期刊
JOURNAL OF VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION
卷 29, 期 -, 页码 103-113出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2015.02.006
关键词
H.264/AVC; Information forensics; Anti-forensics; Video tampering detection; Video shot editing; Coding mode prediction; Modification of Quantization indices; Group of Pictures; Quantization parameter
资金
- Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan [MOST 102-2221-E-008-073, 103-2221-E-008-080]
This research investigates the forensics and anti-forensics of video editing operations, including shot insertion and deletion, which are common practices of content tampering. The proposed methodology is based on the fact that excessive prediction residuals in the H.264/AVC encoding may appear in the inter-coded frames that were intra-coded. For the anti-forensics, the relationships of coding modes in consecutive frames are employed to determine whether the intra-prediction can be applied during the re-encoding process of the tampered video. The correspondences of coding parameters and the bit-rates are then examined to predict the targeted distribution of quantization indices. Some nonzero indices are modified for satisfying the targeted distribution and generating a video that does not seem an edited one. Next, two forensic methods are presented. The first method evaluates the energy of resulting residuals after the deblocking filtering to reveal the editing operations that have been applied. The second method makes use of the rate control mechanism to check the quantization parameters. Although there exist certain limitations, the methods deserve more discussions under appropriate conditions. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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