C. J. Mummery, K. K. Muralidharan, I. Nestorov, L. Nisenbaum, R. Rajagovindan, L. Skordos, Y. Tian, C. H. van Dyck, B. Vellas, S. Wu, Y. Zhu, A. Sandrock

Summary: Aducanumab showed significant changes in early Alzheimer's disease patients in one trial, but did not meet primary or secondary endpoints in another study. Both trials demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent reduction in pathophysiological markers of Alzheimer's disease.

JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: towards clinical implementation

Charlotte E. Teunissen, Inge M. W. Verberk, Elisabeth H. Thijssen, Lisa Vermunt, Oskar Hansson, Henrik Zetterberg, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Michelle M. Mielke, Marta Del Campo

Summary: Recent research suggests that blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease may become a reality, with consistent results across different cohorts. Additionally, other blood-based biomarkers can provide information about disease progression and treatment effects.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Article Anesthesiology

Prevalence of chronic pain among adults in the United States

R. Jason Yong, Peter M. Mullins, Neil Bhattacharyya

Summary: Chronic pain is associated with reduced quality of life, increased medical expenditures, and significant economic costs. According to the latest data, more than one-fifth of adults in America experience chronic pain, indicating a need for increased attention and management.

PAIN (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Mid and long-term neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of post-COVID-19 syndrome: A meta-analysis

Lavienraj Premraj, Nivedha Kannapadi, Jack Briggs, Stella M. Seal, Denise Battaglini, Jonathon Fanning, Jacky Suen, Chiara Robba, John Fraser, Sung-Min Cho

Summary: Neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms that persist or develop three months after the onset of COVID-19 pose a significant threat to the global healthcare system. A systematic review analyzed data from multiple studies and found that fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and sleep disturbances were key features of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Psychiatric manifestations such as anxiety and depression were also common and increased in prevalence over time.

JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in 2 Phase 3 Studies Evaluating Aducanumab in Patients With Early Alzheimer Disease

Stephen Salloway, Spyros Chalkias, Frederik Barkhof, Patrick Burkett, Jerome Barakos, Derk Purcell, Joyce Suhy, Fiona Forrestal, Ying Tian, Kimberly Umans, Guanfang Wang, Priya Singhal, Samantha Budd Haeberlein, Karen Smirnakis

Summary: The EMERGE and ENGAGE phase 3 trials provided data on ARIA associated with aducanumab treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A high rate of ARIA was observed, with ARIA-edema being the most common adverse event. Some patients in the aducanumab group experienced associated symptoms, with headache being the most common.

JAMA NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline: 2022

Jeffrey Cummings, Garam Lee, Pouyan Nahed, Mina Esmail Zadeh Nojoo Kambar, Kate Zhong, Jorge Fonseca, Kazem Taghva

Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a global health crisis, and there are numerous clinical trials and drugs in development to treat and improve the symptoms and progression of the disease. The pipeline of drug development includes a diverse array of treatments, including disease-modifying therapies, cognitive enhancing treatments, and drugs for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Advances in drug design, outcome measures, biomarker use, and trial conduct show promise in accelerating the delivery of new and improved treatments for Alzheimer's disease patients.

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

2022 Guideline for the Management of Patients With Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association

Steven M. Greenberg, Wendy C. Ziai, Charlotte Cordonnier, Dar Dowlatshahi, Brandon Francis, Joshua N. Goldstein, J. Claude Hemphill, Ronda Johnson, Kiffon M. Keigher, William J. Mack, J. Mocco, Eileena J. Newton, Ilana M. Ruff, Lauren H. Sansing, Sam Schulman, Magdy H. Selim, Kevin N. Sheth, Nikola Sprigg, Katharina S. Sunnerhagen

STROKE (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Serum neurofilament light chain for individual prognostication of disease activity in people with multiple sclerosis: a retrospective modelling and validation study

Pascal Benkert, Stephanie Meier, Sabine Schaedelin, Ali Manouchehrinia, Ozgur Yaldizli, Aleksandra Maceski, Johanna Oechtering, Lutz Achtnichts, David Conen, Tobias Derfuss, Patrice H. Lalive, Christian Mueller, Stefanie Muller, Yvonne Naegelin, Jorge R. Oksenberg, Caroline Pot, Anke Salmen, Eline Willemse, Ingrid Kockum, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Claudio Gobbi, Ludwig Kappos, Heinz Wiendl, Klaus Berger, Maria Pia Sormani, Cristina Granziera, Fredrik Piehl, David Leppert, Jens Kuhle

Summary: sNfL is a biomarker of neuronal damage used in monitoring disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients. This study established a reference database to correct for age and BMI, showing sNfL's potential in identifying individuals at risk for future disease activity. The results suggest that sNfL Z scores could predict acute and chronic disease activity in multiple sclerosis patients, with higher Z scores indicating increased risk.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions

Nicola Specchio, Elaine C. Wirrell, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Rima Nabbout, Kate Riney, Pauline Samia, Marilisa Guerreiro, Sam Gwer, Sameer M. Zuberi, Jo M. Wilmshurst, Elissa Yozawitz, Ronit Pressler, Edouard Hirsch, Sam Wiebe, Helen J. Cross, Emilio Perucca, Solomon L. Moshe, Paolo Tinuper, Stephane Auvin

Summary: The 2017 International League Against Epilepsy classification defines a three-tier system for epilepsy syndromes, with childhood onset epilepsy syndromes falling into three categories: self-limited focal epilepsies, generalized epilepsies, and developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathies. Identification of specific syndromes helps guide management and prognosis. This paper describes these childhood onset epilepsy syndromes, highlighting their seizure types, EEG features, phenotypic variations, and key investigation findings.

EPILEPSIA (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

The global prevalence of headache: an update, with analysis of the influences of methodological factors on prevalence estimates

Lars Jacob Stovner, Knut Hagen, Mattias Linde, Timothy J. Steiner

Summary: This article summarizes the epidemiological studies of headache disorders globally, finding that headache disorders remain highly prevalent worldwide, and identifies methodological factors explaining the large variation between study findings. While migraine prevalence estimates increased over time, estimates for all headache types varied between world regions.

JOURNAL OF HEADACHE AND PAIN (2022)

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News Item Clinical Neurology

Aducanumab: Appropriate use recommendations

Jeffrey Cummings, Steve Salloway

ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

The Movement Disorder Society Criteria for the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy

Gregor K. Wenning, Iva Stankovic, Luca Vignatelli, Alessandra Fanciulli, Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura, Klaus Seppi, Jose-Alberto Palma, Wassilios G. Meissner, Florian Krismer, Daniela Berg, Pietro Cortelli, Roy Freeman, Glenda Halliday, Gunter Hoeglinger, Anthony Lang, Helen Ling, Irene Litvan, Phillip Low, Yasuo Miki, Jalesh Panicker, Maria Teresa Pellecchia, Niall Quinn, Ryuji Sakakibara, Maria Stamelou, Eduardo Tolosa, Shoji Tsuji, Tom Warner, Werner Poewe, Horacio Kaufmann

Summary: This study aims to develop novel diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy (MSA) using an evidence-based and consensus-based methodology to improve the diagnostic accuracy, particularly in early disease stages. The criteria were developed and optimized through systematic literature review, Delphi rounds, and a virtual Consensus Conference. Different clinical diagnostic categories were defined, and a new concept of possible prodromal MSA was introduced. Brain magnetic resonance imaging markers were required for the diagnosis of clinically established MSA.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: A critical review across waves

Mirko Manchia, Anouk W. Gathier, Hale Yapici-Eser, Mathias Schmidt, Dominique de Quervain, Therese van Amelsvoort, Jonathan Bisson, John F. Cryan, Oliver D. Howes, Luisa Pinto, Nic J. Van der Wee, Katharina Domschke, Igor Branchi, Christiaan H. Vinkers

Summary: The global public health crisis caused by COVID-19 has had a lasting impact on mental health, with most individuals showing surprising resilience and quick recovery from the pandemic measures. However, vulnerable groups that have been severely impacted by the pandemic still exist, highlighting the need for more comprehensive and integrative assessments of resilience, as well as personalized help and interventions tailored to specific needs for vulnerable groups in future pandemics.

EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions

Sameer M. Zuberi, Elaine Wirrell, Elissa Yozawitz, Jo M. Wilmshurst, Nicola Specchio, Kate Riney, Ronit Pressler, Stephane Auvin, Pauline Samia, Edouard Hirsch, Santiago Galicchio, Chahnez Triki, O. Carter Snead, Samuel Wiebe, J. Helen Cross, Paolo Tinuper, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Emilio Perucca, Solomon L. Moshe, Rima Nabbout

Summary: This article proposes a classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes in neonates and infants, aiming to support epilepsy diagnosis and emphasize the importance of classifying epilepsy by syndrome and etiology. The article reports the epidemiology, clinical course, seizure types, EEG, neuroimaging, genetics, and differential diagnosis for each syndrome, and presents self-limited syndromes, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, and etiology-specific epilepsy syndromes.

EPILEPSIA (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Humoral- and T-Cell Specific Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Patients With MS Using Different Disease-Modifying Therapies

Carla Tortorella, Alessandra Aiello, Claudio Gasperini, Chiara Agrati, Concetta Castilletti, Serena Ruggieri, Silvia Meschi, Giulia Matusali, Francesca Colavita, Chiara Farroni, Gilda Cuzzi, Eleonora Cimini, Eleonora Tartaglia, Valentina Vanini, Luca Prosperini, Shalom Haggiag, Simona Galgani, Maria Esmeralda Quartuccio, Andrea Salmi, Federica Repele, Anna Maria Gerarda Altera, Flavia Cristofanelli, Alessandra D'Abramo, Nazario Bevilacqua, Angela Corpolongo, Vincenzo Puro, Francesco Vaia, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi, Giuseppe Ippolito, Emanuele Nicastri, Delia Goletti

Summary: This study evaluated the immune-specific response after full SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with different disease-modifying drugs. The results showed that mRNA vaccines induced both humoral and cell-mediated specific immune responses against viral spike proteins in the majority of patients with MS. These findings have important implications for promoting vaccination in all MS patients.

NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Radiotherapy combined with nivolumab or temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with unmethylated MGMT promoter: An international randomized phase III trial

Antonio Omuro, Alba A. Brandes, Antoine F. Carpentier, Ahmed Idbaih, David A. Reardon, Timothy Cloughesy, Ashley Sumrall, Joachim Baehring, Martin van den Bent, Oliver Bahr, Giuseppe Lombardi, Paul Mulholland, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Ulrik Lassen, Juan Manuel Sepulveda, Mustafa Khasraw, Elodie Vauleon, Yoshihiro Muragaki, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Nicholas Butowski, Patrick Roth, Xiaozhong Qian, Alex Z. Fu, Yanfang Liu, Von Potter, Alexandros-Georgios Chalamandaris, Kay Tatsuoka, Michael Lim, Michael Weller

Summary: This study showed that TMZ + RT had better efficacy than NIVO + RT in newly diagnosed GBM patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter. However, no new safety signals were detected with NIVO in this study.

NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Spectrum of neurological complications following COVID-19 vaccination

Ravindra Kumar Garg, Vimal Kumar Paliwal

Summary: COVID-19 vaccines have brought hope against the pandemic, with some minor and transient neurological complications reported post-vaccination. The most devastating complication is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, while Bell's palsy is another major concern. Additional unexpected adverse events include acute transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy, as well as reactivation of herpes zoster. Studies are needed to explore the causal association between vaccines and these neurological events.

NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

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