Dipoles of the South East Madagascar Current

Satellite altimetry data covering 18 years together with hydrographic observations around south Madagascar show that after separation from the coast, the South East Madagascar Current (SEMC) propagates southwestward and breaks up into a regular series of symmetric counter-rotating vortex pairs. Most of them split and propagate into the Agulhas retroflection system. Interannual variability of the dipole formation is related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. In the observation period two early Agulhas retroflection events appeared both related to strong Madagascar dipoles. The symmetry of the dipoles may originate from the boundary current where negative vorticity on the inshore side is adjacent to positive vorticity further offshore. Citation: Ridderinkhof, W., D. Le Bars, A. S. von der Heydt and W. P. M. de Ruijter (2013), Dipoles of the South East Madagascar Current, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 558-562, doi:10.1002/grl.50157.