期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 41, 期 17, 页码 6207-6212出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2014GL061047
关键词
Arctic; phytoplankton phenology; wind; sea ice; climate change
资金
- Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) in Remote Sensing of Canada's New Arctic Frontier
- ArcticNet
- Quebec-Ocean
Recent receding of the ice pack allows more sunlight to penetrate into the Arctic Ocean, enhancing productivity of a single annual phytoplankton bloom. Increasing river runoff may, however, enhance the yet pronounced upper ocean stratification and prevent any significant wind-driven vertical mixing and upward supply of nutrients, counteracting the additional light available to phytoplankton. Vertical mixing of the upper ocean is the key process that will determine the fate of marine Arctic ecosystems. Here we reveal an unexpected consequence of the Arctic ice loss: regions are now developing a second bloom in the fall, which coincides with delayed freezeup and increased exposure of the sea surface to wind stress. This implies that wind-driven vertical mixing during fall is indeed significant, at least enough to promote further primary production. The Arctic Ocean seems to be experiencing a fundamental shift from a polar to a temperate mode, which is likely to alter the marine ecosystem.
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