Aspergillus westerdijkiae polyketide synthase gene aoks1 is involved in the biosynthesis of ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potential nephrotoxic, teratogenic, immunogenic, hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin, produced by Aspergillus westerdijkiae NRRL 3174. Herein we describe the characterization of a putative OTA-polyketide synthase gene aoks1, cloned by using gene walking approach. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 2 kb clone display 34-60% similarities to different polyketide synthase genes including lovastatine biosynthesis gene lovb in A. terreus, compactin biosynthesis gene mlcA in Penicillium citrinum and OTA biosynthesis gene otapksPN in P. nordicum. Based on the reverse transcription PCR and kinetic secondary metabolites production studies, aoks1 expression was found to be associated with OTA biosynthesis. Further a mutant, in which the aoks1 gene was inactivated by Escherichia coli hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene, lost the capacity to produce OTA, but still producing mellein. To our knowledge this report describes for the first time characterization of a gene involved in OTA biosynthesis, with the information about mellein which was proposed in the literature to be an intermediate OTA. This study also suggests that aoks1 may be the second polyketide synthase gene required for OTA biosynthesis in A. westerdijkiae NRRL 3174. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.