期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 40, 期 8, 页码 1546-1550出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/grl.50278
关键词
glacier mass balance measurmenets and modelling; sea level rise; post Little Ice Age climate fluctuations; albedo-reducing impact of volcanic eruptions
资金
- Research Fund of Iceland
- University of Iceland Research Fund
- National Power Company of Iceland
- Icelandic Public Road Administration, Reykjavik Energy's Environmental and Energy Research Fund
- Jules Verne French-Icelandic programme
- Nordic Energy Research: Climate and Energy (CE)
- Climate and Energy Systems (CES)
- TOSCA (CNES) programme
- TOSCA PNTS programme
- OASIS (Optimizing Access to Spot Infrastructure for Science) [36, 94]
In total, Icelandic ice caps contain approximate to 3600km3 of ice, which if melted would raise sea level by approximate to 1cm. Here, we present an overview of mass changes of Icelandic ice masses since the end of the 19th century. They have both gained and lost mass during this period. Changes in ice volume have been estimated both through surface mass balance measurements (performed annually since approximate to 1990) and differencing of digital elevation models derived from various satellite and airborne observations. While the glaciers showed little mass loss as the 20th century began, losses increased rapidly after 1925, peaked in the 1930s and 1940s, and remained significant until the 1960s. After being near-zero or even positive during the 1980s and early 1990s, glacier mass budgets declined considerably, and have since the mid-1990s shown an average annual loss of 9.5 +/- 1.5Gta1, contributing approximate to 0.03mma1 to sea level rise. Since 1995 interannual variability in mass loss is high, ranging from 2.7 to 25.3 +/- 1.5Gta1, corresponding to surface mass balances of 0.2 to 2.2 +/- 0.15m wea1. This variability is driven by climate fluctuations and also by transient reduction of albedo due to volcanic eruptions.
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