Do mental disorders and eating patterns affect long-term weight loss maintenance?

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of mental disorders on weight loss maintenance among initially successful weight losers who participated in a very-low-calorie diet program. Method: A total of 251 obese individuals were assessed in a prospective longitudinal study over a period of 4 years. Mental disorders and eating patterns were assessed by structured interviews at baseline and by standardized questionnaires at baseline (T-1), after 1 year (T-2) and on 3-year follow-up (T-3). Analyses were performed with an intention-to-treat method. Results: Based on the intention-to-treat sample, 166 successful weight losers at T-2 (weight loss >= 10%) were identified. Of those, 47(28.3%) maintained a weight loss of >= 5% of their pretreatment weight, whereas 119(71.7%) maintained a loss of less than 5% of their pretreatment weight at T-3. History of substance abuse/dependence disorder and grazing prior to treatment increased the likelihood of successful weight loss maintenance. High levels of cognitive control, low levels of disinhibition on 3-year follow-up and initial body mass index also were associated with successful weight loss maintenance. Conclusion: Strategies that helped individuals overcome earlier mental disorders might help to establish better self-regulation and maintain high cognitive control of eating and subsequently increase the possibility of maintaining weight loss in the long run. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.