Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC

Theresa A. McDonagh, Marco Metra, Marianna Adamo, Roy S. Gardner, Andreas Baumbach, Michael Boehm, Haran Burri, Javed Butler, Jelena Celutkien, Ovidiu Chioncel, John G. F. Cleland, Andrew J. S. Coats, Maria G. Crespo-Leiro, Dimitrios Farmakis, Martine Gilard, Stephane Heymans, Arno W. Hoes, Tiny Jaarsma, Ewa A. Jankowska, Mitja Lainscak, Carolyn S. P. Lam, Alexander R. Lyon, John J. McMurray, Alexandre Mebazaa, Richard Mindham, Claudio Muneretto, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Susanna Price, Giuseppe M. C. Rosano, Frank Ruschitzka, Anne Kathrine Skibelund

Summary: All experts involved in the development of the guidelines have declared their interests, and the declarations have been compiled and published in a supplementary report. The report can be accessed on the ESC website. The supplementary data provide background information and detailed discussion of the data that form the basis for the guidelines.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease

Alec Vahanian, Friedhelm Beyersdorf, Fabien Praz, Milan Milojevic, Stephan Baldus, Johann Bauersachs, Davide Capodanno, Lenard Conradi, Michele De Bonis, Ruggero De Paulis, Victoria Delgado, Nick Freemantle, Martine Gilard, Kristina H. Haugaa, Anders Jeppsson, Peter Juni, Luc Pierard, Bernard D. Prendergast, J. Rafael Sadaba, Christophe Tribouilloy, Wojtek Wojakowski

EUROINTERVENTION (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Connie W. Tsao, Aaron W. Aday, Zaid I. Almarzooq, Alvaro Alonso, Andrea Z. Beaton, Marcio S. Bittencourt, Amelia K. Boehme, Alfred E. Buxton, April P. Carson, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Kelly R. Evenson, Chete Eze-Nliam, Jane F. Ferguson, Giuliano Generoso, Jennifer E. Ho, Rizwan Kalani, Sadiya S. Khan, Brett M. Kissela, Kristen L. Knutson, Deborah A. Levine, Tene T. Lewis, Junxiu Liu, Matthew Shane Loop, Jun Ma, Michael E. Mussolino, Sankar D. Navaneethan, Amanda Marma Perak, Remy Poudel, Mary Rezk-Hanna, Gregory A. Roth, Emily B. Schroeder, Svati H. Shah, Evan L. Thacker, Lisa B. VanWagner, Salim S. Virani, Jenifer H. Voecks, Nae-Yuh Wang, Kristine Yaffe, Seth S. Martin

Summary: This article introduces the latest statistics on heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors published by the American Heart Association in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health. The Statistical Update includes data on a range of clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions and their associated outcomes. It serves as a critical resource for the general public, policymakers, healthcare professionals, researchers, and others seeking the best available data.

CIRCULATION (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease Developed by the Task Force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)

Alec Vahanian, Friedhelm Beyersdorf, Fabien Praz, Milan Milojevic, Stephan Baldus, Johann Bauersachs, Davide Capodanno, Lenard Conradi, Michele De Bonis, Ruggero De Paulis, Victoria Delgado, Nick Freemantle, Martine Gilard, Kristina H. Haugaa, Anders Jeppsson, Peter Juni, Luc Pierard, Bernard D. Prendergast, J. Rafael Sadaba, Christophe Tribouilloy, Wojtek Wojakowski

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Paul A. Heidenreich, Biykem Bozkurt, David Aguilar, Larry A. Allen, Joni J. Byun, Monica M. Colvin, Anita Deswal, Mark H. Drazner, Shannon M. Dunlay, Linda R. Evers, James C. Fang, Savitri E. Fedson, Gregg C. Fonarow, Salim S. Hayek, Adrian F. Hernandez, Prateeti Khazanie, Michelle M. Kittleson, Christopher S. Lee, Mark S. Link, Carmelo A. Milano, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Alexander T. Sandhu, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Orly Vardeny, Amanda R. Vest, Clyde W. Yancy

Summary: The 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure provides patient-centric recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of heart failure, based on contemporary evidence and updated recommendations.

CIRCULATION (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Paul A. Heidenreich, Biykem Bozkurt, David Aguilar, Larry A. Allen, Joni J. Byun, Monica M. Colvin, Anita Deswal, Mark H. Drazner, Shannon M. Dunlay, Linda R. Evers, James C. Fang, Savitri E. Fedson, Gregg C. Fonarow, Salim S. Hayek, Adrian F. Hernandez, Prateeti Khazanie, Michelle M. Kittleson, Christopher S. Lee, Mark S. Link, Carmelo A. Milano, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Alexander T. Sandhu, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Orly Vardeny, Amanda R. Vest, Clyde W. Yancy

Summary: This article provides an overview of the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure, including its aim, methods, and structure.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension Developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Endorsed by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) and the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG)

Marc Humbert, Gabor Kovacs, Marius M. Hoeper, Roberto Badagliacca, Rolf M. F. Berger, Margarita Brida, Jorn Carlsen, Andrew J. S. Coats, Pilar Escribano-Subias, Pisana Ferrari, Diogenes S. Ferreira, Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani, George Giannakoulas, David G. Kiely, Eckhard Mayer, Gergely Meszaros, Blin Nagavci, Karen M. Olsson, Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Jennifer K. Quint, Goran Radegran, Gerald Simonneau, Olivier Sitbon, Thomy Tonia, Mark Toshner, Jean-Luc Vachiery, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Marion Delcroix, Stephan Rosenkranz, Markus Schwerzmann, Anh-Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Andy Bush, Magdy Abdelhamid, Victor Aboyans, Eloisa Arbustini, Riccardo Asteggiano, Joan-Albert Barbera, Maurice Beghetti, Maja Cikes, Robin Condliffe, Frances de Man, Volkmar Falk, Laurent Fauchier, Sean Gaine, Nazzareno Galie, Wendy Gin-Sing, John Granton, Ekkehard Grunig, Paul M. Hassoun, Merel Hellemons, Tiny Jaarsma, Barbro Kjellstrom, Frederikus A. Klok, Aleksandra Konradi, Konstantinos C. Koskinas, Dipak Kotecha, Irene Lang, Basil S. Lewis, Ales Linhart, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Maja-Lisa Lochen, Alexander G. Mathioudakis, Richard Mindham, Shahin Moledina, Robert Naeije, Jens Cosedis Nielsen, Horst Olschewski, Isabelle Opitz, Steffen E. Petersen, Eva Prescott, Amina Rakisheva, Abilio Reis, Arsen D. Ristic, Nicolas Roche, Rita Rodrigues, Christine Selton-Suty, Rogerio Souza, Andrew J. Swift, Rhian M. Touyz, Silvia Ulrich, Martin R. Wilkins, Stephen John Wort

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy Developed by the Task Force on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)

Michael Glikson, Jens Cosedis Nielsen, Mads Brix Kronborg, Yoav Michowitz, Angelo Auricchio, Israel Moshe Barbash, Jose A. Barrabes, Giuseppe Boriani, Frieder Braunschweig, Michele Brignole, Haran Burri, Andrew J. S. Coats, Jean-Claude Deharo, Victoria Delgado, Gerhard-Paul Diller, Carsten W. Israel, Andre Keren, Reinoud E. Knops, Dipak Kotecha, Christophe Leclercq, Bela Merkely, Christoph Starck, Ingela Thylen, Maria Tolosana

EUROPACE (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Jennifer S. Lawton, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Sripal Bangalore, Eric R. Bates, Theresa M. Beckie, James M. Bischoff, John A. Bittl, Mauricio G. Cohen, J. Michael DiMaio, Creighton W. Don, Stephen E. Fremes, Mario F. Gaudino, Zachary D. Goldberger, Michael C. Grant, Jang B. Jaswal, Paul A. Kurlansky, Roxana Mehran, Thomas S. Jr Jr Metkus, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Sunil Rao, Frank W. Sellke, Garima Sharma, Celina M. Yong, Brittany A. Zwischenberger

Summary: Additional digital content can be found in the text.

CIRCULATION (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death Developed by the task force for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Endorsed by the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC)

Katja Zeppenfeld, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Marta de Riva, Bo Gregers Winkel, Elijah R. Behr, Nico A. Blom, Philippe Charron, Domenico Corrado, Nikolaos Dagres, Christian de Chillou, Lars Eckardt, Tim Friede, Kristina H. Haugaa, Meleze Hocini, Pier D. Lambiase, Eloi Marijon, Jose L. Merino, Petr Peichl, Silvia G. Priori, Tobias Reichlin, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Christian Sticherling, Stylianos Tzeis, Axel Verstrael, Maurizio Volterrani, Maja Cikes, Paulus Kirchhof, Magdy Abdelhamid, Victor Aboyans, Elena Arbelo, Fernando Arribas, Riccardo Asteggiano, Cristina Basso, Axel Bauer, Emanuele Bertaglia, Tor Biering-Sorensen, Carina Blomstrom-Lundqvist, Michael A. Borger, Jelena Celutkiene, Bernard Cosyns, Volkmar Falk, Laurent Fauchier, Bulent Gorenek, Sigrun Halvorsen, Robert Hatala, Hein Heidbuchel, Stefan Kaab, Aleksandra Konradi, Konstantinos C. Koskinas, Dipak Kotecha, Ulf Landmesser, Basil S. Lewis, Ales Linhart, Maja Lisa Lochen, Lars H. Lund, Andreas Metzner, Richard Mindham, Jens Cosedis Nielsen, Tone M. Norekval, Monica Patten, Eva Prescott, Amina Rakisheva, Carol Ann Remme, Ivo Roca-Luque, Andrea Sarkozy, Daniel Scherr, Marta Sitges, Rhian M. Touyz, Nicolas Van Mieghem, Vedran Velagic, Sami Viskin, Paul G. A. Volders

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice

Frank L. J. Visseren, Francois Mach, Yvo M. Smulders, David Carballo, Konstantinos C. Koskinas, Maria Back, Athanase Benetos, Alessandro Biffi, Jose-Manuel Boavida, Davide Capodanno, Bernard Cosyns, Carolyn Crawford, Constantinos H. Davos, Ileana Desormais, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Oscar H. Franco, Sigrun Halvorsen, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Monika Hollander, Ewa A. Jankowska, Matthias Michal, Simona Sacco, Naveed Sattar, Lale Tokgozoglu, Serena Tonstad, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Ineke van Dis, Isabelle C. van Gelder, Christoph Wanner, Bryan Williams, Guy De Backer, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Anne Hege Aamodt, Magdy Abdelhamid, Victor Aboyans, Christian Albus, Riccardo Asteggiano, Magnus Back, Michael A. Borger, Carlos Brotons, Jelena Celutkiene, Renata Cifkova, Maja Cikes, Francesco Cosentino, Nikolaos Dagres, Tine De Backer, Dirk De Bacquer, Victoria Delgado, Hester Den Ruijter, Paul Dendale, Heinz Drexel, Volkmar Falk, Laurent Fauchier, Brian A. Ference, Jean Ferrieres, Marc Ferrini, Miles Fisher, Danilo Fliser, Zlatko Fras, Dan Gaita, Simona Giampaoli, Stephan Gielen, Ian Graham, Catriona Jennings, Torben Jorgensen, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Maryam Kavousi, Wolfgang Koenig, Aleksandra Konradi, Dipak Kotecha, Ulf Landmesser, Madalena Lettino, Basil S. Lewis, Ales Linhart, Maja-Lisa Lochen, Konstantinos Makrilakis, Giuseppe Mancia, Pedro Marques-Vidal, John William McEvoy, Paul McGreavy, Bela Merkely, Lis Neubeck, Jens Cosedis Nielsen, Joep Perk, Steffen E. Petersen, Anna Sonia Petronio, Massimo Piepoli, Nana Goar Pogosova, Eva Irene Bossano Prescott, Kausik K. Ray, Zeljko Reiner, Dimitrios J. Richter, Lars Ryden, Evgeny Shlyakhto, Marta Sitges, Miguel Sousa-Uva, Isabella Sudano, Monica Tiberi, Rhian M. Touyz, Andrea Ungar, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Olov Wiklund, David Wood, Jose Luis Zamorano

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Jennifer S. Lawton, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland, Sripal Bangalore, Eric R. Bates, Theresa M. Beckie, James M. Bischoff, John A. Bittl, Mauricio G. Cohen, J. Michael DiMaio, Creighton W. Don, Stephen E. Fremes, Mario F. Gaudino, Zachary D. Goldberger, Michael C. Grant, Jang B. Jaswal, Paul A. Kurlansky, Roxana Mehran, Thomas S. Jr Jr Metkus, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Sunil Rao, Frank W. Sellke, Garima Sharma, Celina M. Yong, Brittany A. Zwischenberger

Summary: The executive summary of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions coronary artery revascularization guideline provides a patient-centric approach to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with significant coronary artery disease. This summary includes the top 10 take-home messages from the full guideline, along with recommendations, tables, and figures.

CIRCULATION (2022)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology

Gianluigi Savarese, Peter Moritz Becher, Lars H. Lund, Petar Seferovic, Giuseppe M. C. Rosano, Andrew J. S. Coats

Summary: Heart Failure (HF) is a multi-faceted and life-threatening syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, affecting over 64 million people. While the incidence of HF has stabilized in industrialized countries, the prevalence is increasing due to population ageing and improved treatment. Developing countries lack substantial data on HF epidemiology, which shows different features compared to the Western world. This review provides updated estimates on global burden of HF including prevalence, incidence, outcomes, and costs.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: the FIDELITY pooled analysis

Rajiv Agarwal, Gerasimos Filippatos, Bertram Pitt, Stefan D. Anker, Peter Rossing, Amer Joseph, Peter Kolkhof, Christina Nowack, Martin Gebel, Luis M. Ruilope, George L. Bakris

Summary: The study found that finerenone can reduce the risk of kidney disease and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Screening patients for albuminuria can help reduce the burden of cardiovascular and kidney disease.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Life's Essential 8: Updating and Enhancing the American Heart Association's Construct of Cardiovascular Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association

Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Norrina B. Allen, Cheryl A. M. Anderson, Terrie Black, LaPrincess C. Brewer, Randi E. Foraker, Michael A. Grandner, Helen Lavretsky, Amanda Marma Perak, Garima Sharma, Wayne Rosamond

Summary: In 2010, the American Heart Association introduced a new concept of cardiovascular health, aiming to shift focus from disease treatment to health promotion and preservation. However, subsequent evidence revealed limitations in the original approach, leading the association to convene a writing group to recommend enhancements and updates. This article introduces an enhanced approach to assessing cardiovascular health, called Life's Essential 8, which evaluates an individual's cardiovascular health.

CIRCULATION (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary

Paul A. Heidenreich, Biykem Bozkurt, David Aguilar, Larry A. Allen, Joni J. Byuny, Monica M. Colvin, Anita Deswal, Mark H. Drazner, Shannon M. Dunlay, Linda R. Evers, James C. Fang, Savitri E. Fedson, Gregg C. Fonarow, Salim S. Hayek, Adrian F. Hernandez, Prateeti Khazanie, Michelle M. Kittleson, Christopher S. Lee, Mark S. Link, Carmelo A. Milano, Lorraine C. Nnacheta, Alexander T. Sandhu, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Orly Vardeny, Amanda R. Vest, Clyde W. Yancy

Summary: The 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure replaces previous guidelines and aims to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians based on contemporary evidence, with the goal of improving quality of care and aligning with patients' interests.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Connie W. Tsao, Aaron W. Aday, Zaid I. Almarzooq, Cheryl A. M. Anderson, Pankaj Arora, Christy L. Avery, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Andrea Z. Beaton, Amelia K. Boehme, Alfred E. Buxton, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Kelly R. Evenson, Chete Eze-Nliam, Setri Fugar, Giuliano Generoso, Debra G. Heard, Swapnil Hiremath, Jennifer E. Ho, Rizwan Kalani, Dhruv S. Kazi, Darae Ko, Deborah A. Levine, Junxiu Liu, Jun Ma, Jared W. Magnani, Erin D. Michos, Michael E. Mussolino, Sankar D. Navaneethan, Nisha I. Parikh, Remy Poudel, Mary Rezk-Hanna, Gregory A. Roth, Nilay S. Shah, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Evan L. Thacker, Salim S. Virani, Jenifer H. Voeks, Nae-Yuh Wang, Nathan D. Wong, Sally S. Wong, Kristine Yaffe, Seth S. Martin

Summary: The American Heart Association, in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health, releases annual statistics on heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors. The Statistical Update provides the latest data on various heart and circulatory diseases and their outcomes, as well as information on core health behaviors and factors contributing to cardiovascular health.

CIRCULATION (2023)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Eric M. Isselbacher, Ourania Preventza, James Hamilton Black, John G. Augoustides, Adam W. Beck, Michael A. Bolen, Alan C. Braverman, Bruce E. Bray, Maya M. Brown-Zimmerman, Edward P. Chen, Tyrone J. Collins, Abe DeAnda, Christina L. Fanola, Leonard N. Girardi, Caitlin W. Hicks, Dawn S. Hui, William Schuyler Jones, Vidyasagar Kalahasti, Karen M. Kim, Dianna M. Milewicz, Gustavo S. Oderich, Laura Ogbechie, Susan B. Promes, Elsie Gyang Ross, Marc L. Schermerhorn, Sabrina Singleton Times, Elaine E. Tseng, Grace J. Wang, Y. Joseph Woo

Summary: The 2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease provides recommendations for clinicians on the diagnosis, genetic evaluation, medical therapy, endovascular and surgical treatment, and long-term surveillance of patients with various clinical presentations of aortic disease. The guideline emphasizes the importance of shared decision making and institutional interventional volume and multidisciplinary expertise in the care of patients with aortic disease.

CIRCULATION (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement

Florian Kronenberg, Samia Mora, Erik S. G. Stroes, Brian A. Ference, Benoit J. Arsenault, Lars Berglund, Marc R. Dweck, Marlys Koschinsky, Gilles Lambert, Francois Mach, Catherine J. McNeal, Patrick M. Moriarty, Pradeep Natarajan, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Klaus G. Parhofer, Salim S. Virani, Arnold von Eckardstein, Gerald F. Watts, Jane K. Stock, Kausik K. Ray, Lale S. Tokgozoglu, Alberico L. Catapano

Summary: This consensus statement provides updated evidence on the role of Lp(a) in ASCVD and aortic valve stenosis, and offers clinical guidance on testing and treating elevated Lp(a) levels.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021

Adam Timmis, Panos Vardas, Nick Townsend, Aleksandra Torbica, Hugo Katus, Delphine De Smedt, Chris P. Gale, Aldo P. Maggioni, Steffen E. Petersen, Radu Huculeci, Dzianis Kazakiewicz, Victor de Benito Rubio, Barbara Ignatiuk, Zahra Raisi-Estabragh, Agnieszka Pawlak, Efstratios Karagiannidis, Roderick Treskes, Dan Gaita, John F. Beltrame, Alex McConnachie, Isabel Bardinet, Ian Graham, Marcus Flather, Perry Elliott, Elias A. Mossialos, Franz Weidinger, Stephan Achenbach

Summary: This report updates and expands upon the 2019 report, providing cardiovascular disease statistics for the 57 ESC member countries. The report highlights the determinants of CVD and the disparities among different countries.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)