期刊
GENOME RESEARCH
卷 22, 期 12, 页码 2399-2408出版社
COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT
DOI: 10.1101/gr.138776.112
关键词
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资金
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Fondation Princesse Grace de Monaco
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
- Institut National du Cancer (INCa)
- Commission of the European Communities
- Genopole
- CNRS
- INCa
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale
- Chromatin Plasticity Marie Curie Research Training Network
- Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC)
- ANR
- ESGI Consortium grant of the EU
One clear hallmark of mammalian promoters is the presence of CpG islands (CGIs) at more than two-thirds of genes, whereas TATA boxes are only present at a minority of promoters. Using genome-wide approaches, we show that GC content and CGIs are major promoter elements in mammalian cells, able to govern open chromatin conformation and support paused transcription. First, we define three classes of promoters with distinct transcriptional directionality and pausing properties that correlate with their GC content. We further analyze the direct influence of GC content on nucleosome positioning and depletion and show that CpG content and CGI width correlate with nucleosome depletion both in vivo and in vitro. We also show that transcription is not essential for nucleosome exclusion but influences both a weak +1 and a well-positioned nucleosome at CGI borders. Altogether our data support the idea that CGIs have become an essential feature of promoter structure defining novel regulatory properties in mammals.
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