期刊
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
卷 38, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2010GL046016
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资金
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA: NNX07AQ81G]
- US DOE [U.S. DOE: ER64187-1027586-0011923, DE-FG02-05ER63965]
- National Science Foundation
- University of California under U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
Ground-based lidar, radar and microwave radiometer observations at Eureka, Canada, Barrow, Alaska and over the western Arctic Ocean measure physical characteristics and morphology of stratiform clouds. Despite transition of a cold atmosphere (-15 C) through ice supersaturated conditions, ice is not observed until soon after a liquid layer. Several cases illustrating this phenomenon are presented in addition to long-term observations from three measurement sites characterizing cloud phase frequency. This analysis demonstrates that clouds composed entirely of ice occur less frequently than liquid-topped mixed-phase clouds at temperatures warmer than -25 to -30 C. These results indicate ice formation generally occurs in conjunction with liquid at these temperatures, and suggest the importance of liquid-dependent ice nucleation mechanisms. Citation: de Boer, G., H. Morrison, M. D. Shupe, and R. Hildner (2011), Evidence of liquid dependent ice nucleation in high-latitude stratiform clouds from surface remote sensors, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L01803, doi:10.1029/2010GL046016.
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