How to efficiently utilize electrode materials in supercapattery?

Theoretical stored capacity of one electrode material is decided by their thermodynamics factors, which can be achieved only when electrode materials fully react at quite long charging time. In order to store large quantities of charges in short charging time, high-efficiency utilization of electrode materials becomes more and more important. Both fast ionic and electronic transports represent the fundamental factor for high-efficiency utilization of electrode materials. Supercapattery, showing both high power density and high energy density, includes supercapattery-type electrode materials, leading to fast redox reaction. This paper focuses on the structure design of supercapattery-type electrode materials and electrode to satisfy dynamic demand for fast redox reaction of one electrode material. The use of redox active cations and the construction of active colloidal supercapatteries are described. This work will give enlightenment to design electrochemical energy storage system for high-power and high energy applications.