Pain and suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts in the United States

Objective: This study examined the association between pain and suicidality in the general US population. Method: Using data front the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication, we assessed relationships between four measures of pain (back and neck. headache, other nonarthritic pain and summary score of the count of these conditions) and 12-month suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts using chi-square tests and logistic regression models. Multivariate logistic regression models controlled for demographic characteristics, chronic health conditions. mood, anxiety and Substance use disorders. Results: In multivariate models adjusting for concurrent psychiatric disorders and other chronic medical conditions, suicidal ideation was associated with head pain (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.0) and the pain summary score (OR 1.2. 95% CI: 1.0, 1.4). Suicide attempt was also associated with head pain (OR 2.3. 95% CI: 1.2, 4.4) and pain summary score (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.6). Other nonarthritic pain was associated with suicide attempts (OR4.0. 95% CI: 1.8, 9.1). Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of pain as a potentially independent risk factor for suicide, particularly among those with head pain or multiple forms of co-occuring pain. Individuals suffering from chronic pain may be particularly appropriate for suicide screening and intervention efforts. Published by Elsevier Inc.