Ni(OH)(2) modified CdS nanorods for highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic H-2 generation

Conventional titania photocatalysts possess good activity and stability, but require near-ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (about 4% of the solar spectrum) for effective photocatalysis, which severely limits their practical applications. Here we report the synthesis of new visible-light-drivenNi(OH)(2)-modified CdS nanorod-type composite photocatalysts by a simple precipitation method using CdS nanorods as a support and Ni(NO3)(2) as a nickel hydroxide precursor. A special emphasis is placed on the effect of Ni(OH)(2) content in this composite photocatalyst on the photocatalytic rate of H-2 production in triethanolamine aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation. This study shows that the photocatalytic H-2-production activity of CdS nanorods is significantly enhanced by modifying them with Ni(OH)(2). The optimal Ni(OH)(2) loading was found to be 23 mol%, which resulted in a visible-light H-2-production rate of 5085 mu mol h(-1) g(-1) corresponding to 28% quantum efficiency (QE) at 420 nm, exceeding that of pure CdS and 1wt% Pt loaded CdS nanorods by a factor of 145 and 1.3 times, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic H-2-production activity was achieved because the potential of Ni2+/Ni (Ni2+ + 2e(-) = Ni, E degrees = -0.23 V) is less negative than the conduction band (CB) (-0.7 V) of CdS, meanwhile this potential is more negative than the reduction potential of H+/H-2 (2H(+) + 2e(-) = H-2, E degrees = 0.0 V), which favors the transfer of CB electrons from CdS to Ni(OH)(2) and the reduction of Ni2+ to Ni-0. The role of Ni-0 is to help the charge separation and to act as a co-catalyst for water reduction, thus enhancing the photocatalytic H-2-production activity. This work not only shows a possibility for the utilization of low cost Ni(OH)(2) as a substitute for noble metal Pt in photocatalytic H-2-production but also demonstrates its capability for the consumption of the pollutant triethanolamine, used as a sacrificial reagent in this process.