Effectiveness of combined exercise training to improve functional fitness in older adults: A randomized controlled trial

AimThe present randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of different exercise training modalities on functional fitness responses in apparently healthy older men. MethodsA total of 59 community-dwelling older men were randomly assigned to an aerobic training group (ATG, n=19), a combined aerobic and resistance training group (CTG, n=20) or a control group (n=20). Both exercise training programs were moderate-to-vigorous intensity, 3 days/week for 9 months. Six independent functional fitness tests (back scratch, chair sit-and-reach, 30-s chair stand, arm curl, 8-ft up-and-go, 6-min walk) were measured on five different occasions. The data were analyzed using a mixed-model ANOVA. ResultsANOVA showed a significant main effect of group (P<0.001) for all functional fitness tests, with significant differences between both training groups and controls. However, the ATG only improved the chair sit-and-reach and the 30-s chair stand performance, whereas CTG improved in all functional fitness tests. ANOVA also identified a significant main effect of time for 8-ft up-and-go (P=0.031) in the CTG. ConclusionsOnly the combined exercise program was effective in improving all functional fitness components related to daily living activities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 892-898.