Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Propionate attenuates atherosclerosis by immune-dependent regulation of intestinal cholesterol metabolism

Arash Haghikia, Friederike Zimmermann, Paul Schumann, Andrzej Jasina, Johann Roessler, David Schmidt, Philipp Heinze, Johannes Kaisler, Vanasa Nageswaran, Annette Aigner, Uta Ceglarek, Roodline Cineus, Ahmed N. Hegazy, Emiel P. C. van der Vorst, Yvonne Doring, Christopher M. Strauch, Ina Nemet, Valentina Tremaroli, Chinmay Dwibedi, Nicolle Krankel, David M. Leistner, Markus M. Heimesaat, Stefan Bereswill, Geraldine Rauch, Ute Seeland, Oliver Soehnlein, Dominik N. Mueller, Ralf Gold, Fredrik Baeckhed, Stanley L. Hazen, Aiden Haghikia, Ulf Landmesser

Summary: This study examined the effects of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite propionic acid (PA) on intestinal cholesterol metabolism and found that it can reduce blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol. PA increased the number of regulatory T cells and IL-10 levels in the intestinal microenvironment, which in turn suppressed the expression of the intestinal cholesterol transporter Npc1l1. The findings suggest that targeting the gut immune system could be a potential therapeutic strategy for controlling dyslipidemia and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoproteins and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Individuals With and Without Atherosclerosis Distinguishing Between Particle Concentration, Type, and Content

Nicholas A. Marston, Robert P. Giugliano, Giorgio E. M. Melloni, Jeong-Gun Park, Valerie Morrill, Michael A. Blazing, Brian Ference, Evan Stein, Erik S. Stroes, Eugene Braunwald, Patrick T. Ellinor, Steven A. Lubitz, Christian T. Ruff, Marc S. Sabatine

Summary: This study found that the number of apoB-containing lipoproteins plays a crucial role in predicting cardiovascular risk independently of cholesterol or TG content. Lowering the concentration of all apoB-containing lipoproteins should be the primary focus of therapeutic strategies.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Left bundle branch area pacing outcomes: the multicentre European MELOS study

Marek Jastrzebski, Grzegorz Kielbasa, Oscar Cano, Karol Curila, Luuk Heckman, Jan De Pooter, Milan Chovanec, Leonard Rademakers, Wim Huybrechts, Domenico Grieco, Zachary Whinnett, Stefan A. J. Timmer, Arif Elvan, Petr Stros, Pawel Moskal, Haran Burri, Francesco Zanon, Kevin Vernooy

Summary: Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is a promising new pacing method for both bradyarrhythmia and heart failure indications. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of LBBAP and found that the success rate and safety in heart failure patients need to be improved.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Patient-Level Network Meta-Analyses of Randomized Clinical Trials With Interaction Testing by Age and Sex

Anthony P. Carnicelli, Hwanhee Hong, Stuart J. Connolly, John Eikelboom, Robert P. Giugliano, David A. Morrow, Manesh R. Patel, Lars Wallentin, John H. Alexander, M. Cecilia Bahit, Alexander P. Benz, Erin A. Bohula, Tze-Fan Chao, Leanne Dyal, Michael Ezekowitz, Keith A.a. Fox, Baris Gencer, Jonathan L. Halperin, Ziad Hijazi, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Kaiyuan Hua, Elaine Hylek, Eri Toda Kato, Julia Kuder, Renato D. Lopes, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Jonas Oldgren, Jonathan P. Piccini, Christian T. Ruff, Jan Steffel, Daniel Wojdyla, Christopher B. Granger

Summary: DOACs have more favorable efficacy and safety profiles compared to warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation, showing significant advantages in terms of stroke, systemic embolism, and bleeding.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 2-care pathways, treatment, and follow-up

Colin Baigent, Stephan Windecker, Daniele Andreini, Elena Arbelo, Emanuele Barbato, Antonio L. Bartorelli, Andreas Baumbach, Elijah R. Behr, Sergio Berti, Hector Bueno, Davide Capodanno, Riccardo Cappato, Alaide Chieffo, Jean-Philippe Collet, Thomas Cuisset, Giovanni de Simone, Victoria Delgado, Paul Dendale, Dariusz Dudek, Thor Edvardsen, Arif Elvan, Jose R. Gonzalez-Juanatey, Mauro Gori, Diederick Grobbee, Tomasz J. Guzik, Sigrun Halvorsen, Michael Haude, Hein Heidbuchel, Gerhard Hindricks, Borja Ibanez, Nicole Karam, Hugo Katus, Fredrikus A. Klok, Stavros Konstantinides, Ulf Landmesser, Christophe Leclercq, Sergio Leonardi, Maddalena Lettino, Giancarlo Marenzi, Josepa Mauri, Marco Metra, Nuccia Morici, Christian Mueller, Anna Sonia Petronio, Marija M. Polovina, Tatjana Potpara, Fabien Praz, Bernard Prendergast, Eva Prescott, Susanna Price, Piotr Pruszczyk, Oriol Rodriguez-Leor, Marco Roffi, Rafael Romaguera, Stephan Rosenkranz, Andrea Sarkozy, Martijn Scherrenberg, Petar Seferovic, Michele Senni, Francesco R. Spera, Giulio Stefanini, Holger Thiele, Daniela Tomasoni, Lucia Torracca, Rhian M. Touyz, Arthur A. Wilde, Bryan Williams

Summary: This review provides practical knowledge and guidance for clinicians managing patients with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, including care pathways, triage systems, management and treatment pathways, and information to help CVD patients avoid exposure to COVID-19. Though not a formal guideline, it summarizes current knowledge and guidance for clinicians in dealing with CVD and COVID-19 patients.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Effect of Treatment With Sacubitril/Valsartan in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction A Randomized Clinical Trial

Douglas L. Mann, Michael M. Givertz, Justin M. Vader, Randall C. Starling, Palak Shah, Steven E. McNulty, Kevin J. Anstrom, Kenneth B. Margulies, Michael S. Kiernan, Claudius Mahr, Divya Gupta, Margaret M. Redfield, Anuradha Lala, Gregory D. Lewis, Adam D. DeVore, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Adrian F. Hernandez, Eugene Braunwald

Summary: The study compared treatment with sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan in patients with chronic advanced heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two treatments in reducing NT proBNP levels.

JAMA CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

NLRP3 inflammasome as a key driver of vascular disease

Masafumi Takahashi

Summary: NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in sterile inflammatory diseases, particularly in atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. It is involved in disease progression by activating and assembling the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to inflammatory cell death and interleukin secretion.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

How to use digital devices to detect and manage arrhythmias: an EHRA practical guide

Emma Svennberg, Fleur Tjong, Andreas Goette, Nazem Akoum, Luigi Di Biaise, Pierre Bordachar, Giuseppe Boriani, Haran Burri, Giulio Conte, Jean-Claude Deharo, Thomas Deneke, Inga Drossart, David Duncker, Janet K. Han, Hein Heidbuchel, Pierre Jais, Marcio Jansen de Oliviera Figueiredo, Dominik Linz, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Katarzyna Malaczynska-Rajpold, Manlio Marquez, Corrette Ploem, Kyoko Soejima, Martin K. Stiles, Eric Wierda, Kevin Vernooy, Christophe Leclercq, Christian Meyer, Cristiano Pisani, Hui-Nam Pak, Dhiraj Gupta, Helmut Purerfellner, H. J. G. M. Crijns, Edgar Antezana Chavez, Stephan Willems, Victor Waldmann, Lukas Dekker, Elaine Wan, Pramesh Kavoor, Mohit K. Turagam, Moritz Sinner

EUROPACE (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Bleeding avoidance strategies in percutaneous coronary intervention

Davide Capodanno, Deepak L. Bhatt, C. Michael Gibson, Stefan James, Takeshi Kimura, Roxana Mehran, Sunil Rao, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Philip Urban, Marco Valgimigli, Stephan Windecker, Dominick J. Angiolillo

Summary: As the field of PCI advances, the importance of bleeding in treatment is increasingly recognized, being seen as having equally unfavorable prognostic implications as ischemic or thrombotic complications. Therefore, strategies focusing on maximizing treatment efficacy while minimizing safety concerns such as bleeding have become increasingly important.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Race, Racism, and Cardiovascular Health: Applying a Social Determinants of Health Framework to Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease

Zulqarnain Javed, Muhammad Haisum Maqsood, Tamer Yahya, Zahir Amin, Isaac Acquah, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Julia Andrieni, Prachi Dubey, Ryane K. Jackson, Mary A. Daffin, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Adnan A. Hyder, Khurram Nasir

Summary: Health care in the United States has made many innovations and successes in the past decades. However, the color of a person's skin still plays a significant role in determining their prospects of wellness and the quality of care they receive. Disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) serve as a stark reminder of social injustices and racial inequities that persist in society. People of color experience social disadvantages that increase their risk of CVD and poor disease outcomes. This review applies a comprehensive social determinants of health framework to understand how structural racism affects the health burden and increases the risk of CVD for historically underserved racial and ethnic groups.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Infarct size, inflammatory burden, and admission hyperglycemia in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with SGLT2-inhibitors: a multicenter international registry

Pasquale Paolisso, Luca Bergamaschi, Gaetano Santulli, Emanuele Gallinoro, Arturo Cesaro, Felice Gragnano, Celestino Sardu, Niya Mileva, Alberto Foa, Matteo Armillotta, Angelo Sansonetti, Sara Amicone, Andrea Impellizzeri, Gianni Casella, Ciro Mauro, Dobrin Vassilev, Raffaele Marfella, Paolo Calabro, Emanuele Barbato, Carmine Pizzi

Summary: The study found that type 2 diabetic AMI patients receiving SGLT2-I exhibited significantly reduced inflammatory response and smaller infarct size compared to those receiving other OAD agents.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Long-Term Evolocumab in Patients With Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Michelle L. O'Donoghue, Robert P. Giugliano, Stephen D. Wiviott, Dan Atar, Anthony Keech, Julia F. Kuder, KyungAh Im, Sabina A. Murphy, Jose H. Flores-Arredondo, J. Antonio G. Lopez, Mary Elliott-Davey, Bei Wang, Maria Laura Monsalvo, Siddique Abbasi, Marc S. Sabatine

Summary: Long-term use of evolocumab to lower LDL-C levels is associated with low rates of adverse events, which do not exceed those in the placebo group. Over time, the use of evolocumab also leads to further reduction in cardiovascular events.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Clinical outcomes of left bundle branch area pacing compared to right ventricular pacing: Results from the Geisinger-Rush Conduction System Pacing Registry

Parikshit S. Sharma, Neil R. Patel, Venkatesh Ravi, Dipen Zalavadia, Sujitraj Dommaraju, Varun Garg, Timothy R. Larsen, Angela M. Naperkowski, Jeremiah Wasserlauf, Kousik Krishnan, Wilson Young, Parash Pokharel, Jess W. Oren, Randle H. Storm, Richard G. Trohman, Henry D. Huang, Faiz A. Subzposh, Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman

Summary: This study compared the clinical outcomes between LBBAP and RVP in patients undergoing pacemaker implantation, showing that LBBAP resulted in improved clinical outcomes, especially in patients with higher burden of ventricular pacing.

HEART RHYTHM (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Takotsubo Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Emerging Concepts, and Clinical Implications

Trisha Singh, Hilal Khan, David T. Gamble, Caroline Scally, David E. Newby, Dana Dawson

Summary: “Takotsubo syndrome is an acute condition with transient dysfunction of the left ventricle, which is challenging to differentiate from acute myocardial infarction. Recent studies have shown that patients with this syndrome have persistent cardiac dysfunction and limiting symptoms. They also have a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality, similar to patients with acute coronary syndrome. The underlying pathophysiology of this condition remains unclear, and further research is needed to inform evidence-based management strategies.”

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an EACVI and ESC council of valvular heart disease position paper

Patrizio Lancellotti, Philippe Pibarot, John Chambers, Giovanni La Canna, Mauro Pepi, Raluca Dulgheru, Mark Dweck, Victoria Delgado, Madalina Garbi, Mani A. Vannan, David Montaigne, Luigi Badano, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Gianluca Pontone, Alec Vahanian, Erwan Donal, Bernard Cosyns

Summary: This article presents clinical guidance for the multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation, including quantification of regurgitation, assessment of valve anatomy and function, and evaluation of the consequences on cardiac chambers. Imaging results play a crucial role in the management of patients with valvular regurgitation.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation and beyond: why and how: a position statement from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology

Dominique Hansen, Ana Abreu, Marco Ambrosetti, Veronique Cornelissen, Andreas Gevaert, Hareld Kemps, Jari A. Laukkanen, Roberto Pedretti, Maria Simonenko, Matthias Wilhelm, Constantinos H. Davos, Wolfram Doehner, Marie-Christine Iliou, Nicolle Krankel, Heinz Voller, Massimo Piepoli

Summary: The proper determination of exercise intensity is crucial for the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease, as it affects the effectiveness and safety of exercise training. Various organizations have published position statements on aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiovascular rehabilitation. Subsequent research has highlighted controversies and refinements in commonly applied concepts related to exercise intensity determination in cardiovascular rehabilitation.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiac involvement in the long-term implications of COVID-19

Benjamin A. Satterfield, Deepak L. Bhatt, Bernard J. Gersh

Summary: This article emphasizes the need to focus on cardiovascular sequelae in survivors of COVID-19 and calls for prospective studies to understand and mitigate these lasting consequences, with resources provided to monitor and study this population in the coming years.

NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Interventions for Frailty Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease JACC State-of-the-Art Review

Naila Ijaz, Brian Buta, Qian-Li Xue, Denise T. Mohess, Archana Bushan, Henry Tran, Wayne Batchelor, Christopher R. DeFilippi, Jeremy D. Walston, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Daniel E. Forman, Jon R. Resar, Christopher M. O'Connor, Gary Gerstenblith, Abdulla A. Damluji

Summary: Cardiovascular disease and frailty are interdependent with the same physiological underpinning. Risk factors for frailty include cognitive decline, physical inactivity, poor nutrition, and lack of social support. Effective interventions, such as tailored cardiac rehabilitation, are multidimensional and aim to optimize quality of life in frail patients.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Association of COVID-19 With Major Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Diseases: A Population-Wide Cohort Study of 48 Million Adults in England and Wales

Rochelle Knight, Venexia Walker, Samantha Ip, Jennifer A. Cooper, Thomas Bolton, Spencer Keene, Rachel Denholm, Ashley Akbari, Hoda Abbasizanjani, Fatemeh Torabi, Efosa Omigie, Sam Hollings, Teri-Louise North, Renin Toms, Xiyun Jiang, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Spiros Denaxas, Johan H. Thygesen, Christopher Tomlinson, Ben Bray, Craig J. Smith, Mark Barber, Kamlesh Khunti, George Davey Smith, Nishi Chaturvedi, Cathie Sudlow, William N. Whiteley, Angela M. Wood, Jonathan A. C. Sterne

Summary: Incidence of vascular diseases remains elevated up to 49 weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis, with a faster decline for arterial thromboses than VTEs. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19, non-White individuals, and those without previous events are at higher risk. Policies to prevent severe COVID-19, including vaccination, early post-discharge review, risk factor control, and secondary preventive agents, are supported by these findings.

CIRCULATION (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Baseline Characteristics of Patients With HF With Mildly Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction DELIVER Trial

Scott D. Solomon, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brian L. Claggett, Rudolf A. de Boer, David DeMets, Adrian F. Hernandez, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Carolyn S. P. Lam, Felipe Martinez, Sanjiv J. Shah, Jan Belohlavek, Chern-En Chiang, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Josep Comin-Colet, Dan Dobreanu, Jaroslaw Drozdz, James C. Fang, Marco Antonio Alcocer Gamba, Waleed Al Habeeb, Yaling Han, Jose Walter Cabrera Honorio, Stefan P. Janssens, Tsvetana Katova, Masafumi Kitakaze, Bela Merkely, Eileen O'Meara, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Sergey N. Tereschenko, Jorge Thierer, Orly Vardeny, Subodh Verma, Pham Nguyen Vinh, Ulrica Wilderang, Natalia Zaozerska, Daniel Lindholm, Magnus Petersson, John J. V. McMurray

Summary: This report describes the baseline clinical profiles and management of DELIVER trial participants and how these compare with those in other contemporary heart failure with preserved ejection fraction trials.

JACC-HEART FAILURE (2022)

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