期刊
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
卷 29, 期 3, 页码 299-307出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12356
关键词
biotic interactions; co-evolution; diversity; extinction debt of ecological interactions; global change drivers
类别
资金
- Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnologia para el Desarrollo (CYTED Project) [409AC0369]
- Spanish MEC [CGL2011-13456-E]
- Junta de Andalucia Excellence Grant [RNM-5731]
- Severo Ochoa Excellence Award from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [SEV-2012-0262]
- FONDECYT [1120155]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
The effects of the present biodiversity crisis have been largely focused on the loss of species. However, a missed component of biodiversity loss that often accompanies or even precedes species disappearance is the extinction of ecological interactions. Here, we propose a novel model that (i) relates the diversity of both species and interactions along a gradient of environmental deterioration and (ii) explores how the rate of loss of ecological functions, and consequently of ecosystem services, can be accelerated or restrained depending on how the rate of species loss covaries with the rate of interactions loss. We find that the loss of species and interactions are decoupled, such that ecological interactions are often lost at a higher rate. This implies that the loss of ecological interactions may occur well before species disappearance, affecting species functionality and ecosystems services at a faster rate than species extinctions. We provide a number of empirical case studies illustrating these points. Our approach emphasizes the importance of focusing on species interactions as the major biodiversity component from which the health' of ecosystems depends.
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