期刊
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 170, 期 1, 页码 68-78出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.10.018
关键词
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; G protein-coupled receptors; Comparative genomics; Evolution
资金
- Brain Research Center of the 21st Century Frontier Research Program [M103KV010005-08K2201-00510]
- STAR exchange program
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its G protein-coupled receptor, GnRHR, play a pivotal role in the control of reproduction in vertebrates. To date, many GnRH and GnRHR genes have been identified in a large variety of vertebrate species using conventional biochemical and molecular biological tools in combination with bioinformatic tools. Phylogenetic approaches, primarily based on amino acid sequence identity, make it possible to classify these multiple GnRHs and GnRHRs into several lineages. Four vertebrate GnRH lineages GnRH1, GnRH2, GnRH3, and GnRH4 (for lamprey) are well established. Four vertebrate GnRHR lineages have also been proposed-three for nonmammalian GnRHRs and mammalian GnRHR2 as well as one for mammalian GnRHR1. However, these phylogenetic analyses cannot fully explain the evolutionary origins of each lineage and the relationships among the lineages. Rapid and vast accumulation of genome sequence information for many vertebrate species, together with advances in bioinformatic tools, has allowed large-scale genome comparison to explore the origin and relationship of gene families of interest. The present review discusses the evolutionary mechanism of vertebrate GnRHs and GnRHRs based on extensive genome comparison. In this article, we focus only on vertebrate genomes because of the difficulty in comparing invertebrate and vertebrate genomes due to their marked divergence. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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