Inhibition of calcite growth by alginate

The kinetics of calcite precipitation in the presence of alginate was investigated using the constant composition technique. In the concentration range investigated (0.0002-0.005 g L-1), alginate inhibits calcite precipitation. The extent of inhibition increased with increased alginate concentration and decreased solution supersaturation. Alginate adsorption, derived from normalized calcite precipitation rates, is described satisfactorily by the Langmuir adsorption model. At lowest supersaturation, alginate adsorption onto calcite probably reaches its maximal uptake of 7.5E-4 g m(-2), corresponding to surface coverage of one molecule for each 200-300 nm(2), depending on the molecular mass of alginate. This means that one alginate molecule can be bound over 100-150 Ca surface sites. Initially, on the surface of the inhibited calcite, XPS identified alginate but after further time in solution, when the system had recovered, XPS demonstrated that it disappeared from the surface, presumably buried under the newly formed calcite. The alginate affinity constant decreases with increasing supersaturation, evidence for incomplete adsorption. A simple model based on competition between growth and desorption effectively describes the observed change in the adsorption constant. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.