Drying-induced changes in phosphorus status of soils with contrasting soil organic matter contents - Implications for laboratory approaches

Phosphorus (P) fractions are commonly assessed on dried soils in environmental and long-term field research, because this is the most convenient method of storing large quantities of samples before analysis. However sample pre-treatment may seriously affect the results, especially those regarding the organic P fractions. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of soil drying under laboratory conditions on the P status of soils with contrasting physico-chemical and microbial properties. We used soils from a (Pinus pinaster) forest in southwest France sampled from different soil depths and different site classes featuring a gradient of soil organic matter (SOM), and aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) oxides. Total P. total organic and inorganic P. water soluble phosphate ions (iP), microbial P and the potentially mineralizable P in 'dead' organic matter were determined on fresh, moist soils maintained at 4 degrees C and on the same soils, oven-dried at 60 degrees C. Laboratory-drying resulted in a general decrease in total organic P. which was positively correlated with microbial P and SUM content. These drying-induced changes in total organic P were associated with a concomitant increase in total inorganic P and water soluble iP, which were dramatic in the organic forest floor samples (on average + 2965% (x31 increase) in total inorganic P. and + 11880% (x123 increase) in water soluble iP). The changes in water soluble iP were correlated with the SOM: Al and Fe oxides ratio and showed little effect of soil drying in deeper soil layers with a low SUM and high oxide contents. Our results indicated that soil drying mainly resulted in the lysis of the microbial pool, and to a much lesser extent, in the physical disruption and mineralization of the SOM. We conclude that soil drying before analyses can generate a significant bias in the evaluation of soil P stocks and fluxes, especially in SOM-rich layers. We recommend that fresh soil samples should be used as far as possible to determine soil P status. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.