Magnetostatic interactions in deep-sea sediments inferred from first-order reversal curve diagrams: Implications for relative paleointensity normalization

Understanding magnetostatic interactions in sediments is important for paleomagnetism and rock magnetism. Magnetostatic interactions are known to affect significantly the efficiency of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) acquisition, and hence the ratio of ARM susceptibility (chi ARM) to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM), a magnetic grain-size proxy widely used for environmental applications, can be controlled by magnetostatic interactions. Relative paleointensity estimations may also be influenced by magnetostatic interactions because ARM is often used as a normalizer to correct for the difference in magnetizability of sediments. In this study, characterization of magnetic grains in deep-sea sediments from the North Pacific Ocean was conducted using first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams and IRM acquisition curves. The FORC diagrams indicate that the magnetic grains consist mainly of a noninteracting single-domain (SD) component and an interacting SD component, and additionally of a multidomain (MD) component. The relative abundances of these components were semiquantitatively estimated by curve fitting of cross sections along a line parallel to the axis of local interaction fields (H(u)) and through a peak in the coercivity (H(c)). Three components were fitted assuming a Gaussian distribution of interaction fields (H(u)). The IRM acquisition curves can be described by two dominant components assuming a log-Gaussian distribution. The mean coercivities of the two components are similar to 40 and similar to 100 mT, respectively. It is estimated that the former component is carried by biogenic magnetite, and roughly corresponds to the noninteracting SD component derived from the FORC diagrams, and that the latter component is carried by eolian maghemite, corresponding to the interacting SD component. The chi ARM/SIRM ratio decreases with increasing concentration of the interacting SD component. This implies that the chi ARM/SIRM ratio is significantly affected by magnetostatic interactions and that it does not necessarily reflect magnetic grain size. The effect of magnetostatic interactions on natural remanent magnetization acquisition in sediments is not well understood, but if it is similarly sensitive to the SIRM, normalization by ARM in relative paleointensity estimations would overcompensate for the concentration of magnetic grains and cause the significant coherence between the normalized intensity and the normalizer that has been reported in the literature.